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[Dignostic group classification before and after resection. Pathological discrepancy. Pathological upgrading] - ðû

1. Diagnostic group classification (»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø 2016)

2012³â Ä¡·á °á°ú¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© 'Diagnostic group classifications of gastric neoplasms by endoscopic resection criteria before and after treatment: real world experience'¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù (Lee JH. Surg Endosc 2016 / PDF). Absolute indication EGC, Expanded indication EGC, Beyond expanded indication EGC µîÀ» 'Áø´Ü¸í'À̶ó°í ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø¾î¼­ 'diagnostic group classification'À̶ó´Â ¸»À» ¸¸µé¾î ½á º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

Background and study aims: There are often discrepancies between the pretreatment evaluation of gastric neoplasms by endoscopy with biopsy and the final diagnosis of resected specimen in terms of pathology and depth of invasion. We evaluated the spectrum of discrepancies between pretreatment and posttreatment diagnosis which may deliver significant differences on clinical practice.

Patients and Methods: A total of 2,041 patients with gastric dysplasia or cancer who underwent curative endoscopic resections or surgeries in 2012 were enrolled. Patients were classified into five different diagnostic groups; low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), absolute indication early gastric cancer (AI-EGC), beyond absolute indication early gastric cancer (BAI-EGC), and advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The choice of initial treatment and final pathologic diagnosis was analyzed.

Results: The study patients belonged to the following pretreatment diagnostic groups; LGDs in 162, HGDs in 164, AI-EGCs in 396, BAI-EGCs in 824, and AGCs in 495 cases. Posttreatment diagnostic groups were LGDs in 140, HGDs in 121, AI-EGCs in 322, BAI-EGCs in 947, AGCs in 505, and no residual tumor in 6 cases. In general, 6.9% (141/2,041) of cases were down-graded, and 15.9% (324/2,041) were up-graded. Thirty-four percent of pretreatment HGDs (56/164) were changed to cancers after endoscopic resection. Thirty-three percent of pretreatment AI-EGCs (131/396) were re-grouped as posttreatment BAI-EGCs. The additional surgery rate in each pretreatment group was 0.6% in LGD, 4.3% in HGD, 15.7% in AI-EGC, 23.6% in BAI-EGC among the patients with initial endoscopic resection (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Twenty-three percent of gastric neoplasms changed in their final diagnostic group after endoscopic resection or surgery. This discrepancy should be considered when the initial treatment strategy is being selected.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ESD ¿µ¿ªÀº ¹«Ã´ È¥¶õ½º·´½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú ÀüÈÄ º´¸® °á°ú°¡ ¹Ù²î´Â ¿¹°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»Àº Á¶±Ý¸¸ ÀÌ»óÇÏ¸é ´Ù ¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀ» ºÙ¿©¹ö¸®¹Ç·Î ESD ½ÃÇà ȯÀÚÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Ã³À½ºÎÅÍ À§¾ÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â »ó´ç¼ö°¡ ½Ã¼ú Àü adenoma, ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ adenocarcinomaÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀ» frank ÇÏ°Ô º¸°íÇÑ ³í¹®ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ¸¶À½ ¸Ô°í Çѹø Á¤¸®ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î 6.9% (141/2,041)°¡ down-grade µÇ°í 15.9% (324/2,041)°¡ up-grade µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Diagnostic group classificationÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Absolute indicationÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜµÈ È¯ÀÚÀÇ 89.6%°¡ ù Ä¡·á·Î ESD°¡ ¼±Åõǰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ESD ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ È®·üÀÌ 15%¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Ä¡·á Àü ºÐ·ù¿¡ µû¶ó °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °Í°ú Ä¡·á ÈÄ ºÐ·ù¿¡ µû¶ó °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Expanded indictionÀÇ °æ¿ì ±× Â÷ÀÌ°¡ °¡Àå ÇöÀúÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°¢ diagnostic group¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ diagramÀ» ¸¸µé¾îº¸¸é Àç¹ÌÀÖÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Real world¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

À§ µµÇ¥¿¡¼­ ESD îñ absolute indication EGC·Î ÆǴܵǾúÀ¸³ª ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î AGC·Î ³ª¿Â ȯÀÚ°¡ 1¸í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å¿ì µå¹® °æ¿ì¿´±â¿¡ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ESD°¡ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ submucosal adhesionÀ¸·Î ESD¸¦ ¸¶Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú°í ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© AGC·Î È®ÀÎµÈ È¯ÀÚ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ESD·Î ÀÎÇÑ Àΰø±Ë¾ç¶§¹®¿¡ º¸¸¸ 3ÇüÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ³»½Ã°æÀûÀ¸·Î´Â EGC-like AGC Áï Borrmann type unclassified°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÇÕÇÑ ºÐ·ù¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Stomach, total gastrectomy:
Status post endoscopic submucosal dissection (incomplete)
Advanced gastric carcinoma
1. Location : upper third, Center at body and lesser curvature
2. Gross type : Borrmann type 3
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : intestinal
5. Size : 3x1.5 cm
6. Depth of invasion : invades muscularis propria (pT2)
7. Resection margin: free from carcinoma, safety margin: proximal 2 cm, distal 11.4 cm
8. Lymph node metastasis : no metastasis in 38 regional lymph nodes (pN0)
9. Lymphatic invasion : present
10. Venous invasion : not identified
11. Perineural invasion : present
12. Peritoneal cytology : negative


[Âü°í ÀÚ·á]

1) 2014³â »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ³í¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Dig Dis Sci 2014). ¾à 9³â°£ 2,194¸íÀÇ ESD¸¦ Ä¡·áÇߴµ¥ ±× Áß Ä¡·á ÈÄ undifferentiated-typeÀÌ 59¿¹(2.7%)¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Undifferentiated-type 59¿¹ Áß 50¿¹(84.7%)°¡ Ä¡·á Àü¿¡´Â differentiated-type, atypical gland, indefinite for dysplasia¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¡·á Àü Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­µµ undifferentiated-typeÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Â °æ¿ì´Â 9¿¹ (15.2%)¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Undifferentited-typeÀ» ESDÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Â º´¿ø¿¡¼­ º¸ÀÌ´Â °æÇâÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (Âü°í: 2014³â ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ´Â ÀÛÀº undifferentiated type¿¡ ÇÑÇÏ¿© Á¾Á¾ ESD¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù). Posttreatment ºÐ¼®¿¡¼­´Â undifferentiated-typeÀÌ¶óµµ pretreatment ºÐ¼®À» Çغ¸¸é differentiated-typeÀÌ ÀûÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â Á¡À» °­Á¶ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

2) 2014³â ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ °­³²¼¼ºê¶õ½ºº´¿ø ³í¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Pathol Res Pract 2014). ¾à 9³â °£ Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï 289¿¹¸¦ Ä¡·áÇߴµ¥ ±× Áß Ä¡·á ÈÄ undifferentiated-typeÀÌ 38¿¹(13.1%)¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¡·á ÈÄ undifferentiated-type 38¿¹ Áß 7¿¹(18.4%)°¡ Ä¡·á Àü¿¡´Â differentiated-typeÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Undifferentited-type¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ESD¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Àû Àû±ØÀûÀÎ mind¸¦ °¡Áø º´¿øÀÇ °æÇâÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

3) 2014³â ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ½ÅÃ̼¼ºê¶õ½ºº´¿ø ³í¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Surg Endosc). ¾à 7³â °£ Ä¡·á Àü Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç differentiated-type 596º´¼Ò¸¦ Ä¡·áÇߴµ¥, ±× Áß Ä¡·á ÈÄ undifferentiated-typeÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ï °æ¿ì°¡ 26¿¹ (4.3%)¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °°Àº ±â°£ Ä¡·á Àü Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç undifferentiated-typeÀº ¸î ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀºÁö´Â ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

4) 2016³â ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³º´¿ø ³í¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Choi JM. Surg Endosc 2016). Biopsy-proven differentiated type EGC 1,641 º´¼Ò¸¦ ESD ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ 5.2% (85 º´¼Ò)°¡ undifferentiated·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÎÀÚ´Â female sex, age < 65 years, large endoscopic size, depressed morphology, surface nodularity, whitish discoloration ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °°Àº ±â°£ Ä¡·á Àü Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç undifferentiated-typeÀº ¸î ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀºÁö´Â ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

Undifferentiated type histology·Î ¹Ù²ï 85¿¹ÀÇ curative resection rate´Â 36.5%(31/85)¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï undifferentiate type histology¶ó°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ óÀ½¿¡ differentiate typeÀ̾ú°í ESD ÀûÀÀÁõ¿¡ ¼ÓÇß´Ù¸é curative resectionÀÌ ³ª¿ÔÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ¿¹ÈÄ°¡ ÁÁ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

5) 2015³â 11¿ù Gastric CancerÁö¿¡ NECA ¿¬±¸ÀÇ º´¸® part °á°ú°¡ E-pubÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (Kim JM. GC 2015 - Epub). ¹®µæ ¿¾ ÀÏÀÌ »ý°¢³µ½À´Ï´Ù. NECA ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±âȹ ´Ü°è¿¡ Âü¿©Çß´Ù°¡ Áß°£¿¡ ºüÁ®¼­ ¿©·¯ ¼±»ý´Ô²² ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ²ÙÁßÀ» µé¾ú´ø ¾ÆÇ ±â¾ïÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

À̹ø ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ beyond expanded indication Áõ·Ê°¡ 20.1%¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¼Ò ³ôÀº ÆíÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù±â°ü ¿¬±¸¿´´ø °Í°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù.

¿©·¯ º¯¼ö°¡ ºÐ¼®µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ Á¦ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ö °ÍÀº Å©±â Â÷ÀÌ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. »ý°¢º¸´Ù ÆíÂ÷°¡ ÀÛ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ Å©±â¿Í º´¸® Å©±âÀÇ Æò±Õ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ 1.5 mm ¹Û¿¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸´Ï±î¿ä. 2 cm·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ½Ã¼úÇߴµ¥ 8.5cm°¡ ³ª¿Â °Íµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸...


2. Diagnostic group classification at National Cancer Center (±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ 2016)

Diagnostic group classificationÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼­µµ ESD ÀüÈÄ º´¸® Áø´ÜÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÀº ÀڷḦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

J Gastric Cancer 2016

ESD Àü absolute indicationÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´ø ȯÀÚÀÇ 13.8%°¡ out-of-indicationÀ¸·Î, Áï ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Ô°í, ESD Àü expanded indicationÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´ø ȯÀÚÀÇ 30.2%°¡ out-of-indicationÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Ô´Ù´Â À̾߱âÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


3. A prediction model for pathological upgrading (Nanjing Medical University 2023)

Gut Liver 2023


[FAQ]

[2017-12-21]

º´¸®°ú¿Í ȸÀǸ¦ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ESD ÈÄ ÀýÁ¦Ç¥º»¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º´¸® ¼ö°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Á¤ºÎ °í½Ã°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ESD ÀýÁ¦ Ç¥º»À» ¾Ç¼º Áúȯ°ú ¾ç¼º Áúȯ¿¡ µû¶ó Äڵ带 ´Þ¸®ÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ESD ÈÄ ¾ÏÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Í ºÁ¾ß ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀε¥ ¶Ç ESD Àü ½Ã¼ú¿¡ µû¶ó °¡°ÝÀ» ´Þ¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö ÀÌ·± ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» °è¼Ó ¸¸µé °ÍÀÎÁö ÇѽÉÇϱ⠱×Áö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1)

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.