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[Risk of lidocaine spray]

¾îÁ¦ ³»½Ã°æ ½ÄµµÈ®Àå¼úÀ» À§ÇÑ lidocaine spray ÈÄ ÁßÁõ methemoglobinemia Áõ·Ê¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ µå·È½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ÀúÀÇ °¡½¿À» ¾ÆÇÁ°Ô ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ lidocaine sprayÀÇ À§Ç輺À» ¸ô¶ó¼­ ȯÀÚ¸¦ À§Çè¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â À̾߱⿴±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

It is not generally appreciated that therapeutic doses of most local anesthetics (given topically or intravenously) can produce this condition.

³Ê¹« Áß¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾îÁ¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÇ discussion ºÎºÐÀ» ÀϺΠ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. ²À ±×¸®°í õõÈ÷ Àо½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.


ÀÏ´Ü pulse oxymeter´Â methemoglobinemia¿¡¼­´Â ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

The definitive diagnostic test for methemoglobinemia is multiple-wavelength co-oximetry. Co-oximeters measure the light absorption of blood at numerous ultraviolet wavelengths. As a result, these machines are able to determine the percentages of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin. A multiple-wavelength co-oximeter is different from a pulse oximeter, which measures ultraviolet absorption at only two wavelengths (940 and 660 nm) to differentiate oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. Pulse oximeters are designed for continuous noninvasive monitoring, whereas co-oximeters require a blood sample and are typically available only at tertiary care centres.

A standard blood gas machine will not detect methemoglobin. Such machines measure oxygen tension (PO2 ) and pH, then calculate oxygen saturation from these values. This approach assumes the absence of abnormal hemoglobin. To complicate matters, pulse oximeters are unreliable in the presence of methemoglobin, because methemoglobin is detected by both the oxyhemoglobin (940 nm) and deoxyhemoglobin (660 nm) sensors of the oximeters. At low levels (<20%), methemoglobin is detected primarily by the deoxyhemoglobin sensor, and a pulse oximeter may show a falsely low oxygen saturation. At high methemoglobin levels (>70%), detection by the oxyhemoglobin sensor predominates, and a pulse oximeter may show a falsely high reading.


ȯÀÚ°¡ °¡½¿ÀÌ ´ä´äÇÏ°í cyanosis°¡ ¿Â »óȲ¿¡¼­ pulse oxymeter·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ »ê¼ÒÆ÷È­µµ°¡ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¹Ù·Î methemoglobinemia¸¦ ÀǽÉÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Clinical findings include cyanosis that is unresponsive to oxygen and cyanosis in the presence of normal (calculated) oxygen saturation. Although pulse oximeter readings are inaccurate in this circumstance, oximeter saturation values that deviate substantially from the clinical picture may suggest the diagnosis. In addition, if the difference between the calculated oxygen saturation from a standard blood gas machine and the reading from a pulse oximeter is greater than 5%, it is likely that the patient has an abnormal hemoglobin (either carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin or sulfhemoglobin; cyanohemoglobin does not result in this finding). Some authors refer to this as a "saturation gap," whereas others use this term for the difference between the calculated oxygen saturation from a standard blood gas machine and the measured value from a co-oximeter.


Ä¡·á´Â methylene blueÀÌÁö¸¸ À̺¸´Ù ¾Õ¼­ close monitoring°ú ÀÀ±ÞÁ¶Ä¡°¡ 100¹è ´õ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ°í methemoglobinemia¸¦ ÀǽÉÇÏ°í Áø´ÜÇÏ°í methylene blue¸¦ Åõ¿©Çϱâ Àü±îÁö ȯÀÚÀÇ vitalÀ» Àß À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ Àüóġ, ½Ã¼ú, ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ close monitoringÀÌ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Symptomatic patients with methemoglobinemia, particularly those with levels over 20%, should receive methylene blue, which acts as a cofactor for the enzyme NADPH methemoglobin reductase. Electrons are transferred from NADPH to methylene blue, which leads to a reduction of the heme iron, in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.... To reduce delays in administration, our ED has added to ward stock sufficient methylene blue for an initial 2 mg/kg dose.


55¼¼ ³²ÀÚȯÀÚ°¡ ¿ÜºÎº´¿ø¿¡¼­ À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´Ü¹Þ°í ¼ÒÈ­±â³»°ú ¿Ü·¡¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ´Â º¹ÅëÀ̳ª üÁß°¨¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °£´ÜÇÑ ½Åü°ËÁøÀ» ÇÑ ÈÄ ¿Ü·¡¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æÀç°Ë, À§ CT, Upper GI series, Ç÷¾×°Ë»ç µîÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ ÈÄ ¿Ü°úÀÇ·Ú¸¦ Çϱâ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

¿Ü·¡°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ ÀúÀÇ EMR (electronic medical recording) È­¸é¿¡ CVR (critical value report)°¡ ¶¹½À´Ï´Ù. Á¶±Ý Àü Áø·áÇÏ¿´´ø ±× ȯÀÚÀÇ hemoglobinÀÌ 6.8 g/dlÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±ÞÈ÷ ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¿Ü·¡·Î ¸ð¼Å¼­ ´Ù½Ã ¹®ÁøÀ» ÇØ º¸´Ï ȯÀÚ´Â weakness, dizziness, dyspnea on exertionÀ» °í¹ÎÇÏ°í °è¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ¼öÇ÷À» ÇÏ°í ÀÔ¿øÇÏ¿© °Ë»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °èȹÀ» º¯°æÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ª½Ã À§¾ÏÀº ±Þ¸¸¼º ÃâÇ÷À» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÁøÇ༺ À§¾ÏÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¼ö¼úÇÏ´Â º´À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¹®ÁøÀ» ¼ÒȦÈ÷ Çϱ⠽±½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º» ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¹®ÁøÀ» ´©¶ôÇϸé ȯÀÚ´Â »ó´ç±â°£ °í»ýÀ» ÇÏ½Ç ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³»°úÀÇ»çÀÇ ±âº»ÀÎ history taking°ú physical examinationÀÇ Á߿伺À» Àý°¨ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.


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9¿ù 2ÀÏ Àú³á 7½Ã. Barrett ½Äµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ staff lecture¸¦ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °­ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» °ø°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2009³â ³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ¿¡ ±â°íÇÑ ¸®ºäµµ Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.


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[2013-9-3. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ (¿Ü°ú ÀÇ»ç) Áú¹®] ÁÁÀº ±³À°ÀÚ·á¿Í Á¦ Áú¹®¿¡ Ç×»ó ´äº¯ÇØÁֽô Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù methemoglobulinemia¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëµµ Àß º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Àǹ®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Àǵ帳´Ï´Ù. MethemoglobulinemiaÀÇ Ä¡·á·Î antidoteÀÎ methylene blue¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù°í Çϴµ¥, ½ÇÁ¦·Î methylene blue°¡ ample·Î ³ª¿À´Â°Ô ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¼ö¼ú½Ã methylene blue¸¦ Á¾Á¾ ¾²°ï Çϴµ¥, IV·Î Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ´Â ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÷ºÎÇϽŠ³í¹®¿¡¼­µµ methylene blue¸¦ °¡Á®¿À´Âµ¥ 20ºÐ °É·È´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

[2013-9-4. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯] °ú°Å¿¡´Â ¾àÁ¦ºÎ¿¡¼­ methylene bule ¿ø·á¸¦ ±¸ÇÏ¿© ¿ø³»Á¦Á¦ ÇüÅ·Π°ø±ÞÇØ ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àúµµ ¾ÆÁÖ µå¹°°Ô ³»½Ã°æ Áø´Ü¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾È ¾´Áö 10³âµµ ³ÑÁö¸¸.....


ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ °¡Á®¿Â »çÁø. Barrett esophagus¿¡¼­ methylene blue¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÀÌ·¸°Ô uptake°¡ µÈ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇØ º¸¸é ÀÌ·¸°Ô °­ÇÏ°Ô ¿°»öµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸...


Metaplastic gastritis¿¡¼­ methylene blue¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »çÁøÀ» Âï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Ç´«À¸·Îµµ Àß º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿°»öÇغ¸¸é ´õ Àß º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °á±¹ ÀÓ»óÀû ÀÇÀÇ°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ¶æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ 10³â Àü¿¡ ÀÌ »çÁøÀ» ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ´õ ÀÌ»ó methylene blue¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡¼­ ´õ ÀÌ»ó methylene blue¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ºñÄ¡ÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç¿ë methylene blue´Â ºñÄ¡ÇÏ·Á°í Çصµ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö³â Àü±îÁö »ï¿ÀÁ¦¾à¿¡¼­ ¼öÀÔÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¾àÁ¦ºÎ¿¡¼­µµ ¼Ò·® °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (°ü·Ã link). ´ç½Ã ¾àÀü¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ È¿´É, ¿ë¹ý, ¿ë·®Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

Æ÷Àå´ÜÀ§: 10 mL ¾ÚÇÃ. È¿´É: ¾à¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ÞÆ®Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó Ç÷Áõ, ¿ë¹ý/¿ë·®: ¸ÞÄ¥·»ºí·ç·Î¼­ üÁß kg´ç 1~2mg(0.1~0.2mL)À» ¼öºÐ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¸Å¿ì õõÈ÷ Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»çÇÑ´Ù.

ÇöÀç´Â ¼öÀÔÀÌ Áß´ÜµÈ »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »ç¿ë·®ÀÌ Àû±â ¶§¹®ÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ¾Ë±â·Î´Â ÇöÀç ±¹³»¿¡¼­ ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Èñ±ÍÀǾàÇ°¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ ¹®ÀÇÇÏ´Â ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÀ±Þ ¾àÁ¦¸¦ ±¹³»¿¡¼­ Á¤»ó ·çÆ®·Î ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Ï ÇѽÉÇÑ ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºñÄ¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â º´¿øµµ °ÅÀÇ ¾øÁö ¾Ê³ª ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é ¿­½ÉÈ÷ supportive careÇÏ°í ÀúÀý·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸± ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇѽÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º¸°Çº¹ÁöºÎ´Â ȯÀÚ»ý¸í°ú Á÷°áµÈ Çʼö¾à °ø±ÞÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑÁöºÎÅÍ »ìÇÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ µµ¸® ¾Æ´Ò±î¿ä? ÇàÁ¤¿¡ ³ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â Àθí°æ½ÃdzÅä°¡ ÇÑź½º·´½À´Ï´Ù.

ÇöÀç »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ´ëÃ¥Àº ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î Á» ´õ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ÀÀ´ç ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¹Ù»Ü ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.


[2013-9-4. Ãß°¡] Methylene blue 1% ÁÖ»ç °ø±Þ¿¡ °üÇØ Èñ±ÍÀǾàÇ° ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ ¹®ÀÇÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ÀüÇصé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Ȳ´çÇϱ⠱×Áö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
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