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[Esophageal melanocytosis - malignant melanoma ¹ß»ýÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ°¡?] - ðû

[ÀÌÁØÇàÀÇ ÀáÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿ä¾à (2017-11-28)]

Melanosis (melanin À̳ª lipofuscinÀÇ Ä§Âø¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿ë¾î)´Â benignÀÌ Æ²¸²¾ø´Â °Í °°Áö¸¸, melanocytosis (melanin »ý¼º ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Áõ°¡)¿¡¼­´Â malignant melenoma ¹ß»ýÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù. ¹®Çå º¸°íµµ ÀÖ°í °³ÀÎÀû °æÇèµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ½Äµµ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ melanocytosis¿Í melanosis°¡ ¸íÈ®È÷ ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê°í º¸°íµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ï¹ß»ý À§ÇèÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Â µÎ ¿ë¾î´Â ±¸ºÐÇؼ­ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


1. Melanocytosis Á¤ÀÇ (melanocytosis°¡ ¸Â´Â°¡ melanosis°¡ ¸Â´Â°¡?)

Melanocytosis´Â ÇǺο¡ ¸¹Àº Çö»óÀ̹ǷΠÇǺΰú Àǻ翡°Ô ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

ÇǺΰú ÀÇ»ç ´äº¯: "Melanocyte°¡ Áõ°¡Çϸé melanocytosisÀÌ°í melanin pigment°¡ Áõ°¡Çϸé melanosisÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ melanosis´Â melanocytosis¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ»ç½Ç µÑÀº ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °£È¤ melanocyte´Â Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í melanin¸¸ Áõ°¡µÈ melanosisµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Melanoma(atypical melanocytes¸¦ º¸ÀÓ)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌ»óÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÃßÀû°üÂûÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸ º° ¹®Á¦´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù."

½Äµµ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ melanosis·Î ³ª¿À¸é ´ëºÎºÐ melanocytosisÀÔ´Ï´Ù. H & E ¿°»öÀ¸·Î melanocyte ±¸ºÐÀÌ ½±Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º´¸®°ú ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÌ melanocytosis·Î Áø´ÜÀ» ºÙÀ̱⺸´Ù´Â melanosis·Î Áø´ÜÀ» ÁÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Àº °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ "melanocytisis = melanosis"´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ¸®ºä(Chang. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006)¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ³»¿ëÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

Although the term melanosis was used in most of the previous reports, this term does not accurately describe the increased number of melanocytes found in this condition. In addition, this term is a generic term describing conditions in which there is an abnormal grayish black or brownish black pigmentation and does not imply that the underlying pigment is specifically melanin.

For example, the melanosis described in the duodenum, ileum, and colon is characterized by the presence of pigmented macrophages containing ¡®¡®pseudomelanin¡¯¡¯ in the lamina propria without the participation of melanocytes. Pseudomelanin has been shown to be lipomelanin, a mixture of lipofuscin and melanin, which presents as aggregates of electron-dense granules within macrophages. Therefore, the unhelpful term esophageal melanosis should be avoided in pathology reports.


2. Melanocytosis º´¸®


3. Melanocytosis °¡ melanomaÀÇ precursorÀΰ¡?

Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ½Äµµ¿¡´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ melanocyte°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼­ melanocytosisµµ »ý±â°í melanomaµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â melanocytosis°¡ melanoma·Î ÁøÇàÇϴ°¡´Â ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Áõ·Êº¸°í¸¸ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Õ¼­ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ¸®ºä(Chang. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006)¿¡¼­´Â ¾à°£ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Endoscopic melanocytosis of the esophagus has been reported in patients with anal melanoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Notably, melanocytosis has been described in 25% to 30% of surgical specimens of esophagus containing primary malignant melanomas, and this lesion has been suggested to be a precursor of melanoma by some authors. However, no follow-up information is currently available, and there is no documented case in the literature in which esophageal melanocytosis progressed to esophageal melanoma.

Upper aerodigestive tractÀÇ squamous cell carcinoma¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¤¼³Àº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

Anal melanoma¿ÍÀÇ °ü·Ã¼ºÀº ºÒ¸íÈ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àؾî¹ö·Áµµ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


4. ³»½Ã°æ ¼Ò°ß

Á¦°¡ °æÇèÇÑ melanocytosis Áß °¡Àå ÇöÀúÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ù Áø´Ü 7³â ÈÄ melanoma·Î progressionÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

6³â ÈÄ. Mass°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ malignant melanoma·Î ³ª¿È.

´ÙÀ½Àº Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼­ melanosis·Î º¸°íµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª melanocytosis·Î »ý°¢µÇ´Â ¿¹ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾Æ·¡ ³í¹®µµ melanosis·Î µÇ¾îÀÖÁö¸¸ melanocytosis°¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


5. °¨º°Áø´Ü

1) Esophageal melanoma

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is also rare, with an incidence of 0.0036 in 100,000. It represents approximately 0.1% to 0.2% of all esophageal neoplasms. So far, less than 200 cases of esophageal melanoma have been published worldwide. Endoscopically, it often presents as pigmented or nonpigmented polypoid mass in the middle or lower esophagus. Histologically, melanoma is composed of epithelioid cells arranged in nests or spindle cells arranged in fascicles, with or without deposition of melanin pigment. The nuclei of the melanocytes were typically large and round or oval with a vesicular chromatin pattern and distinct or prominent nucleoli. Nuclear pseudo-inclusions were often readily identified. Most of the tumors are highly cellular and contain numerous mitotic figures. If a tumor is amelanotic, it may be difficult to recognize as malignant melanoma without ancillary immunohistochemical staining. Lentiginous or pagetoid intraepithelial spread is often present in esophageal mucosa adjacent to the invasive melanoma. These intraepithelial melanocytes are apparently atypical and frankly malignant in nature and are readily distinguishable from the simple melanocytosis. ence of heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes in stromal tissue differentiate the lesion from melanoma and melanocytosis. (Chang. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006)

2) Pseudomelanosis - Anthracosis, exogenous dye ingestion, hemosiderosis, lipofuscin deposition. easily excluded after histologic and histochemical examination.

3) Black esophagus - Dark-pigmented esophagus with ulcerations which corresponds to severe acute inflammation with mucosal necrosis seen on histologic examination. The etiological factor involved seems to be ischemic injury caused by arteriolosclerosis, arterial thrombosis, or aortic dissection.

4) Melanocytic nevus

Melanocytic nevi are uncommonly seen in the esophageal mucosa. To our knowledge, only a single case of blue nevus is found in the literature, and this was reported by Lam et al from a 52-year-old Chinese woman who presented with linear patches of bluish pigmentation in her lower esophagus. Like its cutaneous and mucosal counterparts, this is characterized by the presence of dendritic melanocytes in the subepithelial connective tissue without junctional melanocytic activity. The absence of cytologic atypia and the presence of heavily pigmented dendritic melanocytes in stromal tissue differentiate the lesion from melanoma and melanocytosis. (Chang. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006)


6. º´¸®°ú ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ß (Pº´¿ø J±³¼ö´Ô)

Á¦°¡ °¡²û ÀÚ¹®À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ º´¸®°ú ¼±»ý´Ô²² melanocytosis¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¿©ÂÞ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±Ù»çÇÑ ´äº¯À» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

"ÇǺΰú ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ¸Â´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇǺθ¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ Àå±â, ´«À̳ª ½Äµµ µî¿¡¼­´Â melanocytosis¿Í melanosis¸¦ °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀοëÇϽŠArch Pathol Lab MedÀÇ ³í¹® ³»¿ë°ú °°ÀÌ, ´ëÀå¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â melanosis coli¶ó´Â º´º¯Àº melanin pigment ¶Ç´Â melanocyteÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í´Â »ó°ü¾ø´Â lipofuscinÀ» ÁÖ¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ÇÑ pseudomelanosisÀ̾, À§Àå°ü¿¡¼­ melanosis¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ È¥µ¿ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µì´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç ½Äµµ¿¡¼­´Â melanosis¿Í melanocytosis¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ µ¿ÀǾîó·³ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, È¥µ¿À» ÇÇÇϱâÀ§Çؼ­´Â melanocytosis¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÀûÀýÇØ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù."


[FAQ]

[2015-3-12. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

½Äµµ¿¡¼­ »çÁø°ú °°Àº º´º¯À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿© Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, "mildly thickened esophageal mucosal tissue with increased melanin pigments in basal layer, suggestive of melanocytosis"·Î ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.

Esophageal melanocytosis¸¦ °Ë»öÇؼ­ ÇÑ ¸®ºä(Chang. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006)¸¦ º¸´Ï, °á·ÐÀº benignÀÌÁö¸¸ anal melanoma³ª esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in situ¿¡¼­ µ¿¹ÝµÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ¿¡¼­ dark brown colorÀÇ pigmentationÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¸î¹ø ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, Á¤ÀÛ Á¶Á÷°á°ú°¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ª¿Â °ÍÀº ±×³É f/uÇصµ ÁÁÀºÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é µ¿¹ÝµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â carcinoma in situ °°Àº »óȲÀ» ³õÃÆÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, 3Â÷ º´¿øÀ¸·Î ÀÇ·ÚÇØ¾ß ÁÁÀ»Áö °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ °í°ß ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù.

[2015-3-12. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

Ç×¹®À̳ª ´Ù¸¥ °÷À» °ÆÁ¤ÇÒ »óȲÀº ¾Æ´Ñ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. 6°³¿ù ÈÄ ÃßÀû³»½Ã°æ Á¤µµ¸é ¾î¶³±î¿ä?

[2017-11-28. Ãß°¡] Esophageal melanosis°¡ melanoma·Î progressionÇÑ ¿µ³²´ë Áõ·Êº¸°í°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (½ÄµµÀÇ melanosis¿¡¼­ ¾Ç¼ºº¯È­ÇÑ ¿ø¹ß¼º ¾Ç¼º Èæ»öÁ¾ 1¿¹. ´ëÇѳ»°úÇÐȸÁö 2001). Àúµµ °æÇèÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Follow up ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾øÀ¸³ª ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±× °¡´É¼ºÀ» °æ°íÇØ µÑ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ÀÖÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) Esophageal melanoma ½Äµµ Èæ»öÁ¾

2) Esophageal melanocytosis

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.