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[NOTES]

ÀϽà - 2017³â 7¿ù 8ÀÏ (Åä)

Àå¼Ò - CHA ÀÇ°úÇдë Â÷¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀÄÄÇ÷º½º À¯ÀÏÇÑ È¦

Live demonstration


1. POEM for achalasia - ±èµµÈÆ (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø)

Learning curve

½Ã¼ú 1-5ÀÏ ÀüºÎÅÍ ÀÜÁ¸ À½½ÄÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ À½½Ä Á¶ÀýÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú ÇÏ·ç Àü¿¡ ÀÔ¿øÇϴµ¥, ½Ã¼ú Àü³¯ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© À§³» ÀÜÁ¸ À½½Ä¹° ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ÇÊ¿äÇϸé ÀÜÁ¸ À½½Ä¹°À» Á¦°ÅÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

½Ã¼ú Áغñ
AnesthesiaGeneral / positive pressure ventilation
Insufflation systemUCR CO2 insullator
Scope / attachmentWater jet function / Transparent cap
GeneratorVIO 300D (ERBE)
KnifeTT / IT / Hook / Hybrid
Injector needleInjector catheter with needle or spray tip
Injection fluidNormal saline glycerol, sodium hyarulonate, indigocarmine, epinephrine
ClosureEndoscopic clips

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015

ȯÀÚÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼
SupineLeft decubitus
³»½Ã°æ Àǻ翡°Ô Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½
Èĺ®Ãø ¾×ü Àú·ù
Post. myotomy¿¡ ¿ëÀÌ
Mucosal flapÀ¸·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ Àå·Â Àü´Þ
³»½Ã°æ ´Ù·ç±â ¿ëÀÌÇÔ
¿ìÃø, Èĺ®Ãø ¾×ü Àú·ù ¾øÀ½
Left brachial plexus ¼Õ»ó À§Çè ¾øÀ½
Sigmoid esophagusÀÎ °æ¿ì Áß·ÂÀÌ ´õ ½ÉÇÑ ¿¹°¢À» ¸¸µë
°£¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ GEJ ¾Ð¹Ú

Submucosal tunneling ¿ä·É°ú ÁÖÀÇÁ¡
Circular muscle fine fiber°¡ º¸ÀÏ Á¤µµ·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ ±í°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Circular muscle fiber ÁÖÇàÀÇ ¼öÁ÷ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÅͳθµÀ» ÇØ¾ß Çϸç, sigmoid esophagusÀÇ °æ¿ì ´õ¿í ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.
Achalasia ±ÙÃþÀº Á¤»óº¸´Ù µÎ²¨¿ì¹Ç·Î ±ÙÃþ õ°øÀ» °Ì³»Áö ¸»ÀÚ.
Á¡¸·ÇÏ ÅͳΠ»ó¹ÙÀÇ Á¡¸· ¼Õ»ó¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
- Circular muscle¿¡ °¡Àå °¡±õ°Ô Àý°³ ¹Ú¸®¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù.
- ±ÙÃþÀÇ °æÇÑ ¿­¼Õ»óÀº °æ°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Á¡¸· ¼Õ»óÀº õ°øÀ» ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù.
- ÅͳÎÀÇ Á¡¸·Ãø ÃâÇ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÇ÷Àº ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¡¸·ÇÏ ÅͳÎÀÇ À§ÀåÃø¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé, Ç÷°ü ¹Ðµµ¿Í Á÷°æÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿©, Å« Ç÷°ü¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¹¹æÀû ÁöÇ÷À» Çϴ Ưº°ÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. À§ ºÐ¹®ºÎ Á¡¸·Àº ´õ ¾ã¾Æ¼­ Á¡¸· õ°øÀÇ À§Ç輺ÀÌ ³ô´Ù.

Landmarks of EGJ
Á¡¸·ÇÏ °ø°£ÀÌ Á¼¾ÆÁö°í
Ç÷°üÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀÌ ¹Ù²î°í (pallisade pattern → net-work pattern in gastric side)
³»½Ã°æ ¹ÝÀü ½Ã Ǫ¸¥ »öÁ¶
2°³ÀÇ ½ºÄß »ç¿ë ½Ã ÅͳΠ³¡ÀÇ trasillumiation

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015

Myotomy ¿ä·É°ú ÁÖÀÇÁ¡
Longitudinal fiver¸¦ ÀÚ¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ circular muscle myotomy¸¦ Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â inter-muscle space¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϱâ±îÁö ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ±ÙÀý°³¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Standard myotomy ÃѱæÀÌ: 10-12cm, including 2-3cm cardiomyotomy
Selective myotomy¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì´Â Á¶½É½º·´°Ô full thickness myotomy¸¦ ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Incomplete cardiomyotomy°¡ Ä¡·á ½ÇÆÐ¿Í Áõ»ó Àç¹ßÀÇ °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

2016³â À±¿µÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô °­ÀÇ (2016-4-2. APNM2016)


[Microvasculature of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction] (World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016) - PDF

Mucosal vessels. A and C: Endoscopic images during per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure (high magnification images); after unintentional removal of the epithelium (white layer), top half of epithelium was peeled off, and IPCLs were exposed. IPCLs appear as regularly-arranged, red dots (A: White light) or dark green spots (C: NBI); B: A schematic representation of the vascular network of esophageal mucosa: a: Branching vessels; b: SECN (Sub-epithelial capillary network); c: IPCL (Intrapapillary capillary loop)

A: Perforating vessels from the outer esophagus to the submucosal vessel; image captured during tunnelization in POEM (bottom side muscle layer, left side submucosal lifting); B: Submucosal drainage vessel (mucosal layer lifted on during ESD). These veins can become esophageal varices in portal hypertension; C: Submucosal vessels connecting the drainage veins to the mucosal branching vessels (in the lamina propria); D: Spindle veins immediately below the GEJ (in left side of the image, in blue, the submucosa and in the right side the muscle); E and F: branching vessels (seen from inside the submucosal tunnel). G: palisade vessels.

High magnifying narrow band imaging image of normal esophageal mucosa (luminal side). A: Soft pressure of the endoscope distal attachment (¡°hood¡±) onto the mucosal surface demonstrates SECN, hard pressure onto the mucosa compresses horizontal vessels, allowing clear observation of IPCLs; B: In the circle the SECN located at the top layer of lamina propria mucosae, just beneath the epithelium. The black arrows indicate the branching vessels into the lower lamina propria; white arrows indicate the IPCL located in the epithelial papilla, which is a projection of lamina propria mucosae into the epithelium.

The figure shows the histology of a non-pathologic esophageal specimen. The vessels¡¯ wall has been colored by CD34, showing superficially the IPCLs (upper part of the lamina propria, arising the epithelium) and the SECN; deeply in the lamina propria the branching vessels. In the sumucosal layer also the drainage veins are evident. The table summarizes the vascular system observed and its own esophageal layer according to the different endoscopic procedure performed.

In the center a scheme of the submucosal view at the gastro-esophageal junction during per-oral endoscopic myotomy. At the muscle side (left endoscopic image) the spindle vein are clearly visible; at the mucosal side (seen on its backside, right endoscopic image) the palisade vessel are recognized. High magnification images.


[Intrinsic components]

Basic Medical Key - Anatomy of esophagus

Semicircular claps fibers centered along the lesser curve (3 o'clock)

Oblique slin fibers centered along the posterolateral wall (7 o'clock) wraing around the anterioa (11 o'clock) and posterior (5 o'clock) walls.


[Extrinsic components]

Crural diaphragm & phrenoesophageal ligament that fasten the esophagus to the diaphragm


[2017-7-8. ÀÌÁØÇà Áú¹®]

POEMÀº °íµµ·Î ¼÷·ÃµÈ ³»½Ã°æ Àǻ簡 ½ÃÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾î·Á¿î ¼ú±â¶ó°í ¸»¾¸Á̴ּµ¥¿ä, ESD¸¦ ÀÚÁÖ ½ÃÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼­¾ç ÀÇ»çµéÀº ESDº¸´Ù POEMÀÌ ÈξÀ ½¬¿î ½Ã¼úÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°¢ÇϽôÂÁö¿ä?

[2017-7-8. ±èµµÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

ESD Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ¸Å¿ì ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ°Ô °æ¿ì¿¡ POEMÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ESD °æÇèÀÌ ¾ø°Å³ª ÀûÀº ¼­¾ç ȤÀº Àεµ ÀÇ»çµéÀº POEMÀ» Àû´çÇÑ ¼ú±â·Î ½ÃÇàÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Myotomyµµ selectiveÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´ë°­ TT knife·Î Âß ÀÚ¸£°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

½Äµµ ESD¿Í POEMÀº »óÈ£ º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ ½Ã¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. POEMÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ½Äµµ ESD °æÇèÀÌ Å©°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ ESD¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î POEMÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾Ë°Ô µÈ ÇϺΠ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ ESD¿Í POEMÀ» ¸ðµÎ ½ÃÇàÇϸ鼭 À§¿Í ¾Æ·¡¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¾Ë°ÔµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ÁÁ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.


2. POEM for treatment of other esophageal motility disorders - ±è°æ¿À (°¡Ãµ´ëÇб³ ±æº´¿ø)

Achalasia´Â subtype¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Ä¡·á¹æħÀ» Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Digestion 2017;95:29 - PDF 0.5M

Spastic or hypercontractile esophagus¿¡ ´ëÇÑ POEM¿¡ À־ LES myotomy¸¦ ÇؾßÇϴ°¡ ³í¶õÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Inoue ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ÇâÈÄ achalasia·Î ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, POEM ÀÌÈÄ ½Äµµ üºÎÀÇ ineffective peristalsis·Î ÀÎÇÑ dysphagia³ª regurgitationÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϹǷΠ¹Ì¸® LES myotomy¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» ³½ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù).


[2017-7-8. ÀÌÁØÇà Áú¹®]

2017³â DigestionÁö¿¡ ½Ç¸° ³í¹®(Digestion 2017;95:29-35)À» ÀοëÇϽø鼭, achalasia Áß type II¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â balloon dilatationÀ» first choice·Î ¸»¾¸Á̴ּµ¥¿ä, ÀÏÁ¤ ¼öÁØÀÇ learning curve¸¦ Åë°úÇÑ ±â°üÀÇ °æ¿ì POEMÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º°ú È¿°ú¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§ ¸ðµç achalasiaÀÇ first choice·Î POEMÀ» ÃßõÇÏ´Â Àü¹®°¡µµ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

[2017-7-8. ±è°æ¿À ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

Balloon dilatation°ú POEMÀÇ randomized study°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°ÚÁö¸¸, POEMÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ±â°ü¿¡¼­´Â POEM¸¸À», balloon dilatationÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ±â°üÀº balloon dilatation¸¸À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ´ëºÎºÐ POEMÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

[2017-7-8. ÀÌÁØÇà comment]

POEM ¼ú±â°¡ È®¸³µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇöÀç·Î¼­´Â Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì ¾Æ´Ï¸é type°ú ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô ¸ðµç achalasia Ä¡·áÀÇ primary choice·Î POEMÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Å¸´çÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


3. Complications of POEM - Á¤Çö¼ö (¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ)

¿ë¾î (WHO-UMC causality categories)
Definite (certain)No other cause
ProbableOther cause unlikely
PossibleOther causes possible
UnlikelyOther causes more likely

Gas-related complications
Spontaneous empyema31.6%
Capno/pneumomediastinum10-22%
Capno/pneumothrax11%
Capno/pneumothrax requiring decompression2.7%
Capno/pneumoperitoneum30.6%
Capno/pneumoperitoneum requiring decompression8.0%

Mucosal injury-perforation (mediastinal or peritoneal leak) (major) = 0.3%
MediastinitisInsufficient data
PeritonitisInsufficient data
Retroperitoneal abscesses2 cases reported
Pleural effusionInsufficient data
PneumonitisInsufficient data
GI fistulaInsufficient data
FeverInsufficient data

Rare complications
Delayed postoperative bleeding1.1%
Hematoma within the tunnel
Submucosal infection
Mortality0.025%(1/4000)

ÇöÀç±îÁö POEM°ú °ü·ÃµÈ »ç¸ÁÀº 1¿¹°¡ º¸°íµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Á¤Çö¼ö ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â POEM ÈÄ ½ÉÇÑ reflux Áõ»óÀ» È£¼ÒÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿© Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. POEM °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ full thickness myotomy°¡ µÇ¾ú´ø ȯÀÚÀε¥ PPI response°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼­ pyloric ring contractionÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÈ ¾ç»óÀ̾ú°í gastric emptying study¿¡¼­ delayed emptyingÀ» º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Full thickness myotomy¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ vagus nerve damage¸¦ ÀǽÉÇÏ¿© pyloric ring ÁÖº¯¿¡ Botox injectionÀ» ÇÏ¿´°í Áï½Ã Áõ»óÀÌ È£ÀüµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


4. Live demonstration

Á¶ÁÖ¿µ: Supine positionÀ¸·Î ½Ã¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (Left decubitus·Î 3½Ã°£ ÀÌ»ó ½Ã¼úÇÏ´Ùº¸¸é palsy°¡ ¿Ã ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù) Normal salin 100cc¿¡ hyaluronic acid 1 ampuleÀ» ¼¯¾î¼­ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥, hyaluronic acid ³óµµ°¡ ÁøÇÏ¸é ¿¬±â°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ª´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Blue dye¸¦ ÁøÇÏ°Ô ¾²¸é perforating vesselÀÌ ¾È º¸À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ dye¸¦ ¾àÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Dual knife¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© spray coagulation mode, effect 2, 40 watt¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Spray mode´Â non-contact ¹æ¹ýÀ̹ǷΠDual knifeÀÇ needleÀ» ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³»¹ÐÁö ¾Ê°í submucosal dissection ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. PneumoperitoneumÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸé ȯÀÚÀÇ »óÅ°¡ ¾È ÁÁ¾ÆÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ angiocath¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º¹ºÎÀÇ gas¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Pneumomediastinum¿¡¼­ °£È¤ tension pneumothorax°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© ±ÞÈ÷ chest tube¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Diaphragm level¿¡¼­ (°£È¤ ½ÉÇÑ achalasia¿¡¼­ stenosis°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â) °ø°£ÀÌ Á¼°í »»»»Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ³»½Ã°æ ÁøÇàÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (1) capÀ» »©°í ½Ã¼úÇϰųª, (2) ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ myotomy¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ½ÃÇàÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Cardia·Î µé¾î°¡¸é submucosal tissue°¡ looseÇØÁö´Âµ¥, À̶§ºÎÅÍ´Â Ç÷°üÀ» Àß º¸°í pre-emptive coagulationÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ» ÈÄ»ý¼º¿¡¼­ POEM ½Ã¼ú·á¸¦ 15¸¸¿£ Á¤µµ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Â÷º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ȯÀÚ°¡ ³»´Â ºñ¿ëÀº ÃÑ¾× 400-500¸¸¿ø Á¤µµ ³»´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. (´Ù¸¥ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀº ½Ã¼úºñ¸¦ 200-350¸¸¿ø Á¤µµ¶ó°í ¸»¾¸ÇϼÌÀ½) ÀϺ»¿¡¼­´Â ÈÄ»ý¼º¿¡¼­ POEM ½Ã¼ú·á¸¦ 15¸¸¿£ Á¤µµ·Î Á¤Çسõ¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °í±³¼ö´ÔÀº Myotomy´Â FineMedix »çÀÇ hook knife, Swift coagulationÀ¸·Î ½Ã¼úÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù (FineMedix »çÀÇ hook knife°¡ ±æ¾î¼­ À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù). ½Äµµ´Â selective myotomy¸¦ ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ longitudinal muscleÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÀýÁ¦µÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. EG junction ºÎºÐÀº °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î full thickness myotomy¸¦ Çϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Type IÀÇ °æ¿ì circumferential muscleÀÌ ¿ö³« ¾ã±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀúÀý·Î full thickness myotomy°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. TunnelingÀº õõÈ÷ myotomy´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ºü¸£°Ô ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ø±â¸¦ Àû°Ô ³Ö°í ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î myotomy¸¦ Çؾ߸¸ pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneumÀÇ ¹ß»ý·üÀÌ ³·°í, Ȥ½Ã ¹ß»ýÇÏ´õ¶óµµ °ø±â°¡ Àû°Ô µé¾î°¡ ȯÀÚ°¡ »¡¸® ȸº¹µË´Ï´Ù. Á¶ÁÖ¿µ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº POEM ÈÄ reflux°¡ ½ÉÇÏ¿© 2¸í¿¡¼­ antireflux endoscopic treatment¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ï´Ù. POEM Ãʱ⿡ incisionÀ» horizontalÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ±×¶§´Â closure°¡ ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿äÁòÀº Ç×»ó longitudinalÇÏ°Ô incisionÀ» Çϱ⠴빮¿¡ clippingÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î °æ¿ì´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

È«¼öÁø: ½Ã¼ú ½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ¾îÁö¸é edema°¡ ½ÉÇØÁö´Â µî ½Ã¼ú¿¡ ºÒ¸®ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Muscle¿¡ °¡±õ°Ô tunellingÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß Ç÷°üÀ» ´ú ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ°í, preemtive coagulationÀ» ÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ±ÙÀ° ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇؼ­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß mucosal thermal injury¸¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Intraoperative EndoFlipÀ» routineÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Myotomy°¡ ºÎÁ·Çϰųª °úµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

±è°æ¿À: submucosal tunnelingÀ» ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â muscle¿¡ °¡±õ°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© ½Ã¼úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. Ç÷°üÀ» preemptive coagulationÇÒ ¶§ ÁÖÀÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¡¸·ÀÇ thermal injury°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Body¿¡¼­´Â selective myotomy¸¦ Çϴµ¥ full myotomy°¡ µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¾à°£ superficialÇÏ°Ô ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ°í EG junction ºÎÀ§¿¡¼­´Â circumferential muscle myotomy¸¦ ´Ù ÇØ º¸¸é longitudinal muscleÀÌ ¿ö³« ¾ã±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀúÀý·Î full myotomy°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. IncisionÀ» closure ÇØ ÁÙ ¶§ ù clipÀ» Àß Àâ¾ÆÁÖ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Á¤Çö¼ö: TT knife, Spray coagulation, effect 2, 60 watt¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Spray coagulationÀº non-contact ¹æ¹ýÀ̸ç, Ç¥¸éÀûÀÌ ³ÐÀ»¼ö·Ï È¿°úÀûÀ̹ǷΠTT knife°¡ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ»êº´¿ø ±èµµÈÆ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº IT nano¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ³¡¿¡ tipÀÌ ÀÖ¾î Á¶±Ý °ú°¨È÷ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¶±Ý ºü¸£°Ô ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


[ÀÌÁØÇà comment]

Achalasia´Â ¸¸¼ºÁúȯÀÌ°í Áõ»óÀÌ ´Ù¼Ò ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ¿© ÀǽÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Áø´ÜÇϱ⠾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼û¾îÀִ ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Çмú¸ðÀÓ µîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© achalasia¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁöµµ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é¼­ Á¡Á¡ ¸¹Àº achalasia ȯÀÚ°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸´õ¶óµµ ¿ö³« incidence°¡ ³·Àº º´À̹ǷΠÀ§¾Ïó·³ ȯÀÚ ¼ö°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ POEM µîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿ÏÄ¡°¡ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÀϺ»¿¡¼­µµ achalasia Áõ·Ê°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í POEMÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áµÈ ÈÄ ÃÖ±Ùµé¾î »õ·Î Áø´ÜµÇ´Â Áõ·Ê°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸Å³â »õ·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â achalasia°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼û¾îÀִ ȯÀÚµéÀ» ¹ß±¼ÇÏ¿© ¸ðµÎ Ä¡·áÇÏ¸é ½ÅȯÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â ±¸Á¶ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

POEMÀº ºñ±³Àû º¹ÀâÇÑ ½Ã¼úÀ̹ǷΠlearning curve À̽´µµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ½Ç·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¸Å³â ÀÏÁ¤ ¼ö ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡µµ °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡´Â achalasia ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀûÀ¸¹Ç·Î POEM ½Ã¼úÀÚµµ ¸î ¸íÀ̸é ÃæºÐÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ä¡·á³»½Ã°æ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÖ´Â Àǻ簡 °æÇè Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ POEMÀ» ½Ã¼úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¸î°³ÀÇ center¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Å« º´¿øÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÛÀº º´¿øÀÌ¶óµµ POEM ½Ã¼ú¿¡ °ü½É¸¹Àº ½Ã¼úÀÚ°¡ ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ¼­ ¸ÚÁø center¸¦ ¸¸µé¸é µË´Ï´Ù. Àϳ⿡ ÇÑµÎ¸í ½Ã¼úÇÒ °ÍÀÌ¸é ¾Æ¿¹ ½ÃÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¦ ÀÇ°ßÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Àú´Â POEM ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º» º´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´ÔÀÌ ¸ðµç ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÏ°í °è½Ê´Ï´Ù.

[À̱¤Àç ±³¼ö´Ô private comment]

ÀÌÁØÇà ±³¼ö´Ô ÀÇ°ßÀÌ Å¸´çÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚµµ ¸¹Áö ¾ÊÀºµ¥ ¸î¸î center·Î ÁýÁßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç achalasia ȯÀÚ¸¦ ÀÇ·ÚÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °Í °°Áö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±è°æ¿À ±³¼ö´Ô °­ÀÇ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò°³µÈ DigestionÁö ³í¹®(Digestion 2017;95:29-35)°ú °°ÀÌ type II´Â ½±°í °£´ÜÇÑ balloon dilatationÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ°í, POEMÀÌ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¸¸ POEM center·Î ÀÇ·ÚÇÏ´Â Àü·«ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


5. Anti-reflux endoscopic surgery (ARES) - °í¿øÁø (CHA ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸¹ÌÂ÷º´¿ø)

EMR-C ¹æ¹ý

±æÀÌ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ½Äµµ´Â 1cm, À§ cardia´Â 2cm Á¤µµ resectionÀ» ÇØ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é stricture ¹ß»ýÀº ÁÙ°ÚÁö¸¸ È¿°úµµ ¶³¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Äµµ¸¦ Á¶±Ý Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

CircumferenceÀÇ 50% ÀÌÇÏ´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø°í 80% ÀÌ»óÀº stricture°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷΠ60-80% Á¤µµ ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. Inoue ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ °æ¿ì retroflectionÀ¸·Î °üÂûÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ 1cm Á¤µµ Á¤»ó Á¡¸·ÀÌ ³²µµ·Ï Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Hernia°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì hernia¸¦ ´Ù Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ ½Ã¼úÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Stretta ½Ã¼úÀº hernia°¡ Àְųª erosive esophagitis°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ½Ã¼úÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Âµ¥, ±×·± ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â ARES°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.

Stricture°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´õ¶óµµ healing °úÁ¤ Áß°£¿¡ balloon dilatationÀ» Çϸé stricture´Â ½±°Ô ÇØ°áµË´Ï´Ù.

Gastrointest Endosc 2017;85(5S):AB506


[ÀüÈÆÀç ÁÂÀå´Ô comment]

½Ã¼úÀÌ ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù±â°ü ¿¬±¸¸¦ Àß ÁøÇàÇϸé ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» ¹àÈ÷´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Inoue ±×·ì¿¡¼­ pilot study ÈÄ ´ë±Ô¸ð·Î ÁøÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ½Ã¼ú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´À²¼´ø °Í ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.


6. Stretta - ¹Ú¹«ÀÎ (°í½Å´ëÇб³)

PPI¿¡ response°¡ ÀÖ°í hernia°¡ ¾ø´Â ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀÎ ´ë»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Functional heartburnÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­ Stretta ½Ã¼úÀ» Çϸé pain sensation modulationÀÌ µÇ¾î Áõ»óÀÌ È£ÀüµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´ÙÁö¸¸ ÀÚ·á´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.


7. G-POEM - ÀÓ¼±±³ (¾ÆÁÖ´ëÇб³)

Difficult points of POP (peroral pyloromyotomy)

Mucosotomy is selected 3 to 5 cm from the pylorus on the posterior greater curve side of the stomach (7:00 o'clock position).

Myotomy


[References]

1) ³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ ÇмúÇà»ç Áö»óÁß°è

2) EndoTODAY ½ÄµµÀ̿ϺҴÉÁõ°ú POEM

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.