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1. Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) - ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ¹Ú¼öÁ¤
Classification | |
Erosive gastrointestinal disorders | - Inflammatory bowel disease - Gut malignancy - NSAID-induced enteropathy - Erosive gastropathy - Acute graft versus host disease - Pseudomembraneous enterocolitis - Intestinal lymphoma |
Non-erosive gastrointestinal disorders | - Celiac disease - Hypertrophic gastropathy - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis - Lymphocytic gastritis - Amyloidosis - Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) - Parasitic or viral gastroenteritis |
Impaired lymphatic drainage | - Intestinal lymphangiectasia - Congestive heart failure - Constrictive pericarditis - Portal hypertensive gastroenteropathy - Enteric-lymphatic fistula - Mesenteric venous thrombosis - Sclerosing mesenteritis - Neoplasia involving mesenteric lymph nodes or lymphatics |
Diagnosis of PLE |
1) alpha 1 anti-trypsin (A1AT) clearance 2) 99mTc-human serum albumin scintigraphy |
¹Ú¼öÁ¤ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ¹®Çå Áõ·Ê¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Áõ·ÊµéÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿© Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.
1) PLE associated with intestinal lipomatosis
2) PLE associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia
3) PLE associated with Giardia lamblia infection (Am J Case Rep 2014)
(A) Duodenal mucosa (H&E, 10¡¿) with focally complete villous atrophy and moderate lymphoplasmocytic and granulocytic infiltration of the L. propria, cryptitis, and focal crypt abscesses (arrow). (B) Multiple Giardia lamblia trophozoites (arrow) adjacent to the apical duodenal epithelium (H&E, 40¡¿).
4) PLE associated with enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
5) PLE associated with Sjogren's syndrome
6) PLE following remote Fontan procedure
7) Hemangioma of the small intestine complicated with PLE
8) Gastric carcinoma with PLE (Surg Today 2011)
9) Gastrojejunocolic fistula
10) PLE associated with SLE
Protein losing enteropathy setting¿¡¼ enteroscopyÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åä·ÐÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
[±èÁø¿À ±³¼ö´Ô comment]
ÀåÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÎ¾î¼ balloon enteroscopy°¡ ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Balloon°ú °ü·ÃµÈ õ°øµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é push enteroscopy·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
[À嵿°æ ÁÂÀå´Ô comment]
´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼ ¸»´ÜȸÀåÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Àú´Â 2015³â 9¿ù 19ÀÏ Á¦ÁÖ ³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ Á¦ÁÖÁöȸ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö¿¡¼ Á¦ÁÖ´ëÇб³ ¼ÛÇöÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ ¿À´Ã °ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ÇϽŠ¹Ù ÀÖ¾î ±× ³»¿ëÀ» ¼Ò°³µå·È½À´Ï´Ù.
[ÀÌÁØÇà comment]
¾î·ÈÀ» ÀûºÎÅÍ ¼³»ç°¡ ¸¹¾Ò°í 10¼¼ºÎÅÍ Àü½Å »ç¸¶±Í°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´°í ÃÖ±Ù ¼³»ç¿Í üÁß°¨¼Ò°¡ ½ÉÇß´ø Áõ·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Protein losing enteropathy, warts¸¦ PubMed¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿´´õ´Ï 5°³°¡ °Ë»öµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ¸ðµÎ intestinal lymphangiectasia¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ºüÁö´Ùº¸´Ï ¸é¿ª·ÂÀÌ ¶³¾îÁ®¼ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °¨¿°ÀÎ »ç¸¶±Í°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¿ÜºÎ ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼ ƯÀ̼ҰßÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ÙÁö¸¸ À§³»½Ã°æ°ú ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀ» Àç°ËÇÏ¿© ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß°ú Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç ¼Ò°ßÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¡·á´Â ÀúÁö¹æ, °í´Ü¹é ½ÄÀÌ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ Ä®½·, ¸¶±×³×½· °°Àº ÀüÇØÁú º¸ÃæÀÌ ÀÖ°í, Ç×ÇöóÁî¹Î ¿ä¹ý, octreotide µîÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ÇÑ°èÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Terminal illiumÀÇ Á¶Á÷»çÁøÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú¹èÀ²·Î º¸¸é Ç÷°üÀÇ »óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÌ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ lymphatics ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖº¯Àº lamina propria ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á»´õ °í¹èÀ²¿¡¼ º¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ vascular structure°¡ º¸À̴µ¥ ÀÌ´Â Á¤»óÁ¶Á÷¿¡¼´Â º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ã¾î³ lymphatics ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í lamina propria¿¡ cytoplasmÀÌ ¸¹°í ºÒÅõ¸íÇÑ lipid-laden macrophage°¡ ¹¶ÃÄÀִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â xanthomaÀÔ´Ï´Ù. D2-40´Â lymphaticsÀÇ endothelial cell¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â markerÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º¸½Ã´Â °Íó·³ ´Ã¾î³ lympaticsÀ» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. CD68Àº macrophage ¸¶Ä¿Àε¥ lympatics¿¡¼ leakageµÈ lipid¸¦ ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ð¿©µç macrophage°¡ °¥»öÀ¸·Î ¿°»öµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ¼Ò°ßÀº lymphangiectasiaÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÀû Á¶Á÷ÇÐÀû ¼Ò°ßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2. Áõ·Ê·Î Ç®¾îº¸´Â ¼ÒÀå Á¾¾ç Áø´Ü Àü·« - °¡Å縯ÀÇ´ë ±èÁø¼ö
´Ù¾çÇÑ Áõ·Ê¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ½Ã°£À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ obscure GI bleedingÀÇ diagnostic algorithm¿¡¼ 'capsule endoscopy¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÌ»ó ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é enteroscopy ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÑ´Ù' ºÎºÐ¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î¼ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ comment¸¦ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
¾Æ¸¶µµ 2015³â 9¿ù ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ACG guidelineÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ algorithmÀ̾ú´ø °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. 2015³â °¡À̵å¶óÀο¡´Â "Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) should be considered as a first-line procedure for SB evaluation after upper and lower GI sources have been excluded, including second-look endoscopy when indicated (strong recommendation, moderate level of evidence)."¶ó°í ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¹Ùµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ¹«¸®´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àú´Â CTµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¼ö¼úÀå¿¡ º¸³½´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á obscure GI bleedingÀÇ Ã¹ °Ë»ç°¡ CT ȤÀº CT enteroscopy°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÂÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» ±×³É ´ä½ÀÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒÁö Àß »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç Àú´Â ¼ö³â Àü¿¡ capsule endoscopy µî ¿©·¯ °Ë»ç¿¡¼ Áø´ÜÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´ø ȯÀÚ°¡ ¿ì¿¬È÷ ÀÀ±Þ½ÇÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© CT °Ë»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¼ÒÀå GIST·Î Áø´ÜµÈ °æ¿ì¸¦ °æÇèÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å EndoTODAY¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© µÎ¼¼¹ø ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´Ù½Ã Çѹø ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³Ê¹« Áß¿äÇÑ Áõ·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °Ç°°ËÁø ¸í¸ñÀ¸·Î ÀûÀÀÁõµµ ¾øÀÌ ¸¶±¸ CT¸¦ Âï¾î´ë´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ¼ÒÀåÃâÇ÷ ȯÀÚÀÇ CT¸¦ ÁÖÀúÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ü½À´Ï´Ù.
Capsule endoscopy°¡ ±¹³»¿¡ óÀ½ µµÀԵǴø ½ÃÀýÀÇ È¯ÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Recurrent melena·Î capsule endoscopy, angiography, RBC scanµîÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´À¸³ª Áø´ÜµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÀÀ±Þ½Ç·Î ¿À¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Ã ÀÀ±Þ½Ç protocolÀº À§Àå°ü ÃâÇ÷¿¡¼ »óÇϺΠ³»½Ã°æ¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é CT¸¦ Âï´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ü¼øÇÑ protocolÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Simplicity. KISS (keep it simple and smart).
CT¿¡¼ Áï½Ã mass°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú°í ¼ö¼úÇÏ¿© GIST°¡ ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
ȯÀÚ°¡ ¹°¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. "ÁøÀÛ CT¸¦ ÂïÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä?" Àú´Â ±Ã»öÇÑ ´äº¯À» ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. "±Û½ê¿ä..... ±Û½ê¿ä..... ¹¹¶ö±î..... Àú¾ß ¿À´Ã óÀ½ ȯÀÚºÐÀ» ÁøÂûÇÑ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°Å »óȲÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸..... ÀúÈñ°¡ CT¸¦ Âï¾î Áø´ÜÇÏ¿´´ø °ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ¿ì¿¬¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù°í º¸½Ã¸é µÇ´Âµ¥¿ä.... Ã¥¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Â ¿øÄ¢Àº ±×ÂÊ º´¿ø¿¡¼ ÇÏ¿´´ø °Í´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Â½À´Ï´Ù..... ±³°ú¼ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì CT¸¦ ÂïÀ¸¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.....ÀúÈñ¾ß ¿©·¯ °Ë»ç¿¡¼ Áø´ÜÀÌ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Ï ±Ã¿©ÁöÃ¥À¸·Î CT¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä..... ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾ø¾î ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°í º¸½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù..... Àú¾ß ´ÜÁö ¿îÀÌ ÁÁ¾Ò´ø °ÍÀ̶ó°í..... ..... ..... ¾î¤jµç ´ÙÇàÀÔ´Ï´Ù... Áö±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ Áø´ÜÇؼ....."
¿Ö CT¶ó´Â ½¬¿î ±æÀ» ³öµÎ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¦ ¿Õâ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀϱî¿ä? ´ç½Ã obscure GI bleedingÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ±³°ú¼¸¦ º¸¸é ¾îµð¿¡µµ CT¸¦ ÂïÀ¸¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Angiography, RBC scan, Capsule endoscopy, enteroscopyµî ¾î·Æ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¸ ÀÜ¶à ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±³°ú¼ÀÇ ÀúÀڵ鵵 fancyÇÑ °Ë»ç¿¡ ²ø¸®´Â ¸ð¾çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À¯ÇàÀ̶ö±î... trend¶ö±î... ¹¹ ±×·± °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. CT¾ß ³Ê¹« Æò¹üÇÑ °Ë»çÀ̹ǷΠÁø´Ü algorithm¿¡ ³Ö´Â °ÍÀº Ã̽º·´´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¸ð¾çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±³°ú¼ ÀúÀÚµéÀÌ ±×·± »óȲÀÌ´Ï ¿ì¸®°°Àº Æò¹üÇÑ ÀÇ»çµéÀº Ã¥À» º¸°í ±×´ë·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÇлýÀÌ¾ß ¼±»ý´Ô ¸»¾¸´ë·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä. ±×·±µ¥ ¼±»ý´Ôµµ Àΰ£ÀÎÁö¶ó À¯Çà¿¡ ²ø¸®´Â ¸ð¾çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹¹ »çÁ¤Àº ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? ±³°ú¼¸¦ µû¶ó Çϸé Áø´ÜµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »çÁ¤À» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? ±³°ú¼°¡ ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¸¦ cover ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸öÀº ÀÇÇÐ ±³°ú¼°¡ coverÇϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? ±³°ú¼º¸´Ù Æò¹üÇÑ ÀÇ»çÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ ´õ Áß¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä?
FancyÇÑ °Ë»çº¸´Ù ¿À·¡µÇ°í ÈçÇÑ Æò¹üÇÑ º¸Åë °Ë»ç, Ã̽º·´´Ù°í ´À²¸Áö´Â ½Î°í Àͼ÷ÇÑ °Ë»ç°¡ ´õ ÁÁÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »õ ½Å¹ßº¸´Ù Çå ½Å¹ßÀÌ ÆíÇÑ ¿ø¸®¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. CT´Â °¡°Ý´ëºñ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÁÁÀº °Ë»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾à°£ÀÇ radiation hazard°¡ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÓ»óÀû À¯¿ë¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇϸé Å©°Ô ¹®Á¦µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×·¸°Ô ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.
Obscure GI bleeding¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ±Ù review¿¡¼ CT°¡ ºÎÈ°ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ó¸¶³ª ¹Ý°©´øÁö..... ¾Ë°íº¸´Ï ¿¹Àü ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ÁÁ¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä. ±¸°üÀÌ ¸í°üÀÎ °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
FancyÇÑ °Í ³Ê¹« ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¸¿½Ã´Ù. º¸±â ÁÁÀº ¶±ÀÌ ¸Ô±â¿¡´Â ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¾Æ»êº´¿ø º¯Á¤½Ä ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â CT Áß¿¡¼ CT enteroscopy°¡ ÁÁ´Ù°í comment Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. µ¿ÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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* Âü°í: EndoTODAY obscure GI bleeding
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