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2015³â 11¿ù 8ÀÏ »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø º»°ü ´ë°­´ç¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° ´ëÇѼÒÈ­±â±â´É¼ºÁúȯ¿îµ¿ÇÐȸ ¿¬¼ö°­Á¿¡ ´Ù³à¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. Nonceliac gluten and wheat sensitivity: is it matter in Asia? ¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ °æ»ó´ëÇб³ ±èÇöÁø ±³¼öÀÇ °­ÀǸ¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.


1. ±Û·çÅÙÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

±Û·çÅÙÀ̶õ °î·ù(ÁÖ·Î ¹Ð, º¸¸®, È£¹Ð µî)¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ºÒ¿ë¼º ´Ü¹éÁúÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çÅÙÀÇ ¾çÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÒ¼ö·Ï °î¹°¹ÝÁ׿¡ ź·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ°í À½½ÄÀÌ Â̱êÇØÁý´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çÅÙ ÇÔ·®ÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é °­·ÂºÐ, Áß°£ÀÌ Á߷ºÐ, ÀûÀ¸¸é ¹Ú·ÂºÐÀ̶ó ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çÅÙÀº 50-70% ¿¡Åº¿Ã¿¡ ³ì´Â gliadin°ú ³ìÁö ¾Ê´Â gluteninÀ¸·Î ³ª´¹´Ï´Ù.


2. Celiac º´À̶õ?

Celiac º´Àº À¯ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î °¨¼ö¼º Àִ ȯÀÚ(¿¹, HLA DQ2/8)¿¡¼­ ±Û·çÅÙ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯¹ßµÈ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¡¸· ¸é¿ªÀÛ¿ëÀÇ ÀÇÇØ ¼ÒÀåÀÇ ¸¸¼º ¿°Áõ°ú Èí¼öÀå¾Ö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÁúȯÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡ celiac º´ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. 1°³ÀÇ Áõ·Êº¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª (Gweon TG. Korean J Gastroenterol 2013), celiac º´¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ °üÂûµÇ´Â ÀÚ°¡Ç×üÀÎ IgA endomysial antibody¿Í IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody°¡ ¸ðµÎ À½¼ºÀ̾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¤¸» celiac º´ÀÌ ¸Â´ÂÁö ³í¶õÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ç×ü¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ º¸´Ù ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÀÓ»ó»óÀ» °¡Áø celiac º´ Áõ·Ê´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ º¸°íµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

An 36-years-old woman complained non-specific abdominal pain and diarrhea. She had anemia and was taking medication for osteoporosis. Colonoscopy showed no abnormality except shallow ulcer at the terminal ileum. Gastroduodenoscopy showed micronodularity at the duodenum 2nd and 3rd portion. Capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy showed villous atrophy and blunting of villi from the duodenum. Small intestinal pathology showed villous atrophy with lymphocyte infiltration. After gluten free diet, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia and osteoporosis were improved. And, she felt well-being sensation.


3. ±Û·çÅÙ ¿¬°üÁúȯ (gluten-related disorders)ÀÇ Á¾·ù

±Û·çÅÙ ¿¬°üÁúȯ (gluten-related disorders)Àº ´Ù¾çÇѵ¥ ±âÀü¿¡ µû¶ó ¼¼ Á¾·ù·Î ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(1) ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ª(autoimmune)°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌ celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten ataxiaÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

(2) ¾Ë·¯Áö¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î respiratory wheat allergy, food wheat allergy, wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(3) ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ªµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¾Ë·¯Áöµµ ¾Æ´Ñ (not autoimmune, not allergic = innate) Á¾·ù°¡ gluten sensitivityÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ Áß ¼¿¸®¾Çº´°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÑ Áõ»óÀÌ ±Û·çÅÙ ½ÄÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö¸¸ À¯ÀüÀû ¿øÀÎÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ºñ¼¿¸®¾Ç ±Û·çÅÙ/¹Ð°¡·ç ¹Î°¨¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ´Ã¾î°¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

APT 2015


4. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)
- Adverse reaction to gluten/pther wheat proteins (NCWS)
- Negative serology/histology (non-diagnostic for CD)
- Negative specific IgE to wheat/gluten and prick tests
- Gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms
- Improvement with a gluten free diet/challenge re-evokes symptoms

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity¿¡¼­´Â IgA anti-transglutaminase¿Í IgA anti-endimysial antibody°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Ç¥Áö°¡°¡ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. IgG anti-gliadinÀÌ 50%¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Âµ¥, gluten free diet ÈÄ °¨¼ÒµÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù (Caio G. BMC Gastroenterology 2014)

Caio 2014

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â gluten¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Áõ»óÀÌ À¯¹ßµÇ´ÂÁö, glutenÀ» ²÷À¸¸é Áõ»óÀÌ È£ÀüµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ð°¡·ç¸¦ ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¹è°¡ ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù°í Çϴµ¥ ¹Ð°¡·ç¸¦ ²÷¾îµµ Áõ»óÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ȯÀÚ°¡ ÈçÇѵ¥ À̵éÀº celiac º´ ȤÀº non-celiac gluten sensitivity·Î º¸±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.

Gluten-free product·Î ½ÃÁß¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Àå±â º¹¿ëÀº ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çÅÙ ¾øÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¸ÀÀ» ³»±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¼ö½ÊÁ¾ÀÇ ½Äǰ÷°¡¹°ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» ´ãº¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

@ Âü°í: EndoTODAY celiac and gluten


5. ¼Û°æÈ£ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­ Stretta¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®À» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿© ÀڷḦ ã¾Æº¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

2014³â 2¿ù±îÁö ¹ßÇ¥µÈ 4°³ÀÇ ¹«ÀÛÀ§ ÀüÇâÀû ¿¬±¸(165¸í)ÀÇ ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®ÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (Lipka S. CGH 2015). Á¦¸ñºÎÅÍ negative result¿´À½À» °­·ÂÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. No evidence for efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of GERD. ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¹Ì±¹ FDA ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 4¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

We collected data from 4 trials and a total of 165 patients (153 patients were analyzed). Three trials compared Stretta vs sham, and 1 trial compared Stretta with PPI therapy. The overall quality of evidence was very low. The pooled results showed no difference between Stretta and sham or management with PPI in patients with GERD for the outcomes of mean (%) time the pH was less than 4 over a 24-hour time course, LESP, ability to stop PPIs, or HRQOL.

¸ÞŸºÐ¼®ÀÇ discussionÀ» ÀϺΠ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. 18°³ ¿¬±¸ 1,441¸í pooled data¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ PerryÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ °¡Â÷¾øÀÌ ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

The beneficial effects of Stretta reported by Perry et al were based on single-arm, pre-post design studies, which are prone to regression to the mean, making the efficacy of Stretta susceptible to a high risk of bias. Regression to the mean is a statistical phenomenon that affects all pre-experimental designs that include, or analyze data from, participants selected on the basis of an extreme, usually low or high, pre-intervention condition. Although there is well-recognized value to using single-group studies to identify and quantify the occurrence of adverse events, the role of these studies in evaluating efficacy and safety is not well developed.29 Therefore, the nearly unanimous efficacy of Stretta for the management of GERD observed in single-arm studies is not appropriate for informed decision making.

Recently, SAGES made a "strong recommendation" about the use of Stretta for GERD. However, the panel members of SAGES did not provide details on the process of how they arrived at this recommendation.

Although Stretta¡¯s mechanism of action for the treatment of GERD is not understood fully, it appears to increase the resting tone and reduce the incidence of transient relaxations of the LES. Although data from human beings are lacking, this appears to result from induction of hypertrophy and fibrosis of the LES, and possible tissue neurolysis.

Until more good-quality evidence is available, we agree with the new American College of Gastroenterology guidelines (2013) on GERD that the "current endoscopic therapy... cannot be recommended as an alternative to medical or traditional surgical therapy."

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY Stretta procedure


[2016-8-5] »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â celiac disease¿Í °°Àº gluten-related disorderÀÇ Áø´Ü¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÑ °Ë»ç Äڵ带 ½Å¼³ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) ±â´É¼º,¿îµ¿Áúȯ ÇмúÇà»ç on-line Áß°è

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