EndoTODAY | EndoATLAS | ¿Ü·¡¼³¸íÀÚ·á

±â»ýÃæ | ½Äµµ | À§ | À§¾Ï | ESD | õ±â´©¼³

Home | Guide | ÁÖÀÎÀå | ±¸µ¶ | °Ë»ö | ¸µÅ©


[2015-8-1. ESD ¿¬±¸È¸ ÇÏ°è ¿öÅ©¼¥ (¸ÞÀÌÇʵå È£ÅÚ ·ÎÅͽº ·ë)]


1. ´ëÇѳ»½Ã°æÇÐȸ ESD µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º online registry (°¡Å縯´ë ¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô).

ÇâÈÄ ±¹³»¿¡¼­ ´Ù±â°ü¿¬±¸°¡ º¸´Ù È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô ÁøÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±× µ¿¾È Å« º´¿ø µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¸ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ°í ÀÛÀº º´¿ø µ¥ÀÌŸ´Â µå·¯³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¹®Á¦°¡ »ó´çºÎºÐ ÇØ°áµÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


2. ½Äµµ¾Ï ESD ÀûÀÀÁõ (°¡Å縯´ë ¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô)

»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø¿¡¼­ T1 ½Äµµ¾ÏÀÇ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ À§Ç輺À» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008). °á°ú ºÎºÐÀ» ¿Å±â¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

"The frequency of lymph node involvement was 6.25% (4/64) in mucosal cancers and 29.3% (39/133) in submucosal cancers (P < 0.001). In patients with M1 (n = 32) and M2 (n = 14) cancers, no lymph node metastasis was found. In multivariate analysis, size larger than 20 mm, endoscopically non-flat type, and endo-lymphatic invasion were significant independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. "

M3 ¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ °©Àڱ⠸¹¾ÆÁö°í, SM¿¡¼­´Â ´õ¿í ¸¹´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§¾Ï¿¡¼­µµ depth of invasion¿¡ µû¶ó ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁöÁö¸¸ ½Äµµ¾Ï¿¡¼­´Â ±× Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ´õ¿í ÇöÀúÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

M3 ½Äµµ¾Ï Áß ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀ̸¦ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐ Àå°æ 20mm ÀÌ»óÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àå°æ 10 mm ºÐÈ­Çü M3 ½Äµµ¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀ̸¦ º¸ÀÎ Áõ·Êµµ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ÀÇ º¸°í¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé M2 ½Äµµ¾Ï¿¡¼­µµ °£È¤ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (Kodama. Surgery 1998).

2011³â ¾Æ»êº´¿ø¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÀÚ·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¡¸·¾ÏÀÇ 11.3%, Á¡¸·ÇϾÏÀÇ 28.4%¿¡¼­ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ»êº´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â ½É´Þµµ¿Í Å©±â¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ ¾ç»óÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â ÀڷḦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î M2 º´¼Òµµ 3 cm ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ¸é 24¸í Áß 4¸í¿¡¼­ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Áß±¹ ½Äµµ¾Ï ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ ÀÚ·á: Parameters predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

ÀϺ» ½Äµµ¾Ï ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ survival¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á: Long-term outcome and metastatic risk after endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with EP/LPM, MM, and SM cancer were 90.5, 71.1, and 70.8%, respectively (P=0.007).


3. À§¾Ï ESS ÀûÀÀÁõ (ÇѾç´ë ÀÌÇ׶ô ±³¼ö´Ô)

±âÁ¸ ³»½Ã°æ ÀûÀÀÁõÀº ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ º´¸®¸¦ ±Ù°£À¸·Î Á¤ÇØÁø °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °í·ÁµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â °¡Àå ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ µ¿°æ¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ÀÚ·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ßÀ» °í·ÁÇϸé ESD ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô update ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇѾç´ë¿¡¼­ 2014³â ³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á·ÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÑ ±Ë¾ç°ú º´¸®ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÑ ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

The discrepancy between endoscopic ulcer and pathologic ulcer was 46.15%(48/104).

³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ßÀ¸·Î SM invasionÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¾Æ·¡ ³í¹®µµ Âü°íÇϸé ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

Abe S. Depth-predicting score for differentiated early gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2011


4. Á¶±â´ëÀå¾Ï ESD (¼º±Õ°ü´ë À嵿°æ ±³¼ö´Ô)

»óÇϺÎÀÇ °üÁ¡ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. À§¾ÏÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ESD·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ´ëÀå¾Ï ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á´Â simple polypectomy, EMR°ú ESD°¡ ¸ðµÎ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëÀå¿¡¼­´Â curabilityÀÇ °üÁ¡º¸´Ù´Â ¾î¶² º´¼Ò¿¡¼­ ESD¸¦ ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ÀÇ °üÁ¡ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï piecemeal resection Çʿ伺°ú ÇÕº´Áõ À§Ç輺ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àç¹ß·üÀº EMR 10%, ESD 1% Á¤µµ·Î ÃßÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù.

À̺¸ÀÎ: ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ °æÇèÀÌ ¸¹Àº ½Ã¼úÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ëÀå ESD°¡ »ý°¢º¸´Ù À§ÇèÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. EPMRÀÇ ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ß·üÀÌ 10%º¸´Ù ÀÛ°ÚÁö¸¸, ±× °æ¿ì ESD¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«Ã´ ¾î·Æ±â¶§¹®¿¡ ESD¸¦ Á¶±Ý Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Çغ¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


5. ÀÎÈĺÎ, ºÐ¹®ºÎ, À¯¹®ºÎ, ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ESD (°æºÏ´ë Àü¼º¿ì ±³¼ö´Ô)

Hypopharyngeal tumor

Pyloric ring ESD. 2015³â ºÎ»ê´ë ³í¹®À» Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. Pyloric ring cancerÀÇ °æ¿ì 12½Ã - 3½Ã ¹æÇâÀÇ ¼º°ø·üÀÌ ³·´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Èï¹Ì·Ó½À´Ï´Ù.

Duodenal ESD ÈÄ delayed perforationÀ¸·Î Àå±â Ä¡·á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Submucosal injection ÈÄ snare resectionÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇϰųª laparoscopy endoscopy cooperative surgery¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

1) Technically difficult due to insufficient mucosal elevation and poor mucosal contraction.
2) Abundant blood vessels in the submucosal layer and thin muscle layer pose a serious risk of bleeding and perforation.
3) Minimaize thermal injury to the muscle layer to avoid delayed perforation.

* ¿©·¯ ±³¼ö´ÔµéÀÇ comments

- ¹ÚÁ¾Àç ±³¼ö´Ô comment: ÀýÁ¦ ÀÌÈÄ bleeding controlÇϸ鼭 õ°øÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

- ¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô comment: APCµµ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

- Á¶±¤¹ü ±³¼ö´Ô comment: º´¼Ò°¡ ÀÛÀ¸¸é EMR-L ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô band ligation¸¸ ÇØ ÁÖ¸é ÀúÀý·Î ¶³¾îÁö´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

- ¼Û°æÈ£ ±³¼ö´Ô comment: ÀÛÀº º´¼Ò´Â injection ÈÄ cold snaringÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

- ÀÌÁØÇà comment: ¼Û°æÈ£ ±³¼ö´Ô ÀÇ°ß¿¡ °ø°¨ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å local¿¡¼­ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¿ëÁ¾ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ Ãµ°øÀ¸·Î ÀǷڵǾî surgical repair°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ¿© 6°³¿ù°£ ±Ý½ÄÇÏ¿´´ø ȯÀÚ¸¦ º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ¿ëÁ¾ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ Ãµ°øÀ¸·Î Ç×»ýÁ¦, somatostatin µîÀ» ¾²¸é¼­ 6°³¿ùÀ» ±â´Ù·È´ø ȯÀÚ.

- À±¿µÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô comment: ¼ö¼úÀå¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ Àǻ簡 Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ÇØÁÖ¸é ¿Ü°úÀǻ簡 º¹°­°æÀ¸·Î ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


6. »óÇÇÇÏÁ¾¾ç (°¡ÃµÀÇ´ë ±è°æ¿À ±³¼ö´Ô)

2013³â ÇѸ²´ë º´¿ø ³í¹®À» Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

Possible appropriate indication of endoscopic resection
1) Tumor size: <1-3 cm ?
2) Growth pattern: intraluminal growing (submucosal growing)
3) Movability of tumor: narrow muscular connection = more movable 4) Tumor location: except fundus ???

¹ÚÁ¾Àç ±³¼ö´Ô comment: Schwannoma´Â 50%¿¡¼­ õ°øÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


7. ¹ÌºÐÈ­¾Ï (°æÈñÀÇ´ë ÀåÀ翵)

Âü ¸í·áÇÑ °­ÀÇ¿´´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀåÀ翵 ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â indication°ú criteria¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ ±¸ºÐÇؼ­ °­ÀÇÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù (°ü·ÃµÈ ÀÌÁØÇà ±³¼öÀÇ Á¾¼³ ¹× editorial).

The second limitation can be named as 'indication/criteria issue'. We choose ESD candidates using some kind of indications. After ESD, we evaluate the resected specimen using some kind of criteria. The contents of indications and criteria may be the same. However, indications are something before ESD, and criteria are something after ESD. The 'indication/criteria issue' is related with the problem of pre- and post-resection diagnostic discrepancies. Recent clinical analysis from Samsung Medical Center has shown that about one third of pre-resection AI-EGC was shifted to post-resection beyond AI-EGC, and 42.8% of the changes were beyond EI for ESD. Another report from National Cancer Center demonstrated that 13.7% were out-of-indication at the pathological evaluation of resected specimen in pre-resection AI group, and 35.3% were post-resection out-of-indication in the clinically EI group. Until now, most data on ESD for EI-EGC are based on post-resection diagnostic groups. This means a lot of cases in reports on ESD for EI-EGC were originally considered as AI-EGCs before ESD. If we do not consider this bias carefully, patients can be exposed to unnecessary risks. (Gut Liver 2015)

2010³â ºÎ»ê´ë º´¸® ³í¹®¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Expanded indication Áß ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Lymph node metastasis from intestinal-type early gastric cancer: experience in a single institution and reassessment of the extended criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Gotoda 2010 ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé SM2ÀÌ°í 1cm ¹Ì¸¸À̸é 12.8%, 1-2cm ¿¡¼­´Â 14.4%¿¡¼­ ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Gotoda et al. 2000

* ÃÖ¼®Ã¤ ¼±»ý´Ô comment: µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ ²À ÁöÅ°°í Àִµ¥ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â Àç¹ß ¿¹´Â ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. (1) 65¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ undifferentiated type Á¶±âÀ§¾ÏÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ö¼úÀ» º¸³½´Ù. (2) SM2´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ö¼úÇÑ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÁöÅ°¸é ÁÁÀº ÀÓ»ó °á°ú¸¦ º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

* ÀÌÁØÇà comment: ESD¿¡ ´ëÇÑ dark sideµµ Áõ·Êº¸°í¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.