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EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ±³½Ç
[¿øÃæ]
1. ¿øÃæ ÀϹÝ
±âº»±¸Á¶
- ÇÙ: °¡¿îµ¥ÀÇ karyosome°ú ÇÙ¸· ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡ ¹è¿ÇÏ´Â chromatin particle¿¡ À¯ÀüÀÚ(+)
- ¼¼Æ÷Áú
- ³»¼¼Æ÷Áú(endoplasm): food vacuole, contractile vacuole, chromatoidal body...
- ¿Ü¼¼Æ÷Áú(ectoplasm): cyst wallÀÇ Çü¼º, À§Á·, Æí¸ð(¿îµ¿ÇÙ(kinetoplast)¿¡¼ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ±æ°Ô µ¹Ãâ), ¼¶¸ð, cytostome(cell mouth), cytopyge(cell anus)
ºÐ·ù
Á¤ÀÇ: ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ ȤÀº ¹«¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹° Áß¿¡¼ ÇÙÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¿îµ¿¼ºÀ» °¡Áø ¿ø»ý»ý¹°±º, Kingdom ProtistaÀÇ ¾Æ°è Áß Subkingdom Protozoa·Î ºÐ·ù
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora (À°ÁúÆí¸ðÃæ¹®)
- Subphylum Sarcodina (À°ÁúÃæ¾Æ¹®)
- Family Entamoebidae: Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodoamoeba
- Subphylum Mastigophora Diesing (Æí¸ðÃæ¾Æ¹®)
- Family Hexamitidae: Giardia
- Family Trichomonadidae: Trichomonas
- Family Trypanosomatidae: Leishmania(sand fly°¡ ¸Å°³), Trypanosoma (tsetse fly°¡ ¸Å°³)
- Phylum Apicomplexa (÷º¹Æ÷ÀÚÃæ¹®): ÷º¹Ã¼(apical complex; ÃæüÀÇ ÇÑÂÊ ³¡¿¡ polar ring, rhoptries, micronemes, conoids, subpellicular microtubule µîÀÌ ¸ð¿©¼ ÀÌ·ç´Â ±¸Á¶¹°·Î ÃæüÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷³» ħÀÔ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù.)¿Í ¹Ì¼¼°ø(micropore)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. > Class Sporozoea > Subclass Coccidia
- Family Cryptosorididae: Cryptosporidium
- Family Eimeriidae: Imeria, Isospora
- Family Sarcocystidae: Sarcocystis(¹«Áõ»óÀÌ ¸¹°í ¹Ì¿, ¼³»ç , segmental necrotizing enteritis), Toxoplasma(°í¾çÀÌ°¡ Á¾¼÷ÁÖÀÌ°í ¹ÙÄû°¡ ¸Å°³ÇÑ´Ù)
- Family Plasmodiidae: Plasmodium
- Family Babesiidae: Babesia(Áøµå±â°¡ ¸Å°³ÇÏ°í ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ·Î ¿ÀÀεǴ ¿¹°¡ ¸¹´Ù)
- Phylum Microspora (¹ÌÆ÷ÀÚÃæ¹®): Pneumocystis
- Phylum Ciliophora (¼¶¸ðÃæ¹®): Balantidium
»ý½Ä¹æ¹ý
- ´Ü¼øºÐ¿Áõ½Ä
- À̺йý (binary fission)
- ¹æÇ⼺ÀÌ ¾ø´Â Á¾·ù: ¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù
- ÀåÃàÀ» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ºÐ¿: Æí¸ðÃæ
- Àûµµ¸é¿¡¼ ºÐ¿: ¼¶¸ðÃæ
- ³»ºÎÃâ¾Æ¹ý (endodyogeny; À̺йýÀÇ º¯ÇüµÈ ÇüÅ·ΠÃæü³»¿¡¼ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ »õ·Î¿î 2°³ÀÇ °³Ã¼°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¾î ¸ðÃæü¸¦ ±ú°í ÅÍÁ® ³ª¿È):Toxoplasma gondii
- ´ÙºÐ¹ý (multiple fission):Cryptosporidium, Imeria, Isospora, Sarcocystis, Plasmodium µîÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Æ÷ÀÚÃæÀÇ ¹«¼º»ý½Ä±â
- À¯¼º»ý½Ä°ú ¹«¼º»ý½ÄÀÇ ±³´ë: Æ÷ÀÚÃæ·ù´Â ¹«¼º»ý½Ä°ú À¯¼º»ý½ÄÀÌ ±³´ë¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. À¯¼º»ý½ÄÀº À¯¼º»ý½Ä±â(gametogony; ¾ç¼º »ý½Ä¸ð¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÇÕÃÄÁü)¿Í Æ÷ÀÚ»ý½Ä±â(sporogony; Á¢ÇÕü(zygote)¿¡¼ ´ÙºÐ¿À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ sporozoite¸¦ ¸¸µë)·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.
¿µ¾ç¼·Ãë¹æ½Ä
ÀÚÀ¯»ýÈ° ¿øÃæÀº À¯»ê¼Ò´ë»ç, ±â»ý¿øÃæÀº ¹«»ê¼Ò´ë»ç.
- simple diffusion (´Ü¼øÈ®»ê)
- pinocytosis (´Éµ¿Èí¼ö): ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾×ü¸¦ Èí¼ö
- phagocytosis (Ž½Ä): °íÇü¹°Ã¼¸¦ ¸Ô¾î¼ ¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡¼ ¼ÒÈ
- suctorial tentacle: ´Éµ¿Èí¼öÀÇ °¡Àå Àß ¹ß´ÞÇÑ ÇüÅ·μ microtubuleÀÌ ¿©·¯°³ ¸ð¿©¼ ±¸¼ºÇÑ ½Ç¸°´õ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Àڱ⺸´Ù µ¢Ä¡°¡ ´õ Å« ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ºÎÂøÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷¸·¿¡ ±¸¸ÛÀ» ³»°í ¼¼Æ÷ÁúÀ» »¡¾Æ¸Ô´Â °Í.
cyst ¿Í trophozoite
»ý½Ä¸ñÀûÀÇ Æ÷³¶: Æ÷³¶½Ã±â¿¡ Çٺп·Î °³Ã¼°¡ Áõ½ÄÇÑ´Ù. glycogen°ú ¿îµ¿±â°üÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. ¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù¿Í ÀϺΠÆí¸ðÃæ
º¸È£¸ñÀûÀÇ Æ÷³¶: ŰƾÁú·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÌÁö¸¸ ÇüÅÂÇÐÀûÀÎ º¯È°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.
- Æ÷³¶ÇüÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì:(1)¿µ¾çºÐÀÇ ºÎÁ·,°ú´Ù, (2)´ë»ç»ê¹°ÀÇ °ú´Ù, (3)»êµµÀÇ ½ÉÇÑ º¯È, (4)°ÇÁ¶, (5)»ê¼ÒÀÇ °ú´Ù, ºÎÁ·, (6)°³Ã¼ÀÇ °ú¹ÐÁõ½Ä
- Å»³¶ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎ: (1)»ïÅõ¾ÐÀÇ º¯È, (2)³¶º®¾ÈÂÊÀÇ È¿¼ÒÀÛ¿ë, (3)¿øÃæÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ È¿¼ÒÀÛ¿ë, (4)¿ÜºÎÀÇ ¿Âµµ,»êµµ,È¿¼ÒÀÛ¿ë
Æ÷³¶Çü¼ºÀÇ ¿øÀÎ
(1)¿µ¾çºÐÀÇ ºÎÁ·,°ú´Ù, (2)´ë»ç»ê¹°ÀÇ °ú´Ù, (3)»êµµÀÇ ½ÉÇÑ º¯È, (4)°ÇÁ¶, (5)»ê¼ÒÀÇ °ú´Ù, ºÎÁ·, (6)°³Ã¼ÀÇ °ú¹ÐÁõ½Ä
°¨¿°Çü
- trophozoite
- cyst & oocyst
- sporozoite
±â»ýºÎÀ§
- ¼¼Æ÷³»: ¿¿øÃæ, ¹Ùº£½º¿¿øÃæ, Åå¼ÒÆ÷ÀÚÃæ, ¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ, ¿ÍÆ÷ÀÚÃæ, Å©·ç½ºÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ
- ¼¼Æ÷¸·: ¶÷ºíÆí¸ðÃæ, ÆóÆ÷ÀÚÃæ
- Á¶Á÷³»: ÀÌÁú¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù, °¡½Ã¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù
- ü°³»: ´ëÀå¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù, ÁúÆí¸ðÃæ
- Ç÷¾×,¸²ÇÁ,³úô¼ö¾×: °¨ºñ¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ, ·Îµ¥½Ã¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ
º´ÀηÐ
- ¹ß¿ - Kala azar, sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease
- ¼³»ç - Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Kala azar, Cryptosporidium, Isocpora belli, Cyclospora spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantidium coli
- ºóÇ÷ - Kala azar, Chagas' disease, malaria
- ¼ö¸·³ú¿° - Naegleria fowleri, sleeping sickness, Chaga's disease, falciparum malaria
- °£ºñÁ¾´ë - Kala azar, sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, malaria
2. ÀÌÁú¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba histolytica)
»ç¶÷¿¡¼ °üÂûµÇ´Â ¾Æ¸Þ¹ÙÀÇ À̸§
- ÀÌÁú¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba histolytica)
- ´ëÀå¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba coli): (1)Æ÷³¶ÇüÀÌ Å©°í (2)ÇÙÀÌ 8°³. (3)³¡ÀÌ ³¯Ä«·Î¿î chromatoidal body.(4) karyosomeÀÌ Á¤Áß¾Ó¿¡¼ ¾à°£ Ä¡¿ìÃÄ ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°Ô °üÂûµÇ´Â Á¾·ùÀÌ´Ù.
- ÀÕ¸ö¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba gingivalis)
- ÀÛÀº¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba hartmanni): ÀÌÁú¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù¿Í °°Àº ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª Å©±â°¡ ÀÛÀº °Í.
- µ¿Çü¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba dispar)
- ¿Ö¼Ò¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Endolimax nana)
- ¿äµå¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Iodoamoeba butschlii):Å« ±Û¸®ÄÚ°Õ µ¢¾î¸®
- ÀÌÇپƸ޹٠(Dientamoeba fragilis): ¿µ¾çÇüÀÇ ÇÙÀÌ µÎ°³
- Blastocystis hominis: º´¿ø¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
³× ½Ã±â·Î ³ª´©¾îÁö´Â »ýÈ°»ç
- ¿µ¾çÇü (trophozoite): central karyosome, ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ peripheral chromatin
- Æ÷³¶Àü±â (precyst): ¿µ¾çÇüÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ µÐÈµÇ°í µÕ±Û°Ô ¹¶Ä¡¸ç °ú¸³À̳ª °øÆ÷°¡ Ãà¼Ò, ¼Ò½Ç
- Æ÷³¶Çü (cyst): Ãʱ⿡´Â Å«ÇÙ 1°³, ±Û¸®ÄÚ°Õ µ¢¾î¸®, ³¡ÀÌ ¹¶ÅöÇÑ chromatoidal body°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ü°è¿¡¼ ÇٺпÀ» ÇÏ¿© 4°³ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÇÙÀ» °¡Áö´Â °¨¿°Çü Æ÷³¶À¸·Î ¼º¼÷Çϴµ¥ ±Û¸®ÄÚ°Õ µ¢¾î¸®, chromatoidal body´Â ¼Ò½ÇµÈ´Ù.
- Æ÷³¶Èıâ (metacyst): ¼ÒÀå»óºÎ¿¡¼ Å»³¶ÇÑ ÃʱâÀÇ ¿µ¾çÇüÀ» ¸»Çϸç Á¶Á÷À» ħÀÔÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ¶Ù¾î³ª´Ù.
ÀüÆÄ°æ·Î
ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¼öÀμº Àü¿°º´ÀÌ¸ç °¨¿°ÇüÀº 4ÇÙ¼º Æ÷³¶. (1)Æ÷³¶¿¡ ¿À¿°µÈ ¹°, À½½Ä (2)°¨¿°ÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ Á÷Á¢Á¢ÃË¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °¨¿°µÈ´Ù. Æ÷³¶ÀÇ ¿À¿°¿øÀº cyst carrierÀÌ°í ¿©ÇàÀÚ¼³»çÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡¼ ÃÖ±Ù Æ÷³¶¾ç¼º·üÀº 0.1-0.5%ÀÌÁö¸¸ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÀÌÁú¾Æ¸Þ¹ÙÀÇ °¨¿°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í µ¿Çü¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù (Entamoeba dispar)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°ÀÌ´Ù.
º´ÀηÐ
ÁÖ ±â»ýºÎÀ§´Â ¸ÍÀå, Á÷Àå, SÇü °áÀå.
- Àå»óÇǼ¼Æ÷¿¡ ºÎÂøÇϱâ À§ÇÑ 170°ú 35 kDaÀÎ lectin ¼ö¿ëü
- amoebapore(pore forming protein)¸¦ ºÐºñÇÏ¿© »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¸·À» Æı«.
- cystein proteinase: ¼¼Æ÷¿Í °£ÁúÃþÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» Æı«ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå °·ÂÇÑ ¹«±â
- À§Á·°ú tentacle·Î Å«¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ÁúÀ» »¡¾Æ ¸Ô´Â´Ù.
- Çöó½ºÅ©ÇüÀÇ ±Ë¾ç ÁÖÀ§¿¡ À°¾ÆÁ¶Á÷°ú ¼¶À¯Á¶Á÷. amoeboma.
Àå³»¿¡¼´Â ¹«»ê¼Ò ´ë»ç¸¦ ¿µÀ§Çϸç Ç÷¾×¼Ó¿¡¼´Â À¯»ê¼Ò´ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°í superoxide dismutase°¡ È°¼ºÈµÈ´Ù.
Áø´Ü
´ÜŬ·ÐÇ×ü¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´ëº¯³»ÀÇ Ç׿ø(coproantigen)À» °ËÃâÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
Ä¡·á
metronidazole, tinidazole, ordinazole
metronidazoleÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ë: À§Àå°ü ÀÚ±Ø, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, ¹éÇ÷±¸°¨¼Ò, ¼ú°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¼úµ¶ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ½ÉÇØÁø´Ù. tetrogenicÇϹǷΠÀÓ»êºÎ¿¡¼´Â ±Ý±â.
10. ÀÚÀ¯»ýÈ°¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù
Á¾·ù
- Family Acanthamoebidae - ª°í »ÏÁ·ÇÑ À§Á·(acanthopodia)À» °¡Áü
- Acanthamoeba spp.; ¿µ¾çÇüÀÌ 45um·Î Å©°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼µµ Æ÷³¶À» ¸¸µç´Ù.
- Hartmannella spp.
- Family Schizopyrenida
- Naegleria fowleri (ÆÄ¿ï·¯ÀÚÀ¯¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù); ¿µ¾çÇüÀÌ 7-20um·Î ÀÛ°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶Á÷³»¿¡¼´Â Æ÷³¶À» ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ³ôÀº ¿Âµµ¿¡¼ Àß ÀÚ¶ó¸ç ¼ö¿ÂÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸é ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î Æí¸ð¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
°¨¿°°æ·Î
ÇǺÎ, »ó±âµµ, °á¸·
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE; À°¾ÆÁ¾¼º ¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù¼º ³ú¿°)
lymphoproliferative disorders, chemotherapy, glucocorticoid therapy, lupus erythematosus, AIDS¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸é¿ªÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÈ »ç¶÷¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Acanthamoeba spp.¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ indolent courseÀÇ ³úº´º¯. ºñ°À̳ª »ó±âµµÀÇ Á¡¸·À» ÅëÇÏ¿© hematogenous disseminationÀ¸·Î °¨¿°µÇ°í ³ú¾ÐÀ» ¿Ã¸®´Â space occupying lesionÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿© ¼¼È÷ ³ú¿°À̳ª ³ú¼ö¸·¿°ÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ »ý±â°í ´ëºÎºÐ È¥¼ö ÈÄ¿¡ »ç¸Á. lumbar puncture¿¡¼ trophozoite¸¦ °üÂûÇϸé È®ÁøÀÌ µÇÁö¸¸ ³ú¾ÐÀÌ ³ô¾Æ À§Çè. CT¿¡¼ [cortical and subcortical lesions of decreased density consistent with embolic infarcts]ÀÇ ¼Ò°ßÀ» º¸ÀÓ. µ¿¹°¿¡¼´Â rifampinÀÌ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ »ç¸Á.
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM; ¿ø¹ß¼º ¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù¼º ¼ö¸·³ú¿°)
°Ç°ÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷ÀÌ °À̳ª È£¼ö¿¡¼ ¼ö¿µÇÑ 2-3ÀÏ ÈÄ meningitis, seizure¸¦ ÇÏ´Â º´À¸·Î Naegleria fowleri°¡ ¿øÀÎ. nasal mucosa¿Í cribriform plate¸¦ ¶Õ°í °¨¿°ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. CSF´Â ¹éÇ÷±¸°¡ ¸¹°í ´Ü¹éÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸ç ´çÀÌ ³·¾Æ ¼¼±Õ¼º ³ú¼ö¸·¿°°ú °°Àº ¼Ò°ßÀÌ°í motile trophozoite°¡ º¸ÀδÙ. Ç×ü´Â Á¤»óÀο¡¼µµ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î Ç÷û°Ë»ç´Â µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. amphotericin B and rifampin·Î Ä¡·áµÈ ¿¹°¡ ¸î ÀÖÀ¸³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀº »ç¸ÁÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÚÀ¯»ýÈ° ¾Æ¸Þ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÓ»ó»ó
- Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis¿Í Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
- ÄÜÅÃÆ®·»Á »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼ °¢¸·¿°
- ÇǺα˾ç
11. ¶÷ºíÆí¸ðÃæ (Giardia lamblia)
ÇüÅÂÇÐ
¿µ¾çÇüÀº ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå¿¡¼ ±â»ýÇÏ¸ç ¶óÄÏÇüÀÌ°í µÎ°³ÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ Èí¹ÝÀ» °¡Áö¸ç ³×½ÖÀÇ Æí¸ð°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¾çÇüÀÌ ³¶º®À» µÚÁý¾î ¾²¸é cyst°¡ µÇ°í ´ëº¯À¸·Î ³ª¿À´Â 4ÇÙ(ÇÙÀÌ ÇÑÂÊÀ¸·Î ¸ô·ÁÀÖ´Ù)ÀÇ Æ÷³¶ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °¨¿°ÇüÀÌ´Ù.
¿ªÇÐÀû Ư¼º
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÈçÈ÷ °üÂûµÇ´Â Àå³»±â»ýÃæÀ¸·Î ±¹³»¿¡¼ Æ÷³¶ ¾ç¼º·üÀº 0.5%ÀÌ´Ù. ¿©Ç༺ ¼³»çÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ À©ÀÎÀÌ¸ç ¼öÀμºÀ¸·Î °¨¿°µÈ´Ù.
±â»ýºÎÀ§
½ÊÀÌÁöÀå. ´ã°üÀ̳ª ´ã³¶.
ÁÖ¿äÁõ»ó
Àå³»¿¡¼ ±â»ýÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ Æí¸ðÃæÀ¸·Î Èí¹ÝÀ¸·Î Á¡¸·Ç¥¸é¿¡ ºÙ¾î¼ ±â»ýÇÑ´Ù. Ãæü°¡ ºÐ¿Áõ½ÄÇÏ¿© ¼ÒÀåÁ¡¸·À» µ¤À¸¸é ¼³»ç, Áö¹æº¯À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ³¿»õ°¡ ½ÉÇÏ°í ¾ÇÃëÀÇ °¡½º¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ´Ù. Ç÷º¯À̳ª Áö¹æº¯Àº ¾ø´Ù(not dysentery)
Áö¹æº¯ÀÇ ¹ß»ý±âÀü
- Á¡¸·Ç¥¸éÀÇ ±â°èÀûÀÎ ÀÌ»ó
- À¶¸ðÀÇ À§Ãà
- Àå»óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ turnoverÀÇ Áõ°¡
- brush borderÀÇ ¼Õ»ó ¹× ¹Ì¼¼À¶¸ð¸· È¿¼ÒÈ°¼ºÀÇ °¨¼Ò
- bile salt deconjugation
- bacterial overgrowth
- PG release Áõ°¡
Áø´Ü°ú Ä¡·á
¼³»ç°¡ ½ÉÇÒ¶§´Â ¿µ¾çÇü°ú Æ÷³¶ÀÌ, °íÇüº¯À϶§´Â Æ÷³¶ÀÌ ¹èÃâµÈ´Ù. ºñ±³Àû Æ÷³¶ÀÇ ¹èÃâÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. metronidazole 250 mg tid for 5-10 days.
12. ÁúÆí¸ðÃæ (Trichomonas vaginalis)
»ç¶÷¿¡ ±â»ýÇÏ´Â ¼¼¸ðÆí¸ðÃæ
- ÁúÆí¸ðÃæ (Trichomonas vaginalis)
- ±¸°Æí¸ðÃæ (Trichomonas tenax) : ±¸°ÀÇ ¿°ÁõºÎÀ§¿¡¼ ÈçÈ÷ °üÂûµÊ
- Àå¼¼¸ðÆí¸ðÃæ (Trichomonas hominis) : ¸ÍÀå¿¡ ±â°Å, º´¿ø¼º (-)
Áõ»ó
´ëÇÏ, °¡·Á¿òÁõ, ¿äÅë, Áú¿°, cervical erosion, postpartum endometritis
Áø´Ü
ÁúºÐºñ¹°À̳ª Àü¸³¼±¸¶»çÁö¾×À» µµ¸», °üÂû
Ä¡·á¿øÄ¢
¹è¿ìÀÚµµ ÇÔ²² Ä¡·áÇÑ´Ù.
¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ ¾àÁ¦
metronidazole 250 mg tid for 7 days
15. ¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ (Leishmaniasis)
¿øÃæÀÇ ºÐ·ù¿Í ÀÓ»ó»ó
- cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Leishmania tropica (¿´ë¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - oriental sore (dry or urban type): Á÷°æ 2-10mmÀÇ °áÀý, Áß¾ÓºÎÀÇ ±Ë¾ç, »ïÃâ¾×ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. antimony(Pentostam), quinacrine, levamisole, amphotericin B, metronidazole, rifampicin...
- L. major (Å«¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - oriental sore (wet or rural type) : µ¿¹°ÀÇ º´¿øü·Î »ç¶÷Àº ¿ì¿¬°¨¿°µÈ´Ù. º´ÀÇ °æ°ú°¡ ºü¸£°í »ïÃâ¾×ÀÌ ¸¹°í ±Ë¾çÀÌ ´õ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù. antimony, amphotericin B, quinacrine...
- L. aethiopica (À̵ð¿ÀÇǾƸ®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis : ´ÜÀϺ´º¯º¸´Ù´Â ÇǺΰáÀý ¿©·¯°³°¡ ¸ð¿© Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÇǺÎÁõ»óÀ» º¸À̹ǷΠ³ªº´°ú °¨º°ÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¾ÈƼ¸óÁ¦Á¦¿¡ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾î Amphtericin B¸¦ 3ÁÖ°¡ Åõ¿©.
- cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis : ÁÖ·Î Áß³²¹Ì¿¡ ºÐÆ÷, º´¼Ò´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î oriental sore¿Í °°°í Á¡¸·, ¿¬°ñ±îÁö ħ¹üÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
- L. mexicana (¸ß½ÃÄÚ¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - chiclero ulcer
- L. braziliensis (ºê¶óÁú¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - espundia
- visceral leishmaniasis (È濺´, Kala-azar, dum-dum fever, black fever) : ±â»ýÃæ ÁúȯÁß Ä¡»çÀ²ÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô´Ù. Àεµ, ¹æ±Û¶óµ¥½Ã, ÁöÁßÇØ ¿¬¾È, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ µî ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷. '°³'°¡ ÀÚ¿¬°³ÀÇ º¸À¯¼÷ÁÖ
- L. donovani (³»À帮½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - Kala-azar (over 10 years)
- L. infantum (¼Ò¾Æ¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - infantile kala-azar, oronasal kala-azar
- L. chagasi (»þ°¡½º¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ) - infantile kala-azar
»ýÈ°»ç
Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÇ RES¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷Áú ¼Ó¿¡¼ ½Ä°øÆ÷(parasitophorous vacuole)À» ¸¸µé°í ±× ¾È¿¡¼ ¹«Æí¸ð ½Ã±âÀÎ amastigote·Î ºÐ¿Áõ½Ä - ¸Å°³°ïÃæÀÎ ³ª¹æÆĸ®°úÀÇ sand fly(Phlebotomus sp.)¿¡¼ Æĵ¿¸·ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ Æí¸ð°¡ µ¹ÃâÇÑ promastigote·Î ¼ºÀåÇÑ´Ù.
¹ßº´±âÀü°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¼÷ÁÖÀÇ ¸é¿ª±âÀü
³»À帮½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæÁõ¿¡¼ °¨¿°µÈ ´ÜÇÙ±¸´Â IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta ¸¦ ºÐºñÇÏ¿© Th2¼¼Æ÷°¡ Áõ½ÄÇÏ°í IL-12¿Í interferon-gamma´Â ºÐºñÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ Th1¼¼Æ÷´Â Áõ½ÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¼¼Æ÷¸é¿ªº¸´Ù´Â ü¾×¸é¿ªÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿© Ãæü°¡ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¸øÇÏ°í Àü½ÅÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁø´Ù. Balb/c mouse¿¡¼´Â ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °úÁ¤À¸·Î Ãæü°¡ ÁÖÀÔºÎÀ§¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇ¾î ÇǺα˾縸 ÀϾÙ. L. major (Å«¸®½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæ)¿¡¼´Â »ç¶÷°ú Balb/c mouse°¡ À§¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷¿¡¼´Â ÇǺα˾çÀÌ, Áã¿¡¼´Â Àü½ÅÀûÀÎ ÁúȯÀÌ ÀϾÙ.
³»À帮½´¸¸Æí¸ðÃæÁõ
º¸À¯¼÷ÁÖ´Â ¾ß»ýÀ̳ª °¡Á¤ÀÇ °³°¡ °¡Àå Áß¿ä. (1)¿©·¯ ³»ÀåÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±Ë»ç, (2)hyperslenism, (3)monocytosis, (4)°ñ¼öħ¹ü¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ pancytopenia, (5)ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀÎ °¨¿°ÀÇ Áõ°¡ µîÀÇ ¼Ò°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. Àẹ±â´Â 3°³¿ùÀ̸ç Ư¡ÀûÀÎ Áõ¼¼´Â (1)40µµ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °í¿, (2)ºóÇ÷, (3)ÀúÇ÷±¸Áõ, (4)ÇÇºÎ¿Í °ñ¸·ÀÇ ºÎÁ¾, (5)°£ºñÁ¾´ë, (6)ÃâÇ÷, (7)¼³»ç, (8)Àü½Å¼è¾à, (9)Àü½ÅÀÇ ¸²ÇÁÀýÁ¾´ë, (10)hyperpigmentation µîÀÌ´Ù. Ä¡·áÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ´ë°³ ÀÌÂ÷°¨¿°À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ°í Ä¡·á°¡ ºÒÃæºÐÇϸé post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis°¡ ¹ß»ý.
Ç÷¾×º¸´Ù´Â °ñ¼ö³ª ¸²ÇÁÀý »ý°Ë µîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© amastigote¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇϸé Áø´Ü. antimony, pentamidine, amphotericin B µîÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á.
21. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ¼ö¸éº´ (African trypanosomiasis, African sleeping sickness)
µÎ°¡Áö ¿øÀÎ À©Ãæ
- °¨ºñ¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ (Trypanosoma (brucei) gambiense): ÁÖ·Î »ç¶÷¿¡¼ »ç¶÷¿¡·Î °¨¿°, ¸¸¼º°æ°ú
- ·Îµ¥½Ã¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ (Trypanosoma (brucei) rhodesiense): Àμö°øÅë°¨¿°Áõ(zoonosis), Ä¡¸í·üÀÌ ³ô´Ù.
À¯ÇàÁö¿ª
¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« »çÇ϶ó »ç¸· À̳² ºÏÀ§ 10µµ¿Í ³²À§ 25µµ »çÀÌÀÇ ¿´ë, ¾Æ¿´ëÁö¹æÀÇ Ç³Å亴. °¨ºñ¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæÀº ÁÖ·Î ¼ºÎ, ÁߺΠ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ·Îµ¥½Ã¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæÀº ÁÖ·Î Áßµ¿ºÎÀÇ ºòÅ丮¾Æ È£¼ö ÁÖº¯°ú µ¿³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«.
Ç¥¸éÇ׿ø¼ºÀÌ º¯ÀÌ¿Í ¸¸¼º°æ°ú
ÃæüÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¸·À» µ¤°í Àִ ǥ¸é´Ü¹éÁúÀº VSG (variant surface glycoprotein)À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥ N-terminalÀÇ 400°³ÀÇ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÏ¿© VAT (variant antigenic type)À» °¡Áø´Ù. 104 - 105 ºÐ¿ Áß ÇϳªÀÇ ºóµµ·Î »õ·Î¿î Ç׿ø¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â Ãæü°¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¸ÕÀú Áõ½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø Ãæü°¡ ´Ù·® ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â Áõ½ÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡ ¼÷ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼¾×¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Ç÷¾×¼ÓÀÇ Ãæü¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇϸé Áõ½ÄÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç׿ø¼ºÀÇ º¯À̸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¼÷ÁÖ¸¦ Á×ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼ Ãæüµµ ¼÷ÁÖ¼Ó¿¡ ¿À·¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù(¸¸¼º°æ°ú).
¿ªÇÐÀû Ư¼º
Glossina ¼Ó¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ°í ¾Ï,¼ö ¸ðµÎ ÈíÇ÷Çϴ üüÆĸ®(tsetse fly)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸Å°³(°¨ºñ¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæÀº G. palpalis¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, ·Îµ¥½Ã¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæÀº G. morsitans, G. fuscipes¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ´Ù). üüÆĸ®´Â ½ÀÇÑ °÷¿¡¼ ¼½ÄÇÏ¸ç ¿ì±â¿¡¼ °Ç±â·Î ¹Ù²î´Â ½Ã±â¿¡ °³Ã¼ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹°í ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ°Ô ÈíÇ÷ÇÑ´Ù. Æĸ®°¡ ÈíÇ÷ÇÒ ¶§ µé¾î¿Â ¿øÃæÀÇ trypomastigote°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç÷¾×, ¸²ÇÁÀý, ºñÀå, ³úô¼ö¾×¿¡¼ ºÐ¿Áõ½Ä - Æĸ®°¡ ¸ÔÀ¸¸é Àå¿¡¼ ºÐ¿Áõ½ÄÇÏ°í - ħ»ù¿¡¼ epimastigote·Î º¯Çü - ´Ù½Ã °¨¿°ÇüÀÎ metacyclic trypomastigote·Î º¯Çü. (°á±¹ ÁÖ·Î trypomastigoteÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ°í üüÆĸ®ÀÇ Ä§»ù¿¡¼ ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î epimastigoteÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °¡Áø´Ù)
ÀÓ»ó
- Áõ»ó: ¹°¸°ºÎÀ§ÀÇ eschar - ¸²ÇÁÀýÁ¾´ë¿Í °í¿. ÃøµÎºÎ¿Í ¸ñ µÚ ¸²ÇÁÀýÀÌ ºÎ¾î ¿îµ¿ÀÌ Á¦ÇÑ(Winterbottom's sign) - º´ÀÌ ¾ÇÈµÇ¸é ¸²ÇÁÀý Å©±â´Â ÁÙ¾îµå³ª Àü½Å¼è¾à, coma.
- Áø´Ü: ¸»ÃÊÇ÷¾×, ¸²ÇÁÀý, CSF¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ȤÀº Giemsa ¿°»ö ÈÄ trypomastigote¸¦ ¹ß°ß.
- Ä¡·á: ±Þ¼º±â´Â pentamidine, melarsoprol(Mel B), suramin. ³úÁõ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ ÈÄ´Â suramin.
- ¿¹¹æ: ¿©ÇàÀÚ°¡ üüÆĸ®¿¡ ÈíÇ÷´çÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ¹Ì¸® pentamidine Áֻ縦 ¸Â´Â´Ù.
22. Å©·ç½ºÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ (Trypanosoma cruzi), Chagas' disease
¿ªÇÐ
Áß¹Ì ¹× ³²¹Ì. ±Þ¼º±â ȯÀÚ´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡ ¸¹°í ¸¸¼º±â ȯÀÚ´Â ¾î¸¥¿¡ ¸¹´Ù. ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª ºÏºÎ¿¡´Â cardiomyopathy°¡ ¸¹°í ºê¶óÁú¿¡´Â megacolon, megaesophagus°¡ ¸¹´Ù.
¸Å°³°ïÃæ°ú º¸À¯ ¼÷ÁÖ
vector°¡ °¨ºñ¾Æ/·Îµ¥½Ã¾ÆÆĵ¿Æí¸ðÃæ°ú´Â ´Ù¸§¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å°³°ïÃæÀÎ Triatoma ºó´ë°¡ ÈíÇ÷ÇÏ¸é¼ °¨¿°ÇüÀÎ trypomastigote¸¦ ´ëº¯À¸·Î ¹è¼³ÇÏ¿© °¨¿°µÊ. º¸À¯¼÷ÁÖ´Â ¾ß»ý ¼³Ä¡·ù¿Í burrowing animal.
º´¸®¼Ò°ß
Ç÷¾×³»·Î ħÀÔÇÑ trypomastigote´Â ºÐ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Á¶Á÷¿¡ ħÀÔÇÏ¿© amastigote·Î º¯ÇüµÈ ÈÄ ºÐ¿,Áõ½ÄÇÑ´Ù.
Áõ»ó
±Þ¼º±â: Àẹ±â´Â 1-2ÁÖ. °í¿, ¾È¸éºÎÁ¾, Romana's sign(±¹¼Ò ¿°Áõ¼º ¹ÝÀÀ(chagoma)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¾È°Ë¿¡ »ý±ä ºÎÁ¾), myxedema, ¸²ÇÁ°ü¿°, ¸²ÇÁ¼±¿°. º¸Åë ÀÚ¿¬È÷ ¼Ò½ÇµÈ´Ù.
¸¸¼º±â: ½ÉÀåÇÕº´Áõ(RBBB, ºÎÁ¤¸Æ, ½ÉºÎÀü), megacolon, megaesophagus, ºóÇ÷...
Áø´Ü: ±Þ¼º±â¿¡´Â Ç÷¾×µµ¸»¿¡¼ trypomastigote °üÂû. ¸¸¼º±â¿¡ parasitemia Á¤µµ°¡ ³·À» ¶§´Â °ïÃæÁ¢Á¾¹ý(xonodiagnosis; °¨¿°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Triatoma ºó´ë°¡ »ç¶÷À» ¹°°ÔÇÑ ÈÄ Ãæü¸¦ Áõ½Ä½ÃÄÑ È®ÀÎ), Ç×ü°Ë»ç, ±â´ÏÇÈ Á¢Á¾
Ä¡·á: nifurtimox, benzimidazole, primaquine
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