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[ESD ¿¬±¸È¸ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö]


ÀÌ·± ±¸µµÀÇ »çÁøÀ» º¸½Å ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ÁÂÀå º¸¸é¼­ »çÁø ÇÑ Àå Âï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.^^


1. Studies using on-line registry of ESD for early GI cancers (±èÁø¼ö, ÀÌÇ׶ô, ÀåÀ翵, ¹é±¤È£, ¼ºÀç±Ô)

EG junction cancerÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á» ´õ °í¹ÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. EndoTODAY¿¡¼­ ¾ðÁ¦ Çѹø Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¹ÚÁØö ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­´Â EUSÀÇ ½É´Þµµ Áø´Ü Á¤È®µµ°¡ À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù°í comment Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. Áï cardia cancer/EG junction cancer¿¡¼­´Â EUS Á¤È®µµ°¡ ³·±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °Ë»çÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ»±î »ý°¢µÇ´Â Á¤µµ¶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


2. Inevitable problems in ESD - video training

1) Complications of ESD (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø Ãֱ⵷)

Gastric ESD (Na S. Dis Dig Sci 2015): Early delayed bleeding (from 24 hours to 2nd look endoscopy) 9.1%, late delayed bleeding (from 2nd look endoscopy to 1 month): 4.3%

Àú´Â 2nd look endoscopy¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àִµ¥ Ãֱ⵷ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â ´Ã 2nd look endoscopy¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

Àú´Â µé¹®À̳ª ³¯¹® º´¼ÒÀÇ ESD ÈÄ ÇùÂøÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½Äµµ ESD ÈÄ steroid¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ intralesional steroid injectionÀ̳ª oral steroid¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ãֱ⵷ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­´Â cardia ESD ÈÄ °£È¤ intralesional triamcinolone injectionÀ» ÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ÁÖ»ç ½ÃÁ¡ (½Ã¼ú Á÷ÈÄ È¤Àº ´ÙÀ½ ³¯), ÁÖ»ç ºÎÀ§, ¿ë·® µîÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸íÈ®È÷ °áÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ´äº¯Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. Âü°í·Î 2014³â 10¿ù °­³²¼¼ºê¶õ½º ³»½Ã°æÄÁÆÛ·±½º¿¡¼­ ¾Æ»êº´¿ø ±èµµÈÆ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇϽŠ³»¿ëÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.


Intralesional steroid injection: triamcinolone, aliquots of 0.2ml at 10-40 mg/ml, inserted shallowly, 4 quadrants, 1 cm interval.

µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖÀ½.

  1. Multiple session injection: 3, 7, 10 days after ESD
  2. Single session injection immediately after ESD

'Single session injection immediately after ESD'¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¾Æ»êº´¿ø Á¤ÈÆ¿ë ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ Áõ·Êº¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ½ (Clin Endosc 2013;46:643-646). ESD·Î Á¡¸·ÇÏÃþÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø¾îÁø »óȲ¿¡¼­ Á¡¸·ÇÏÃþ¿¡ triamcinoloneÀ» ÁÖ»çÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷΠ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ½.

@ °æ±¸ ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵å: ESD 2-3ÀÏ° 30mgÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÈÄ ¸ÅÁÖ 30, 30, 25, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5·Î õõÈ÷ ÁÙ¿©³ª°£´Ù.


Duodenal ESD: perforation: 25-36%, delayed bleeding: 0-7%. ESGE does not recommend routine use of ESD for treatment of duodenal superficial lesions

[2023-12-4. Ãß°¡] Digestive Endoscopy 2023¿¡ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ³»½Ã°æÀýÁ¦¼ú ´Ù±â°ü¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 70.4%´Â ESD·Î ½Ã¼úÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ 3,047¿¹ Áß Ãµ°øÀÌ 132¿¹ (4.3%) ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Intraoperative perforatonÀÌ 108¿¹, delayed perforationÀÌ 24¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Delayed perforation 24¿¹ Áß 12¿¹¿¡¼­´Â ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °æÇèÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö¸é¼­ °ú°Åº¸´Ù´Â ´Ù¼Ò ³·¾ÆÁø °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

Delayed complications


2) Difficult lesions in stomach - ¼­¿ï¼º¸ðº´¿ø ¹ÚÀç¸í

Submucosal fatÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é ESD°¡ ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¹æÀÇ ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ³ô¾Æ¼­ ¹ß¿­ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Resistance (ohm): quality of tissue that impedes flow of current
- More resistance = less current flow
- Resistance: skin/mucosa > bone > fat > muscle > bowel wall (326 ohms) > blood
Management tips
- Look at the concealed blood vessel
- Make the sight clear
- Pre-coagulation before dissection
- Slow, slow, slow

¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ º¸¿©ÁֽŠÈï¹Ì·Î¿î ½½¶óÀ̵åÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àڽſ¡°Ô ¸Â´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾²µµ·Ï ±ÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÚÀç¸í ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â °¡Àå ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ¹æ¹ý(¾ÈÁ¤°¨À» Áß¿ä½Ã ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý)À» ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇϽʴϴÙ.


3) Difficult lesions in colon - ¼øõÇâ´ëÇб³ °íºÀ¹Î

Mucosal incision (Dual knife)Dry Cut E2 30W
Mucosal incision (Hook knife)Endo Cut E2 D2 I2
Submucosal dissection (Dual knife)Swift Coag E4 30W
Submucosal dissection (Hook knife)Swift Coag E4 40W
Coagulation (Coagrasper)Soft Coag E5 50W

°íºÀ¹Î ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ º¸¿©ÁֽŠÈï¹Ì·Î¿î ½½¶óÀ̵åÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1¹øÀÌ °¡Àå ½¬¿î °÷ÀÌ°í 6¹øÀÌ °¡Àå ¾î·Á¿î °÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Hepatic flexure¿Í splenic flexure°¡ °¡Àå ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½¬¿î °ÍºÎÅÍ ÀÍÈ÷°í Á¡Â÷ ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇսôÙ.


4) ESD training - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ ±è»ó±Õ

Training for ESD is necessary for
- Decision of adequate indication of ESD
- Complete en-bloc resection
- Management of complications
- Preparation of specimen
- Interpretation of pathologic results

Á¦°¡ comment¸¦ ÁغñÇߴµ¥ ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. "°£È¤ ÀϺ» º´¿ø¿¡ °¡ º¸¸é major center¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÒ ¶§ Àü±¹ °¢ÁöÀÇ ¿©·¯ ³»½Ã°æ ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ observationÀ» ÇÏ´Â Àå¸éÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ°ü·Ã Çмú´ëȸ°¡ ¿­¸®¸é Ÿ Áö¹æ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÌ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ Àú³á¿¡ Áý¿¡ °¡Áö ¾Ê°í ¿ù¿äÀÏ ¾Æħ¿¡ ¿©·¯ º´¿ø ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡¼­ observationÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÎ·¯¿î ¸ð½ÀÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­µµ ¼­·Î ¹æ¹®Çϱ⠿À» ¹úÀ̸é ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÐȸ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥º¸´Ù´Â ±×³É ¿©·¯ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÌ junior memberµéÀ» º¸³»ÁÖ½Ã¸é µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÇÊ¿ä¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×³É shadowingÀ» ÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù."


3. Endoscopic submucosal sugery - °¡ÃµÀÇ´ë ±è°æ¿À

ESE (endoscopic submucosal excavation)
- simply a technical extension of ESD
- widely practiced procedure

STER (submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection)
- mainly used in resecting esophageal and cardial SMT
- preserving the integrity of the covering mucosa → barrier against gas and liquid leak
- advantage over ESE : ???

Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper GI SMT. Chen T. Endoscopy 2015 Epub

À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±È£µÇ´Â Ä¡·á¹æ¹ýÀÌ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.

GIST ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ß ¿ì·Á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °í·Á´ë ÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â "well encapsulated GIST´Â Àç¹ßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Poorly encapsulated GIST´Â Àç¹ßÇÑ´Ù"°í ¸»¾¸Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.


4. ESD in the unusual site - °è¸í´ë µ¿»êº´¿ø Á¶±¤¹ü

°í·Á´ë ÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â 1 cm ³Ñ´Â ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå º´¼Ò´Â ESD¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.


5. NOTES study group

1) Endoscopic accessory from idea to products - °æºÏ´ëÇб³ Àü¼º¿ì

ÁÂÀåÀ̽ŠÀüÈÆÀç ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â "Àü¼º¿ì ¼±»ý´ÔÀº junior ¶§ºÎÅÍ R & D ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µÎ°í ȸ»ç¸¦ ⸳ÇÏ¿© ºí·ç¿À¼ÇÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¼Ò°³Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

Àü¼º¿ì ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â 2009³â 8¿ù ¹ýÀÎÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿´°í ÇöÀç ¿©·¯ Á¦Ç°À» ±¹³» ¹× ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ ÆǸÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Endoscoic knife = ÀÏȸ¿ë ¹ßÁ¶Àý½Ä Àü±â¼ö¼ú±â¿ë Àü±Ø

Áö¿ª±â¹ÝÀÇ »êÇп¬ Çùµ¿ ¸ðµ¨·Î Kobe Lifescience Cluster, ´ë±¸¿¬±¸°³¹ßƯ±¸ µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


2) Preclinical center - ÀÎÇÏ´ëÇб³ À̵·Çà

ÀǾàÇ° ºÐ¾ß Á¤ºÎ R & D ÅõÀÚ´Â ¿¬Æò±Õ 14.7%¾¿ ¼ºÀå ÁßÀ̳ª ½Å¾à°³¹ß ¼º°ú´Â ¹ÌÈíÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â medical device ºÐ¾ß·Î °ü½ÉÀÌ ¿Å°Ü°¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­µµ NDA (new drug approval) °Ç¼ö´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. IND (investigational new drug) ½ÂÀÎÀº ¸¹À¸³ª NDA ½ÂÀÎ °Ç¼ö´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

À̵·Çà ±³¼ö´ÔÀº NCEED (±¹°¡ÁöÁ¤ ¼ÒÈ­±âÁúȯ ÀÇ·áÁ¦Ç° À¯È¿¼ºÆò°¡ ¼­ºñ½º ¼¾ÅÍ)¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °è½Ê´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡ fund¸¦ 5³â (3+2) 15¾ïÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í ÀÎÇÏ´ëÇб³¿¡¼­´Â 300Æò °ø°£À» Á¦°øÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¿äÀÚ¸ÂÃãÇü °í³­À̵µ À¯È¿¼ºÆò°¡ ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Áö³­ 5³â µ¿¾È 148°ÇÀÇ À¯È¿¼º Æò°¡¸¦ Çß´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 98Á¾ÀÇ µ¿¹°¸ðµ¨ÀÌ setupµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëµ¿¹° ³»½Ã°æ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼­ Áö±Ý±îÁö 300¿©¸¶¸® µÅÁö ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ¿´°í Gastrointest Endosc µî ÁÖ¿ä Àú³Î¿¡ 6°³ ³í¹®ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¼Ûµµ±¹Á¦µµ½Ã¿¡ 'ÀÇ·áÆ®·¹ÀÌ´× ¼¾ÅÍ'°¡ 2017³â±îÁö ¼³¸³µÉ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ã¸²Çª½º ȸ»ç °ü·Ã »ç¾÷ÀÎ ¸ð¾çÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


3) Medical device R&DB strategy - Çѱ¹»ê¾÷±â¼úÆò°¡°ü¸®¿ø Ç㿵

10³â Àü¿¡µµ ±¹»êÀÇ·á±â±âÀÇ ¼¼°è½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²ÀÌ 2%¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ Áö±Ýµµ 2%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

»ê¾÷ºÎ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÇ·á±â±â°ü·Ã »ç¾÷
(1) »ê¾÷Çٽɱâ¼ú°³¹ß»ç¾÷ - ¿øõ±â¼úÇü (33%), Çõ½ÅÁ¦Ç°Çü (67%)
(2) ÇÙ½ÉÀÇ·á±â±âÁ¦Ç°È­±â¼ú°³¹ß»ç¾÷
(3) ½Å¼ºÀ嵿·ÂÀåºñ°æÀï·Â°­È­»ç¾÷(ÀÇ·áÀåºñ)


4) Hybrid NOTES for gastric tumor - ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ±èÂù±Ô


5) Function preserving surgery in EGC - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ ºÐ´çº´¿ø ¿Ü°ú ±èÇüÈ£

±èÇüÈ£ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº "Minimally invasive surgery´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â minimalÀÌÁö¸¸ ¿Ü°úÀǻ翡°Ô´Â maximally invasive surgeryÀÔ´Ï´Ù"¶ó´Â ¸»·Î °­ÀǸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

(1) Proximal gastrectomy°¡ Àα⸦ ÀÒÀº °ÍÀº oncologic safety¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ Àְųª functional outcomeÀÌ ³ªºü¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó reflux esophagitis³ª anastomtic stenosis¿Í °°Àº late complicationÀÌ ³ª»¦±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstructionÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ proximal gastrectomyº¸´Ù ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ Àû±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀç KLASS 05 ¿¬±¸·Î ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(2) Setinel node navigastion surgery (Simultaneous ICG and (99m)Tc-ASC-guided laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʱ⠿¬±¸: Park DJ. Ann Surg Oncol 2011): Sentinel node À½¼ºÀ̸é segmental resection¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Functional ÇÏ°Ô´Â ÈξÀ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ sentinel node positive°¡ »ý°¢º¸´Ù ³ô°í °£È¤ false negative°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç 2»ó ¿¬±¸ÀÌ°í 2016³â¿¡ 3³â survival rate°¡ ³ª¿À´Âµ¥ °á°ú°¡ ÁÁ´Ù¸é ºÐ´Ü¼­¿ï´ëº´¿ø ´Üµ¶À¸·Î 3»ó ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÒ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î º¹ÀâÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù±â°ü Àӻ󿬱¸¸¦ Çϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù (technically immature method).

Sentinel node¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 5°³ Á¤µµ´Â ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °£È¤ sentinel node¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Sentinel node¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã standard surgery·Î º¯°æÇؼ­ ¼ö¼úÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Sentinel node dissectionÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ¿¹¿¡¼­ Àç¹ßÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(3) Subepithelial tumor´Â stomach ¾ÈÀ¸·Î single port·Î ±â±¸¸¦ ³Ö¾î¼­ ¼ö¼úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(4) Single port gastrectomy´Â day 1°ú day 2¿¡ ÅëÁõÀÌ Àû°í ȯÀÚÀÇ ¸¸Á·µµ°¡ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â solo single port gastrectomy¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀþÀº ±³¼ö´Ôµéµµ °è½Ê´Ï´Ù.

±èÇüÈ£ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº "À§¾Ï ¼ö¼úÀº standardized surgery¿¡¼­ individualized surgery·Î º¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù"´Â ¸»·Î °­ÀǸ¦ ¸¶Ä¡¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.

@ Âü°í 1: EndoTODAY proximal gastrectomy

@ Âü°í 2: Proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2015) - ¹ÚµµÁß ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ Á¾¼³

@ Âü°í 3: EndoTODAY single port gastrectomy


6) Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal disease - ºÐ´çÂ÷º´¿ø ÈäºÎ¿Ü°ú ¹ÚÁؼ®

¹ÚÁؼ® ±³¼ö´ÔÀº thoracoscopic esophagectomy¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Boerhaarve rupture¿¡¼­µµ primary closure¸¦ Çϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ´ç Â÷º´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â 20¿¹ Á¤µµÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ Àִµ¥ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. GE junction¿¡¼­ left ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÅÍÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î diaphragm±îÁö exposureÇÏ¿© ¼ö¼úÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Çϳ׿ä.

ÁÂÀåÀ̽ŠÁ¶ÁÖ¿µ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­´Â Á¶±â½Äµµ¾ÏÀ» ESD ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀûÀ¸·Î lymph node dissectionÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÑÁö Áú¹®Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÚÁؼ® ¼±»ý´ÔÀº left recurrent laryngeal lymph node¸¦ ¹Ú¸®Çϱ⠾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ´äÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù (¾Æ·¡ ±×¸² ÂüÁ¶).


7) Implication for anesthesia - ºÐ´çÂ÷º´¿ø ¸¶Ãë°ú ¹ÚÁ¤Çö

Visceral fiber´Â ºÐÆ÷°¡ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇϹǷΠNOTES¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Àü½Å¸¶Ã븦 ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±¹¼Ò¸¶Ãë·Î´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

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