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[Ulcer or ulceration in ESD] - ðû
Position statement on ulcer in the evaluation of EGC (2025-6-17. ÀÌÁØÇà) |
Àú´Â ´Ã °í¹ÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. EGC III ó·³ ¸í¹éÇÑ cratered ulcer(¼¾ç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÔ´Ï´Ù)´Â ulcer¶ó°í ºÎ¸¨´Ï´Ù. EGC IIcó·³ ¾èÀº ÇÔ¸ôºÎ´Â shallow ulcer ¶Ç´Â deep erosionÀ̶ó ºÎ¸¨´Ï´Ù. ³í¸®ÀûÀ̾î¾ß Çϰí politically safe ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í ±ÝÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚ°¡ ¼ÕÇØº¸¸é ¾È µÇ¹Ç·Î »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Fold ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇϰí, cratered ulcer´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ±×·¡µµ ulcerative lesionÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ¿¡ ÁØÇÑ Ä¡·á¸¦ ÇØ¾ß °Ú´Ù(= ¼ö¼úÀ» º¸³»¾ß°Ú´Ù)°í »ý°¢µÇ¸é ¶ä±Ý¾øÀÌ ulcer findingÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» ¾¹´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸»Çϸé ESD¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°À¸¸é ulcer¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÇÇÇϰí, ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°À¸¸é ulcer ȤÀº ulcer findingÀ̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿äÄÁµ¥ À°¾È¼Ò°ß¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© Á߸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ë¾î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¸é µÇ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌ°Í Àú°Í ¸ðµÎ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±âÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï °ñ¶ó ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»¾¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÖÀϱî¿ä? ClearÇÑ Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´©±¸³ª µ¿ÀÇÇϰí practically Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àü¹®°¡µé¸¶´Ù Àڱ⠹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ë¾î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÇÇп¡´Â ÀÌ·± °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ScienceÀ̸鼵µ artÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Science ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Ã¥À¸·Î ¹è¿ï ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¼±»ý°ú ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â ±ä ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µµÁ¦±³À°°ú ³¡¾ø´Â Åä·Ð. ÀÇÇÐÀº ÀÌ·± °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ°í ¹ßÀüÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
1. Ulcer, ulcerative lesion, ulcer findings, ulcer scar µî ¿ë¾îÀÇ È¥¼±
¿ì¸®´Â ÀÇÇÐ ¿ë¾î°¡ ¾ö¹ÐÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÀÇµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ºñ½ÁÇÑ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ» ±â´ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àý´ë ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤Àǰ¡ Àְųª (= Á¤Àǰ¡ ¿©·¯°³¶ó´Â ¸»Àº Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù), ¾Æ¿¹ Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾ø´Â »óÅ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿ë¾î°¡ Á¦¹ý ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼´Â ulcer°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ulcer, ulcerative lesion, ulcer findings, ulcer scar, UL (+) µî ¸¹Àº ¿ë¾î°¡ ±×¾ß¸»·Î ´ë° ¾²À̰í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ulcer ȤÀº ulcer finding¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸¸¦ º¸¸é ±× ºóµµ°¡ õÂ÷¸¸º°ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÆÇÁ¤ ±âÁØÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â À̾߱âÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾È¼ö¹Î ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ ¸î °³ÀÇ ÀڷḦ º¸¿©Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. UlcerÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ 4%ºÎÅÍ 57.4%±îÁö Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¯¸íÇÑ 2020³â Gotoda ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ ulcer findingÀÇ ºóµµ´Â mucosal cancer¿¡¼ 57.4%, submucosal cancer¿¡¼ 61.5%¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Á¡¸·¾Ï°ú Á¡¸·ÇϾϿ¡¼ ulcer findingÀÌ Àý¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº Gotoda ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ ulcer findingÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â Àû¾îµµ ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ulcer¿Í´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùÀ̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÇØ´ç ³í¹®¿¡´Â ulcer finding¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Àǰ¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇÑ ÀϺ» ¿¬±¸(Watari 2016)¿¡¼ UL (+), UL (-)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î°¡ ¾²À̰í Àִµ¥ Ç¥¿¡¼´Â ulcer scar¶ó´Â ¸»·Î ¹Ù²ã Ç¥ÇöÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ÅÀÇ °°Àº Àǹ̷Π¾²ÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸² 3¿¡¼´Â ulcer (scar)¶ó°í scar¸¦ °ýÈ£·Î °¨½Î°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® »ý°¢¿¡ ulcer¿Í ulcer scar´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀε¥ µµ´ëü ¾î¼¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÎÁö Çѱ¹ÀÇ »ó½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼ º´¸®¸¦ Á¤´äÀ¸·Î ³»½Ã°æ À°¾È¼Ò°ß¿¡ µû¸¥ ulcer ¿©ºÎ ÆÇÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
º´¸®¸¦ Á¤´äÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ¸é ³»½Ã°æÀÇ ulcer Á¤´ä·üÀº ±×´ÙÁö ³ôÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
2. 2021³â ÀϺ» À§¾Ï °¡À̵å¶óÀο¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ UL1°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ºÎºÐ
Histological predominance and intratumoral ulcerative fndings (UL)
A tumor consisting of components of both diferentiatedtype and undiferentiated-type carcinoma is, nevertheless, classifed into one of the two types according to the quantitative predominance. In addition, when more than one histological type is found in a tumor, all histological types are to be recorded in the order of quantitative predominance, e.g., tub2>tub1. The diagnosis of UL1 is principally made based on the histological evidence of ulcerative fndings. However, the histological diagnosis of UL is sometimes difcult because of a biopsy-derived scar. Thus, endoscopic and/or radiological evidence should also be taken into consideration when making a conclusive diagnosis. A biopsy-derived scar is usually observed histologically as fbrosis restricted to small areas just beneath the muscularis mucosae. If it cannot be discriminated from the ulcer scar, it should be classifed as UL1.
2021 ÀϺ» À§¾Ï °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ 6thÀÇ ÁÂÃø º´¸® ºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ULÀÇ °áÁ¤Àº principally º´¸®¿¡ µû¸¥´Ù°í µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½Ã¼ú Àü ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß¿¡¼µµ ¹öÁ£ÀÌ ULÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
2021 ÀϺ» À§¾Ï °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ 6thÀÇ Indication º° ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ ºÎºÐ.
UL1Àº histology Áø´ÜÀε¥ Àß ¸ð¸£°ÚÀ¸¸é endoscopy³ª radiology¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â º´¸®ÀÇ»çµéÀÇ Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. (ÀϺ»Àº º´¸® ÀÇ»çµéÀÇ power°¡ ¸·°ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) ±×·¯³ª ESD candidate¸¦ Á¤ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â º´¸®°¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ßÀ» µû¸¦ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ µµ´ëü ulcerative findings°¡ ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä?
3. 2023³â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó º´¸® °¡À̵å¶óÀο¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ulcer°ü·Ã ³»¿ë
Ulceration is defined as a full-thickness disruption of muscularis mucosae, both active and scarring, and determined by histological findings, not endoscopic findings. The presence or absence of an ulcer is an important criterion for judging whether an endoscopic resection is curative in mucosal cancer, so it must be described in the pathology report for mucosal cancer. Because ulcers are included in the indications for an endoscopic resection, the presence of ulcers is determined by endoscopic findings. Ultimately, however, it must be confirmed by pathological examination findings of the resected specimen. Endoscopic diagnosis is difficult in the absence of a mucosal break, and ulcer-negative endoscopy findings with ulcer-positive pathology findings were reported in 4.6%-5.5% of cases.
Another problem that occurs in practice is a lack of clarity in the criteria for differentiating original small ulcers from biopsy-induced changes after endoscopic biopsy in a case that did not originally have ulcers. Due to the low accuracy of ulcer determination in endoscopic findings, a finding of no ulcer during endoscopy cannot guarantee a biopsy-induced change. Diagnostic criteria for this have been suggested by Shimoda et al., and the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines describe this as follows: ¡°A biopsy-derived scar is usually observed histologically as fibrosis restricted to small areas just beneath the muscularis mucosae. If it cannot be discriminated from the ulcer scar, it should be classified as UL1.¡±
According to JCOG1009/1010, a clinical study on undifferentiated-type EGC: ¡°UL was judged as present if the muscularis propria was completely disrupted and if fibrosis in the submucosal layer was observed to be wider than the range of disrupted muscularis propria.¡±. In our study group, ulcer size was measured in the ongoing GIPSG study on the criteria for curative resection, and the possibility of offering differentiation criteria for this problem was investigated. We found that the risk of lymph node metastasis with an ulcer of 4 mm or less was the same as in cases with no ulcer. Using that criterion, very small ulcers can be excluded from the risk factors for lymph node metastasis, which removes the need to differentiate them from biopsy-induced changes. The grading of ulcer size is reflected as a conditional element. The method for measuring the size of an ulcer is similar to that used to measure the submucosal invasion width. If an ulcer (full-thickness disruption of the muscularis mucosae) is observed on only one section, write the actual size measured on the slide. If it is observed across two or more slices, write the larger of the following two values: (1) the actual size measured on the slide with the largest disruption size or (2) the number of slices spanned by the disruption¡¿2 mm (thickness of slice). The ulcer size is measured only within the tumor. If the ulcer spans the tumor and surrounding mucosa, measure the ulcer size only within the tumor area.
°°Àº º´¸® °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÇ ESD report formÀ» º¸¸é ´õ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ºÎºÐµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 4mm ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º»¹®À» Àо¸é Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¯È¸¦ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ À§Çè¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŰÁö ¾Ê±â À§ÇÑ ³ë·Â °°½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.
Web symposium¿¡¼ ºñ½ÁÇÑ Áõ·Ê¸¦ ÅäÀÇÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ¾î ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ È¯ÀÚ´Â MM ¾ÏÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.