³×´ú¶õµå »ý¸®ÇÐÀÚÀÎ Willem EinthovenÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î EKG¸¦ ¸¸µë
Standard 12 lead EKG
1) AV block
1st degree 1µµ ¹æ½ÇÂ÷´Ü | PR interval¸¸ ±æ¾îÁü | |
2nd degree 2µµ ¹æ½ÇÂ÷´Ü | Mobitz type 1 | PRÀÌ ¼¼È÷ ±æ¾îÁö´Ù ºüÁü. Wenckebach phenomenon |
Mobitz type 2 | PRÀÌ ±æ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Ù°¡ °©Àڱ⠺üÁü | |
High grade °íµµ ¹æ½ÇÂ÷´Ü | 2:1 ¶Ç´Â 3:1 (3°³ Áß Çϳª¸¸ Àü´Þ) | |
3rd degree (Complete) ¿ÏÀü ¹æ½ÇÂ÷´Ü | ¹æ°ú ½ÇÀÌ µû·Î ³í´Ù. |
2) Sick sinus syndrome (SSS): ¼¸Æ ºó¸Æ ÁõÈıºÀ» º¸À̸ç 7-8ÃÊ ÀÌ»ó Á¤ÁöµÇ¸é Adams-Stokes ¹ßÀÛÀÌ ÀϾÙ.
1) Ventricular tachycardia (VT, V-tac) ½É½Çºó¸Æ. ½É½ÇÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ºü¸£°Ô ¶Ú´Ù.
2) Torsades de pointes (Åä¼¼ÀÌµå µå Æ÷ÀÎÆ®) ºñÁö¼Ó¼º ´ÙÇü¼º ½É½Çºó¸Æ - QT ¿¬Àå ÁõÈıº°ú °ü·Ã (¾à ¶§¹®ÀÎ °æ¿ì ¸¹À½)
3) Ventricular fibrillation (VF) ½É½Ç¼¼µ¿. ±ÔÄ¢¼ºÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ½É½ÇÀÌ ¶²´Ù.
4) Atrial fibrillation (AF) ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿ : irregularly irregularÇÑ RR interval. ½É¹Ú¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Áõ»óÀÌ Àֱ⵵ ÇÏ°í (rapid ventricular response) ¾ø±âµµ ÇÔ (ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àû´çÇÑ ½É¹Ú¼ö).
5) Atrial flutter (AFL) ½É¹æÁ¶µ¿. Åé´Ï¹ÙÄû ¸ð¾çÀÇ FÆÄ
6) Proxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) ½É½Ç»ó¼ººó¸Æ - 95%´Â ȸ±Í¼º.
7) WPW ÁõÈıº: (1) PR interval < 0.12s (2) A delta wave at the beginning of the QRS complex, (3) A rapid, regular tachyarrhythmia
1) Premature atrial contractions (PAC) = supraventricular premature contraction ½É½Ç»ó¼º ±â¿Ü¼öÃà
2) Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) = ventricular premature contraction (VPC) ½É½Ç¼º ±â¿Ü¼öÃà - »ê¹ß¼º, ºó¹ß¼º (short run), ÀÌ´Ü¸Æ (bigeminy), »ï´Ü¸Æ (trigeminy)
3) °¢Â÷´Ü (bundle branch block, BBB)
RBBB´Â V1¿¡¼ Åä³¢±Í, LBBB´Â V1¿¡¼ ½ÄÄ®(knife), V6¿¡¼´Â initial q°¡ ¾ø°í RsR' pattern.
4) Fascicular block
5. Angina¿Í myocardial infarction
1) Angina: ST depression - Âü°í: digitalis Áßµ¶¿¡¼µµ ST depressionÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Subendocardial injury¿¡¼µµ ST depression °¡´É
2) Myocardial infarction: Q wave, convex ST elevation (Âü°í: pericarditis¿¡¼´Â concave ST elevation)
- II, III, aVF: inferior infarction
- I, aVL: lateral infarction
- V1, V2, V3, V4: anterior infarction
6. Chamber enlargement (V1À» Àß º¸ÀÚ)
1) Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) - ¿ìÃø À¯µµ (III, aVR, V1-3)ÀÇ S ÆÄ°¡ ±í°í, ÁÂÃø À¯µµ (I, aVL, V4-6)ÀÇ RÆÄ°¡ Å©´Ù. V1 S¿Í V5 RÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ 35mm ÀÌ»ó. Involved area¿¡¼ ST depression°ú T waveÀÇ asymmetrical inversionÀ» µ¿¹Ý.
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) - V1¿¡¼ Å« RÆÄ. Involved area¿¡¼ ST depression°ú T waveÀÇ asymmetrical inversionÀ» µ¿¹Ý.
Axis: I°ú aVF·Î ÆÇ´Ü
Hypocalcemia: QT prolongation, hypercalcemia: QT shortening
Hyperkalemia: abnormally tall T, hypokalemia: prominent U wave
Dextrocardia