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Àú´Â °£¾Ï Àü¹®°¡´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù¸¸ ¾Ï°ËÁø Àü¹Ý¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¿¬È÷ °£ Àü¹®°¡ ÇÑ ¼±»ý´Ô°ú Åä·ÐÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» ¿ä¾àÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°ËÁø(screening)¿¡´Â Ç×»ó µÎ°¡Áö issue°¡ µû¶ó´Ù´Ï´Âµ¥, mortality reduction°ú cost-effectivenessÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

1) Mortality reduction Ãø¸é: °£¾ÏÀÇ °æ¿ì mortality reductionÀ» Áõ¸íÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ù°Å´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ RCT(J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ¹Ì±¹ NIH¿¡¼­´Â ³í¹® ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ ÇÑ°è°¡ ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â RCT·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç ¿¬±¸ ´ë»óÀÚ°¡ screeningÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¸» °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿´À¸¹Ç·Î RCT´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ °£¾Ï screening¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RCT ÀÚ·á´Â ¾ø´Â ¼ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß Àü¹®°¡µéÀº RCT´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿©·¯ cohort ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, °íÀ§Ç豺ÀÌ Àß Á¤¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °íÀ§Ç豺À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ surveillance´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

2) ºñ¿ë-È¿°ú Ãø¸é: 2002³â ±¹°¡¾Ï°ËÁø »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ³²ÀÚ 30¼¼ÀÌ»ó, ¿©ÀÚ 40¼¼ ÀÌ»ó °íÀ§Ç豺(BÇü°£¿°, CÇü°£¿°, °£°æº¯)¿¡¼­ 6°³¿ù ÃÊÀ½Æĸ¦ ±Ç°íÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ ºñ¿ë ¹× ÇàÁ¤»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¿¬·ÉÀº 40¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ¼ºÀÎ ³²³à·Î, °£°ÝÀº ¿¬ 1ȸ·Î º¯°æµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °íÀ§Ç豺ÀÇ ¼±Á¤Àº ÀÇ·á±â°ü¿¡¼­ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ »óº´ ÄÚµå(°£°æº¯, ¸¸¼º°£¿° ÄÚµå)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óº´Äڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ °ËÁøÀ» ¼Òµæ »óÀ§ 50%´Â 10%ºÎ´ã, ÇÏÀ§ 50%´Â Àü¾× ¹«·á·Î ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ + AFP °ÇÁø ¾È³»ÀåÀ» º¸³»°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

°£¾Ï °ËÁø¿¡´Â À¯È¿¼º°ú ºñ¿ëÈ¿°úºÐ¼®ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ Ãø¸é ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸º¸È£ Ãø¸éÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡°¡ º°µµÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ °³ÀÎÀÇ »óº´Äڵ带 ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Â÷¶ó±â Àü±¹¹ÎÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÀÏÁ¤ ¿¬·É¿¡ Ç÷¾×°Ë»ç(BÇü °£¿°¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Ç׿ø, CÇü °£¿°¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Ç×ü, Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ)¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© °íÀ§Ç豺À» ¼±º°ÇÏ´Â ¼±¿¡¼­ ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶²°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â Àü¹®°¡µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Surveillance¿Í screeningÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏÀÚ´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®µµ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. °íÀ§ÇèȯÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î °Ë»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº screeningÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó surveillanceÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾Ï °ËÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹°¡ ±Ç°í¾È Àç°³Á¤ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÇöÀç ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾öÀÌ °³ÃÖµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÃßÈÄ °ËÁø ´ë»ó°ú °£°ÝÀÌ Á¶Á¤µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÁöÄѺ¼ À̽´ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


À¯ÀÏÇÑ RCT¶ó´Â Áß±¹ ³í¹®(J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004)À» ±¸ÇØ »ìÆ캸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¹«ÀÛÀ§¹èÁ¤ ºÎºÐÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÀ§ cluster randomization ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

These subjects were recruited into our program from January 1993 to December 1995. With a view to feasibility and potential bias of the study, simple cluster sampling was carried out. Every ¡®factor¡¯, ¡®enterprise¡¯, or ¡®school¡¯ was regarded as a unit. This ensured that all eligible members of the unit were allocated to the same group. These units were randomly allocated to a screening (9,757) or no screening (control, 9,443) group. In the screening group, 384 subjects refused to participate to the program (Fig. 1). Controls were identified but received no intervention, and continued to use health-care facilities as usual. This approach was judged to be ethical at the time of study design. The study was approved by Fudan Medical School Ethics Committee.

¸¹Àº Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Áø½Ç¼º¿¡ ÀǽÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿©ÇÏÆ° ³í¹®ÀÇ °á°ú´Â ±Ù»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²À» º¸½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.


J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004


°£¾Ï ºÎºÐÀº Á¦ Àü°øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò »Ó´õ·¯ °íÀ§Ç豺À» µû·Î ¼±Á¤ÇÑ °ËÁøÀ̶ó´Â Ư¼ö¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °£¾Ï °ËÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÊ°í (2014-11-29)¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ÈÄ ¸î ºÐÀÇ Àü¹®°¡¿¡°Ô »çÀü °ËÅ並 ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ ÀϺΠ³»¿ëÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Àü¹®°¡ »çÀü °ËÅä ÀÇ°ßÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


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¹Ù»Û Áß¿¡µµ ´Ù¹æ¸é¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í Á¤¸®Çϴµ¥ °æÀǸ¦ Ç¥ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÑ RCT¹æ¹ýÀº cluster randomization ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °³Àκ°·Î ¹«ÀÛÀ§ ¹èÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ȸ»ç ȤÀº °øÀåÀ» ¹«ÀÛÀ§ ¹èÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. A ȸ»ç Á÷¿øµéÀº Àü¿ø ½ºÅ©¸®´×À» ÇÏ°í, Bȸ»ç Á÷¿øµéÀº Àü¿ø ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½ÄÀÎ °ÅÁÒ. ´ë±Ô¸ð ½ºÅ©¸®´× ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ °¡²û »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â Áß°£¿¡ drop out ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³Ê¹« ³ô¾Ò´Ù´Âµ¥ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ³»¸é¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´õ Å« ¹®Á¦´Â °ú¿¬ ³í¹®¿¡ ±â¼úµÈ ±×´ë·Î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸¹Àº Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ³í¹®ÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÁÒ. ±×·¯³ª, °£¾Ï surveillance·Î »ç¸Á·üÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÔÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿¬±¸À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀοëµÇ°í ¹Ì±¹, À¯·´ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ ±Ç°í¾ÈÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó °£¾Ï Á¶±â°ËÁø »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ±â¼úÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸Â½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸º¸È£ °ü·ÃÇÑ ºñÆÇÀº Á¶±Ý °úÇÑ ´À³¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ï Á¶±â°ËÁø »ç¾÷Àº '¾Ï°ü¸®¹ý'À̶ó´Â Ưº°¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (ÀÌÁØÇà ÁÖ - ¾ÏÁ¤Ã¥Àº 2003³â¿¡ Á¦Á¤µÈ ¾Ï°ü¸®¹ý°ú µ¿¹ý ½ÃÇà·É, ½ÃÇà±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ÃßÁøµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Ï°ü·ÃÇÑ ¹ý·ü·Î¼­ ¾Ï°ü¸®¹ý(½ÃÇà 2010.3.19)¿Ü ¾Ï°ü¸® ½ÃÇà·É(½ÃÇà 2010.3.19)°ú ¾Ï°ü¸® ½ÃÇà±ÔÄ¢(½ÃÇà 2010.3.19)ÀÌ °³Á¤µÇ¾î ¿î¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ó¼¼³»¿ëÀº ±¹°¡¾ÏÁ¤º¸¼¾ÅÍ ÂüÁ¶) °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸º¸È£¹ýÀº ÀϹݹýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹ý¿¡´Â ¿ìÀ§°³³äÀÌ Àִµ¥, Ưº°¹ýÀº ÀϹݹýº¸´Ù ¿ìÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¾Ï Á¶±â°ËÁø »ç¾÷Àº °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸º¸È£¹ýÀÇ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

»ç½Ç °£¾Ï Á¶±â°ËÁø»ç¾÷ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸À¯Ã⺸´Ù´Â ±ÔÁ¤µÈ °íÀ§Ç豺ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °Ë»ç¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °æÈñ´ëº´¿ø Á¶»ç(Korean J Med. 2013)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é °£¾Ï Á¶±â °ËÁøÀ» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé Áß ¹«·Á 50%°¡ °£°æÈ­ÁõÀ̳ª ¸¸¼º°£¿°ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù (Àü¹® PDF).


Distribution of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in subjects (n = 492) who participated in the National Liver Cancer Surveillance Program (Korean J Med. 2013)

ÀÌ´Â ºñ¿ëÈ¿À²À» ½É°¢È÷ ÀúÇؽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, °ü¸®°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÅÁÒ. ±×·¡µµ ¾ÈÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ³´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¦ »ý°¢ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


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ÇöÀçÀÇ °£¾Ï±¹°¡°ËÁø ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ °³ÀÎÀÇ º´¸íÀ» ¼öÁýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ ¸é¿¡¼­ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í Àúµµ »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ƯÁ¤ ¿¬µµ±â°£¿¡ ž »ç¶÷ ¶Ç´Â ƯÁ¤³ªÀÌ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ HBsAg, anti-HCV µî °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ Ÿ´çÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °á°ú¸¦ Å뺸ÇØÁÖ°í ±×ÈÄ¿¡ ¾ç¼ºÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áø·á¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº º´ÀÇ¿øÀÌ ¸Ã¾Æ¾ßÇÒ ÀÏÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


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¼±»ý´Ô, ¾Æ·¡ º¸³» ÁֽŠ³»¿ëÀº Àß Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸ º¸È£¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ß¿¡µµ Âù¼ºÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ »ç¾÷ÀÌ ³ª¸§ÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ °ÅµÎ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¸Å­ "Áß´Ü"À̶ó´Â Ç¥Çöº¸´Ù´Â "´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯°æ"¿¡ ´õ ¹«°Ô¸¦ µÎ¾úÀ¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±¹°¡ 5´ë¾Ï °ËÁø »ç¾÷ Áß °£¾Ï °ËÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹°¡ ±Ç°í¾È Àç°³Á¤ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÇöÀç ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç 2014.11.28ÀÏ¿¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾öÀÌ °³ÃÖµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ¾î ÃßÈÄ °ËÁø ´ë»ó°ú °£°ÝÀÌ Á¶Á¤µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¸í±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶³±î ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) EndoTODAY ¾Ï°ËÁø

2) °£¾Ï °ËÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÊ°í (2014-11-29)

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng