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[2014 Yonsei Gastric Cancer Symposium]

2014³â 11¿ù 22ÀÏ ¿¬¼¼¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ÁöÇÏ 3Ãþ ¼­¾Ï°­´ç¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° Yonsei Gastric Cancer Symposium¿¡ ´Ù³à¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. À§¾Ï Ä¡·áÀÇ Ã¹ ´ÜÃߺÎÅÍ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ molecular thing±îÁö Ä¿¹öµÇ´Â Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ½Ã°£À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÁÀº ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾öÀ» ÁغñÇÑ ¿¬¼¼´ë À§¾ÏÆÀ ¿©·¯ºÐ²² °¨»ç¸»¾¸ ÀüÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


1. History of gastric cancer (¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¿Ü°ú ±èÃæ¹è)

1881³â¿¡ ºñ¿£³ªÀÇ Theodor Billroth°¡ pyloric obstruction ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ subtotal gastrectomy¸¦ ÇÏ¿´°í ȯÀÚ°¡ 4°³¿ù »ýÁ¸ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¿ª»çÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Billroth´Â À½¾Ç¾ÖÈ£°¡¿´°í ºê¶÷½ºÀÇ Ä£±¸¿´´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

1942³â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Kajitani°¡ lymph node dissectionÀ» ÃÖÃÊ·Î ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿¡¼­´Â 1962³â¿¡ D2 dissectionÀ» Ç¥Áؼú½ÄÀ¸·Î È®¸³Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡´Â 1970³â¿¡ D2 Ç¥Áؼú½ÄÀÌ µµÀԵǾú½À´Ï´Ù. 2001³â 3¿ù À§¾ÏÄ¡·á °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ Á¦ 1ÆÇÀÌ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. 2014³â¿¡ »õ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÌ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼ºê¶õ½ºº´¿øÀÇ Ludlow±³¼ö°¡ China Medical Journal¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ Carcinoma in Korea ³í¹®ÀÌ ¿µ¹® ù ³í¹®ÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

1993³â 11¿ù 6ÀÏ ´ëÇÑÀ§¾Ï¿¬±¸È¸°¡ ⸳µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


2. History of Chemotherapy (¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ Á¤Çöö)

1) Adjuvant chemotherapy

1957³â circulating tumor cell¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 3°³ÀÇ ³í¹®ÀÌ ³ª¿À¸é¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª 2000³â´ë ÃʹݱîÁöÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡´Â µðÀÚÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¸¹¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Áï adjuvant chemotherapyÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿¬±¸ µðÀÚÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀÔÁõµÇÁö ¸øÇßÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹æ¿µÁÖ, ³ë¼ºÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô µîÀÇ CLASSIC trial ÈÄ adjuvant chemotherapy¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÁÁÀº ¿¬±¸°¡ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.

2) Palliative chemotherapy

Old generation ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ response rate´Â 10-35% Á¤µµ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. New generation ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ response rate´Â 50% Á¤µµ·Î Çâ»óµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ median survivalÀÌ 1³âÀÌ ³ÑÀº ¿¬±¸´Â Àû½À´Ï´Ù. ¼­±¸º¸´Ù µ¿¾çÀÇ »ýÁ¸À²ÀÌ ¾à°£ ´õ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. µ¿¾ç¿¡¼­´Â disease progression ÈÄ »ýÁ¸±â°£ÀÌ ´õ ±é´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ 2Â÷, 3Â÷ Ä¡·á°¡ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÀÌ·ïÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

3) Target agent

Anti-HER2: ù ¿¬±¸(TOGA trial, 2010 Lancet)ÀÇ survival gainÀÌ 2.7°³¿ù ÀÌÈÄ ¸¹Àº targetÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. TargetÀ» Çϳª¾¿ °ËÅäÇÏ·Á¸é ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ Áö³ª¹Ç·Î ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Multi-target multi-arm trial, umbrella protocol·Î °¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

°ú°Å¿¡´Â ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ »ìÇÇ´Â ¹æÇâÀ̾ú´Ù¸é ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â algorithmÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


3. History of Radiotherapy (»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ÀÓµµÈÆ)


¾Ï Ä¡·áÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿ª»ç (DeVita NEJM 2012)

¹æ»ç¼± Ä¡·á¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â pattern of recurrence¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڷḦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î RT field¸¦ Àâ¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. D2 dissectionÀ» ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ °£È¤ local lymph node ȤÀº dissection field ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡¼­ Àç¹ßÇÏ´Â ¿¹°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î RT¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© Àç¹ßÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


Pattern of recurrence at SMC


Pattern of recurrence at YMC (Radiother Oncol. 2012)


4. Surgical conception on stage IV gastric cancer (Jia-fu Ji, Beijing Cancer Hospital, China)

2012³â Àü ¼¼°è À§¾ÏÀÇ 42.5%°¡ Áß±¹¿¡¼­ Áø´ÜµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

2017³â ±¹Á¦À§¾ÏÇÐȸ°¡ Áß±¹ º£ÀÌ¡¿¡¼­ ¿­¸°´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


5. Molecular information based personaized drug selection ingastric cancer (¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¸ÞµðÄÃÀ¶ÇÕ¿¬±¸¼Ò ¹ÚÀº¼º ¹Ú»ç)

¸¹Àº cell line¿¡¼­ Á¶»çÇغ¸¸é cytotoxic drugÀº È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â cell lineÀÌ ¸¹Áö¸¸, targeted agent´Â ÀϺΠcell line¿¡¼­¸¸ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

KRAS mutationÀº À§¾ÏÀÇ 5%¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Áß ÀϺδ Copy number gainÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â MEK inhibitor ÀúÇ×¼ºÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

°­ÀÇ°¡ ³Ê¹« ¾î·Á¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ³»°¡ ¹«½ÄÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö, °­»ç°¡ °­ÀǸ¦ ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö... Àáµµ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Æ Âü °ïȤ½º·¯¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©ÇÏÆ° ºÒÆíÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


6. Moving forward with targets in gastric cancer from the "Sequence" to clinical trials (»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ÀÌÁö¿¬)

Patient-derived cellÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Clinical load°¡ ¸¹Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­ °³º° ȯÀÚÀÇ À¯ÀüÁ¤º¸¸¦ È°¿ëÇÑ Áø·á¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â º°µµÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù»Û ¿Ü·¡¿¡¼­´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â °³ÀÎ ¸ÂÃã ¾ÏÁø·á Ŭ¸®´ÐÀ» ¿­¾î Áö³­ 8¿ù±îÁö 428¸íÀ» µî·ÏÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀüÀÚ profileÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¾àÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â targeted agent°¡ ´õ ¸¹¾Æ¾ß°Ú´Ù°í ÆǴܵ˴ϴÙ.

ÀÌÁö¿¬ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº MUOȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀüÀÚ profileÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© BRAF º¯ÀÌ°¡ È®ÀεǾî ÇØ´ç ¾àÀ» ½á¼­ dramaticÇÏ°Ô ÁÁ¾ÆÁø ȯÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.


7. AVATAR mouse for gastric cancer (»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ÃֹαÔ)

À§¾Ï¿¡¼­ Ç¥Àû ºÐÀÚÄ¡·á ¼ºÀûÀÇ Çâ»óÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â?

1) À§¾ÏÀº heterogeneousÇÏ¸ç ¾ÏÀÇ Á¶Á÷ÇÐÀû, ¿ªÇÐÀû, ºÐÀÚÇÐÀû Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó Ç¥ÀûºÐÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÆí, ÁõÆøÀÇ ¾ç»óÀÌ ´Ù¸£¸ç ÀÌ·± Á¡ÀÌ Ç¥ÀûºÐÀÚÄ¡·áÁ¦ÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ Â÷À̸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÏÀÇ ¼¼ºÎ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÔ.

2) »ý¹°ÁöÇ¥(biomarker, e.g. HER-2)ÀÇ È®ÀÎÀ» ÅëÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ ȯÀÚ±ºÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÇÕ´çÇÑ Ç¥ÀûºÐÀÚÄ¡·áÁ¦¸¦ Àû¿ëÇϸé Ä¡·áÀÇ ±Ø´ëÈ­¸¦ ²ÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸´Ù ³ªÀº »ý¹°ÁöÇ¥ °ËÃâ±â¼úÀÇ °³¹ß ¹× Ç¥ÁØÈ­°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÔ

3) ¾ÏÀÇ heterogeneity·Î ÀÎÇØ Ä¡·á¸¦ °è¼ÓÇÏ´Ù º¸¸é ¾àÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â cloneÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ³²°Ô µÇ°í ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾àÁ¦ ³»¼ºÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÁ¦º´¿ë¿ä¹ý(combination therapy) µµÀÔÀ¸·Î ³»¼ºÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ°í ÀÓ»ó¼ºÀûÀ» º¸´Ù Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


8. Standard D2 lymph node dissection in minimally invasive surgery (Takahiro Kinoshita, National Cancer Center Hospital, East, Japan)

±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ µ¿(ÔÔ)º´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â À§¾Ï¼ö¼úÀÇ 75%°¡ º¹°­°æ ¼ö¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

3 D CT simulationÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ÇغÎÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¢µµ¿¡¼­ »ìÆ캼 ¼ö ÀÖ¾î Å« µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

±ä µ¿¿µ»óÀ» º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥ ÇÇ Çѹæ¿ï ³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. °­»ç´Â "My goal is white surgery without any blood"¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. White surgery. ¸ÚÁø ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Laparoscopic splenic hilar dissection without splenectomy µ¿¿µ»óÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ÀλóÀûÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


9. Standard D2 lymph node dissection (±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ±è¿µ¿ì)

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