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ÀÌ·± ±¸µµÀÇ »çÁøÀ» º¸½Å ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ÁÂÀå º¸¸é¼ »çÁø ÇÑ Àå Âï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.^^
1. Studies using on-line registry of ESD for early GI cancers (±èÁø¼ö, ÀÌÇ׶ô, ÀåÀ翵, ¹é±¤È£, ¼ºÀç±Ô)
EG junction cancerÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á» ´õ °í¹ÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. EndoTODAY¿¡¼ ¾ðÁ¦ Çѹø Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¹ÚÁØö ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼´Â EUSÀÇ ½É´Þµµ Áø´Ü Á¤È®µµ°¡ À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù°í comment Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. Áï cardia cancer/EG junction cancer¿¡¼´Â EUS Á¤È®µµ°¡ ³·±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °Ë»çÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ»±î »ý°¢µÇ´Â Á¤µµ¶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
2. Inevitable problems in ESD - video training
1) Complications of ESD (¼¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø Ãֱ⵷)
Gastric ESD (Na S. Dis Dig Sci 2015): Early delayed bleeding (from 24 hours to 2nd look endoscopy) 9.1%, late delayed bleeding (from 2nd look endoscopy to 1 month): 4.3%
Àú´Â 2nd look endoscopy¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àִµ¥ Ãֱ⵷ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â ´Ã 2nd look endoscopy¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.
Àú´Â µé¹®À̳ª ³¯¹® º´¼ÒÀÇ ESD ÈÄ ÇùÂøÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½Äµµ ESD ÈÄ steroid¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ intralesional steroid injectionÀ̳ª oral steroid¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ãֱ⵷ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼´Â cardia ESD ÈÄ °£È¤ intralesional triamcinolone injectionÀ» ÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ÁÖ»ç ½ÃÁ¡ (½Ã¼ú Á÷ÈÄ È¤Àº ´ÙÀ½ ³¯), ÁÖ»ç ºÎÀ§, ¿ë·® µîÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸íÈ®È÷ °áÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ´äº¯Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. Âü°í·Î 2014³â 10¿ù °³²¼¼ºê¶õ½º ³»½Ã°æÄÁÆÛ·±½º¿¡¼ ¾Æ»êº´¿ø ±èµµÈÆ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇϽŠ³»¿ëÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.
Intralesional steroid injection: triamcinolone, aliquots of 0.2ml at 10-40 mg/ml, inserted shallowly, 4 quadrants, 1 cm interval.
µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖÀ½.
- Multiple session injection: 3, 7, 10 days after ESD
- Single session injection immediately after ESD
'Single session injection immediately after ESD'¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¾Æ»êº´¿ø Á¤ÈÆ¿ë ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ Áõ·Êº¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ½ (Clin Endosc 2013;46:643-646). ESD·Î Á¡¸·ÇÏÃþÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾îÁø »óȲ¿¡¼ Á¡¸·ÇÏÃþ¿¡ triamcinoloneÀ» ÁÖ»çÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷΠ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ½.
@ °æ±¸ ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵å: ESD 2-3ÀÏ° 30mgÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÈÄ ¸ÅÁÖ 30, 30, 25, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5·Î õõÈ÷ ÁÙ¿©³ª°£´Ù.
Duodenal ESD: perforation: 25-36%, delayed bleeding: 0-7%. ESGE does not recommend routine use of ESD for treatment of duodenal superficial lesions
[2023-12-4. Ãß°¡] Digestive Endoscopy 2023¿¡ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ³»½Ã°æÀýÁ¦¼ú ´Ù±â°ü¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 70.4%´Â ESD·Î ½Ã¼úÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ 3,047¿¹ Áß Ãµ°øÀÌ 132¿¹ (4.3%) ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Intraoperative perforatonÀÌ 108¿¹, delayed perforationÀÌ 24¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Delayed perforation 24¿¹ Áß 12¿¹¿¡¼´Â ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °æÇèÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö¸é¼ °ú°Åº¸´Ù´Â ´Ù¼Ò ³·¾ÆÁø °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
2) Difficult lesions in stomach - ¼¿ï¼º¸ðº´¿ø ¹ÚÀç¸í
Submucosal fatÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é ESD°¡ ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¹æÀÇ ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ³ô¾Æ¼ ¹ß¿ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Resistance (ohm): quality of tissue that impedes flow of current
- More resistance = less current flow - Resistance: skin/mucosa > bone > fat > muscle > bowel wall (326 ohms) > blood |
Management tips
- Look at the concealed blood vessel - Make the sight clear - Pre-coagulation before dissection - Slow, slow, slow |
¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ º¸¿©ÁֽŠÈï¹Ì·Î¿î ½½¶óÀ̵åÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸Â´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾²µµ·Ï ±ÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â °¡Àå ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ¹æ¹ý(¾ÈÁ¤°¨À» Áß¿ä½Ã ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý)À» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇϽʴϴÙ.
3) Difficult lesions in colon - ¼øõÇâ´ëÇб³ °íºÀ¹Î
Mucosal incision (Dual knife) | Dry Cut E2 30W |
Mucosal incision (Hook knife) | Endo Cut E2 D2 I2 |
Submucosal dissection (Dual knife) | Swift Coag E4 30W |
Submucosal dissection (Hook knife) | Swift Coag E4 40W |
Coagulation (Coagrasper) | Soft Coag E5 50W |
°íºÀ¹Î ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ º¸¿©ÁֽŠÈï¹Ì·Î¿î ½½¶óÀ̵åÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1¹øÀÌ °¡Àå ½¬¿î °÷ÀÌ°í 6¹øÀÌ °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿î °÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Hepatic flexure¿Í splenic flexure°¡ °¡Àå ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½¬¿î °ÍºÎÅÍ ÀÍÈ÷°í Á¡Â÷ ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇսôÙ.
4) ESD training - ¼¿ï´ëÇб³ ±è»ó±Õ
Training for ESD is necessary for
- Decision of adequate indication of ESD
- Complete en-bloc resection
- Management of complications
- Preparation of specimen
- Interpretation of pathologic results
Á¦°¡ comment¸¦ ÁغñÇߴµ¥ ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. "°£È¤ ÀϺ» º´¿ø¿¡ °¡ º¸¸é major center¿¡¼ ³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÒ ¶§ Àü±¹ °¢ÁöÀÇ ¿©·¯ ³»½Ã°æ ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ observationÀ» ÇÏ´Â Àå¸éÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿¡¼ ³»½Ã°æ°ü·Ã Çмú´ëȸ°¡ ¿¸®¸é Ÿ Áö¹æ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÌ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ Àú³á¿¡ Áý¿¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê°í ¿ù¿äÀÏ ¾Æħ¿¡ ¿©·¯ º´¿ø ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡¼ observationÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÎ·¯¿î ¸ð½ÀÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼µµ ¼·Î ¹æ¹®Çϱ⠿À» ¹úÀ̸é ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÐȸ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥º¸´Ù´Â ±×³É ¿©·¯ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÌ junior memberµéÀ» º¸³»ÁÖ½Ã¸é µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÇÊ¿ä¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×³É shadowingÀ» ÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù."
3. Endoscopic submucosal sugery - °¡ÃµÀÇ´ë ±è°æ¿À
ESE (endoscopic submucosal excavation)
- simply a technical extension of ESD
- widely practiced procedure
STER (submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection)
- mainly used in resecting esophageal and cardial SMT
- preserving the integrity of the covering mucosa → barrier against gas and liquid leak
- advantage over ESE : ???
Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper GI SMT. Chen T. Endoscopy 2015 Epub
À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±È£µÇ´Â Ä¡·á¹æ¹ýÀÌ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.
GIST ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ß ¿ì·Á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °í·Á´ë ÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â "well encapsulated GIST´Â Àç¹ßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Poorly encapsulated GIST´Â Àç¹ßÇÑ´Ù"°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.
4. ESD in the unusual site - °è¸í´ë µ¿»êº´¿ø Á¶±¤¹ü
°í·Á´ë ÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â 1 cm ³Ñ´Â ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå º´¼Ò´Â ESD¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.
1) Endoscopic accessory from idea to products - °æºÏ´ëÇб³ Àü¼º¿ì
ÁÂÀåÀ̽ŠÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â "Àü¼º¿ì ¼±»ý´ÔÀº junior ¶§ºÎÅÍ R & D ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µÎ°í ȸ»ç¸¦ ⸳ÇÏ¿© ºí·ç¿À¼ÇÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¼Ò°³Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.
Àü¼º¿ì ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â 2009³â 8¿ù ¹ýÀÎÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿´°í ÇöÀç ¿©·¯ Á¦Ç°À» ±¹³» ¹× ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ ÆǸÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Endoscoic knife = ÀÏȸ¿ë ¹ßÁ¶Àý½Ä Àü±â¼ö¼ú±â¿ë Àü±Ø
Áö¿ª±â¹ÝÀÇ »êÇп¬ Çùµ¿ ¸ðµ¨·Î Kobe Lifescience Cluster, ´ë±¸¿¬±¸°³¹ßƯ±¸ µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
2) Preclinical center - ÀÎÇÏ´ëÇб³ À̵·Çà
ÀǾàÇ° ºÐ¾ß Á¤ºÎ R & D ÅõÀÚ´Â ¿¬Æò±Õ 14.7%¾¿ ¼ºÀå ÁßÀ̳ª ½Å¾à°³¹ß ¼º°ú´Â ¹ÌÈíÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â medical device ºÐ¾ß·Î °ü½ÉÀÌ ¿Å°Ü°¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼µµ NDA (new drug approval) °Ç¼ö´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IND (investigational new drug) ½ÂÀÎÀº ¸¹À¸³ª NDA ½ÂÀÎ °Ç¼ö´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
À̵·Çà ±³¼ö´ÔÀº NCEED (±¹°¡ÁöÁ¤ ¼ÒȱâÁúȯ ÀÇ·áÁ¦Ç° À¯È¿¼ºÆò°¡ ¼ºñ½º ¼¾ÅÍ)¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °è½Ê´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡ fund¸¦ 5³â (3+2) 15¾ïÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í ÀÎÇÏ´ëÇб³¿¡¼´Â 300Æò °ø°£À» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¿äÀÚ¸ÂÃãÇü °í³À̵µ À¯È¿¼ºÆò°¡ ¼ºñ½º¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Áö³ 5³â µ¿¾È 148°ÇÀÇ À¯È¿¼º Æò°¡¸¦ Çß´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 98Á¾ÀÇ µ¿¹°¸ðµ¨ÀÌ setupµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëµ¿¹° ³»½Ã°æ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼ Áö±Ý±îÁö 300¿©¸¶¸® µÅÁö ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ¿´°í Gastrointest Endosc µî ÁÖ¿ä Àú³Î¿¡ 6°³ ³í¹®ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¼Ûµµ±¹Á¦µµ½Ã¿¡ 'ÀÇ·áÆ®·¹ÀÌ´× ¼¾ÅÍ'°¡ 2017³â±îÁö ¼³¸³µÉ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ã¸²Çª½º ȸ»ç °ü·Ã »ç¾÷ÀÎ ¸ð¾çÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
3) Medical device R&DB strategy - Çѱ¹»ê¾÷±â¼úÆò°¡°ü¸®¿ø Ç㿵
10³â Àü¿¡µµ ±¹»êÀÇ·á±â±âÀÇ ¼¼°è½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²ÀÌ 2%¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ Áö±Ýµµ 2%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
»ê¾÷ºÎ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÇ·á±â±â°ü·Ã »ç¾÷
(1) »ê¾÷Çٽɱâ¼ú°³¹ß»ç¾÷ - ¿øõ±â¼úÇü (33%), Çõ½ÅÁ¦Ç°Çü (67%)
(2) ÇÙ½ÉÀÇ·á±â±âÁ¦Ç°È±â¼ú°³¹ß»ç¾÷
(3) ½Å¼ºÀ嵿·ÂÀåºñ°æÀï·Â°È»ç¾÷(ÀÇ·áÀåºñ)
4) Hybrid NOTES for gastric tumor - ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ±èÂù±Ô
5) Function preserving surgery in EGC - ¼¿ï´ëÇб³ ºÐ´çº´¿ø ¿Ü°ú ±èÇüÈ£
±èÇüÈ£ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº "Minimally invasive surgery´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â minimalÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿Ü°úÀǻ翡°Ô´Â maximally invasive surgeryÀÔ´Ï´Ù"¶ó´Â ¸»·Î °ÀǸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.
(1) Proximal gastrectomy°¡ Àα⸦ ÀÒÀº °ÍÀº oncologic safety¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ Àְųª functional outcomeÀÌ ³ªºü¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó reflux esophagitis³ª anastomtic stenosis¿Í °°Àº late complicationÀÌ ³ª»¦±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstructionÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ proximal gastrectomyº¸´Ù ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ Àû±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀç KLASS 05 ¿¬±¸·Î ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
(2) Setinel node navigastion surgery (Simultaneous ICG and (99m)Tc-ASC-guided laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʱ⠿¬±¸: Park DJ. Ann Surg Oncol 2011): Sentinel node À½¼ºÀ̸é segmental resection¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Functional ÇÏ°Ô´Â ÈξÀ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ sentinel node positive°¡ »ý°¢º¸´Ù ³ô°í °£È¤ false negative°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç 2»ó ¿¬±¸ÀÌ°í 2016³â¿¡ 3³â survival rate°¡ ³ª¿À´Âµ¥ °á°ú°¡ ÁÁ´Ù¸é ºÐ´Ü¼¿ï´ëº´¿ø ´Üµ¶À¸·Î 3»ó ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÒ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î º¹ÀâÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù±â°ü Àӻ󿬱¸¸¦ Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù (technically immature method).
Sentinel node¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 5°³ Á¤µµ´Â ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °£È¤ sentinel node¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Sentinel node¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã standard surgery·Î º¯°æÇؼ ¼ö¼úÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Sentinel node dissectionÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¿¹¿¡¼ Àç¹ßÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
(3) Subepithelial tumor´Â stomach ¾ÈÀ¸·Î single port·Î ±â±¸¸¦ ³Ö¾î¼ ¼ö¼úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
(4) Single port gastrectomy´Â day 1°ú day 2¿¡ ÅëÁõÀÌ Àû°í ȯÀÚÀÇ ¸¸Á·µµ°¡ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â solo single port gastrectomy¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀþÀº ±³¼ö´Ôµéµµ °è½Ê´Ï´Ù.
±èÇüÈ£ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº "À§¾Ï ¼ö¼úÀº standardized surgery¿¡¼ individualized surgery·Î º¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù"´Â ¸»·Î °ÀǸ¦ ¸¶Ä¡¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.
@ Âü°í 1: EndoTODAY proximal gastrectomy
@ Âü°í 2: Proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2015) - ¹ÚµµÁß ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ Á¾¼³
@ Âü°í 3: EndoTODAY single port gastrectomy
6) Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal disease - ºÐ´çÂ÷º´¿ø ÈäºÎ¿Ü°ú ¹ÚÁؼ®
¹ÚÁؼ® ±³¼ö´ÔÀº thoracoscopic esophagectomy¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Boerhaarve rupture¿¡¼µµ primary closure¸¦ Çϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ´ç Â÷º´¿ø¿¡¼´Â 20¿¹ Á¤µµÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ Àִµ¥ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. GE junction¿¡¼ left ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÅÍÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î diaphragm±îÁö exposureÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼úÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Çϳ׿ä.
ÁÂÀåÀ̽ŠÁ¶ÁÖ¿µ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼´Â Á¶±â½Äµµ¾ÏÀ» ESD ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀûÀ¸·Î lymph node dissectionÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÑÁö Áú¹®Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÚÁؼ® ¼±»ý´ÔÀº left recurrent laryngeal lymph node¸¦ ¹Ú¸®Çϱ⠾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ´äÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù (¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² ÂüÁ¶).
7) Implication for anesthesia - ºÐ´çÂ÷º´¿ø ¸¶Ãë°ú ¹ÚÁ¤Çö
Visceral fiber´Â ºÐÆ÷°¡ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇϹǷΠNOTES¿¡¼´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Àü½Å¸¶Ã븦 ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±¹¼Ò¸¶Ãë·Î´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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