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[´ëÇÑÀ§¾ÏÇÐȸ ¿¬¼ö°­Á 2016]

¼÷¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶óº» ÀüÁÖ ÇÑ¿Á¸¶À»


1. Trouble shooting - postoperative complication

[µ¿¾Æ´ëÇб³ ±è¹ÎÂù] Duodenal stump leak´Â 1.8-3.0%ÀÇ ¹ß»ý·üÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â ºñ±³Àû µå¹® ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌÁö¸¸, 7% ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¸Á·üÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ Ä¡¸íÀû »óȲÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾ÆÁÖ´ë ÇÑ»ó¿í ±³¼ö´ÔÀº duodenal stump leak ȯÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¼ú ½ÃÁ¡À» ¾ðÁ¦·Î ÀâÀ» °ÍÀÎÁö °í¹Î°ú ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í comment Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

[ÀüºÏ´ëÇб³ À̼¼¿­] Esophago-jejunostomy, gastro-jejunostomy site leakÀÇ Ä¡·á¹æ¹ýÀº º¸Á¸Àû Ä¡·á, ¿µ»óÀÇÇÐÀûÀ̳ª ³»½Ã°æÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ºñ¼ö¼úÀû ½Ã¼ú ±×¸®°í ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á·Î ºÐ·ùÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ȯÀÚ »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ ÀÌÇõÁØ] Pylorus preserving gastrectomy (PPG) ÈÄ delayed gastric emptying (DGE)ÀÇ ¹ß»ý ±âÀüÀº ÁÖ·Î pyloric spasm (vagus nerve & antrum dysmotility) ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. PPG ÈÄ DGE´Â °ú°Å 23-40% Á¤µµ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ö¼ú±â¹ýÀÇ º¯È­ - (1) preservation of infrapyloric artery, 2) 3 cm length pyloric cuff, (3) preservation of hepatic & vagus nerve - ¿¡ µû¶ó Å©°Ô °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿© ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â 6-7% Á¤µµ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. PPG ÈÄ DGE´Â balloonÀ̳ª stent·Î º¸Á¸Àû Ä¡·á¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Semi-quantitative grading for the degree of residual food stagnation within the remnant stomach (Bae JS PLoS One 2015)

Floor¿¡¼­ 5¹ø°ú 6¹ø LN dissectionÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â oncological safety¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ Á¦±âµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÇõÁØ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº 5¹ø LN ÀüÀÌ´Â 0%, 6¹ø LN ÀüÀÌ´Â 0.6%¿´´Âµ¥, ¼­¿ï´ëº´¿ø ÃßÀû°üÂû ÀÚ·á¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ÇöÀç ¼öÁØÀÇ LN dissectionÀ¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÑ °Í °°´Ù°í ´äÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

[¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ ±èÇüÀÏ] 2009³â ÀÌÈÄ À§¾Ï ¼ö¼ú 1,380¿¹¿¡¼­ G3 bleedingÀº 11¿¹°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (intra-luminal 2, intra-abdominal 9). ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ºóÇ÷ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» Àß Á¤¸®ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.

Coffee break ¶§ ¸î ºÐ ¿Ü°úÀǻ翡°Ô ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿´´õ´Ï À§ÀüÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ ¸ÞÄڹΠĸ½¶ (mecobalamin - ¿©·¯ vit B12 µ¿Á¾Ã¼ Áß Ã¼³» È°¼ºÀÌ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ÇüÅÂ, 500 ug)À» °æ¿ì Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY À§¾Ï ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ºóÇ÷


2. Consideration of decision making for more advanced gastric cancer

[Á¶¼±´ëÇб³ ±è¼º¼ö] À§¾Ï¿¡¼­ debulking surgery´Â bypass surgery³ª curative sugery°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼ö¼úÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Debulking surgeryÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¹è°æÀº (1) ÃâÇ÷, õ°ø, Æó»ö µî ¾Ï°ú °ü·ÃµÈ Áõ»óÀ» °æ°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, (2) Á¾¾ç Áٱ⠼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¾çÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ °¨¼ö¼ºÀ» ³ôÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, (3) Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ȯÀÚÀÇ ´ë»ç¿Í ¸é¿ªÀ» Çâ»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀϺΠ°æ¿ì¿¡ debulking surgery°¡ ȯÀÚÀÇ Áõ»óÀ» ¿ÏÈ­ÇÏ°í »ýÁ¸ ¿¬Àå¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÛÀº ÈÄÇâÀû ¿¬±¸µéÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÀüÇâÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÎ Regatta trial (Lancet 2016)¿¡¼­´Â overall survival¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ chemotherapy¿¡ ´ëÇÑ compliance°¡ ¶³¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇâÈÄ quality of life µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í·Á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.

[ÀÌÁØÇà comment] ÀÏÀü¿¡ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ Regatta trialÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (REGATTA trial).


ÀϺ»°ú Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿Ü°ú ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÇ °øµ¿¿¬±¸ÀÎ REGATTA trial °á°ú°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (Fujitani K. Lancet Oncology 2016). ¾ç±¹ À§¾Ï°ü·Ã ³»¿Ü°úÀÇ»çµéÀÇ Ã¹ °øµ¿¿¬±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¼º°ú ÃàÇÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

´ÜÀÏ ÀüÀÌ°¡ Àִ ȯÀÚ°¡ ´ë»óÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. "We did an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial at 44 centres or hospitals in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. Patients aged 20-75 years with advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor confined to either the liver (H1), peritoneum (P1), or para-aortic lymph nodes (16a1/b2) were randomly assigned (1:1) in each country to chemotherapy alone or gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy."

µî·ÏµÈ ȯÀÚ´Â 175¸íÀ̾úÀ¸³ª Âü¿© ±â°üÀÌ 44°÷À̳ª µÇ¾ú´ø ¿¬±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑ ±â°ü¿¡¼­ 4¸í¸¸ µî·ÏµÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï »ó´çÇÑ ¿ì¿©°îÀýÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ 23¸í (13.1%)Àº Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·áµµ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¾´Ï´Ù. ¿©ÇÏÆ° °á°ú´Â ¸íÈ®Çß½À´Ï´Ù. "Median overall survival was 16¡¤6 months (95% CI 13¡¤7-19¡¤8) for patients assigned to chemotherapy alone and 14¡¤3 months (11¡¤8-16¡¤3) for those assigned to gastrectomy plus chemotherapy (hazard ratio 1¡¤09, 95% CI 0¡¤78-1¡¤52; one-sided p=0¡¤70)."

°á·ÐÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. "Since gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy did not show any survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor, gastrectomy cannot be justified for treatment of patients with these tumours." ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â ¼ö¼úÀº ÇÏÁö ¸»ÀÚ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

±¹³» ¾ð·Ð¿¡ °ü·Ã ±â»ç°¡ ½Ç·È½À´Ï´Ù. [2016-2-26. °æÇâ½Å¹®] ¸»±â À§¾ÏÀÇ À§ÀýÁ¦¼ú »ýÁ¸À² ³ôÀ̱⠾î·Á¿ö


[ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ȳ¼øÈÖ] (1) Distant metastasis (lung, Virchow), (2) disease encasement or occlussion of the hepatic artery or celiac axis, (3) para-aortic lymph node 16a1,b2¿¡¼­´Â ¼ö¼úÀÌ µµ¿òµÇÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, (1) Single liver metastasis, (2) a few para-aortic lymph node 16a2,b1 (para-aortic, middle)¿¡¼­´Â ¼ö¼úÀÌ µµ¿òµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (Âü°í: Nodal station ±×¸²)

[Çѱ¹¿øÀÚ·ÂÀÇÇпø Áø¼ºÈ£] TCGA project¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© À§¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ±í¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ramucirumabÀÌ ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù (Regard trial).

[°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ÀÇÁ¤ºÎ ¼º¸ðº´¿ø ÀÌÇÑÈï] Four sets of metastasis (1) liver metastasis, (2) localized carcinomatosis, (3) lymph node metastastasis, (4) Krukenberg tumor ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ voting °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÇÑÈï ¼±»ý´ÔÀº Krukenberg tumor´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ lymph node metastasis¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. Krukenberg tumor¿¡¼­´Â votingÇϽŠ¸ðµç ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­ ¼ö¼úÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϼ̴ٰí ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


3. [·±Ãµ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö - Medtronics] Open gastrectomy with Multifunctional LigaSure Maryland Jaw and LS 10

¿ë¾î Á¤¸®
- Electrocautery: ¶ß°Å¿î ±â±¸¸¦ Á¢Ã˽ÃÄÑ Á¶Á÷À» Å¿ì´Â ¹æ¹ý
- Electrosurgery: Àü±â¸¦ Åë°ú½ÃÄÑ Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ ¿­ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú

Pressure¿Í energy¸¦ ¸ðµÎ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â LigaSure (EBVS, electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer)´Â º¸´Ù Å« Ç÷°üÀ» ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Seal width°¡ ³Ð°í ¿Âµµ°¡ ³·½À´Ï´Ù.

LigaSure¢â Maryland Jaw 37 cm Laparoscopic Instrument


4. Big data era: ÀÇ·áÁ¤º¸ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ ºòµ¥ÀÌŸ ºÐ¼® ±â¼ú (ÀüºÏ´ëÇб³ ±â·Ï°ü¸®Çаú ¿ÀÈ¿Á¤. 2008³â KAIST ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °øÇÐ Á¹. 2012-2015³â Çѱ¹ÀüÀÚÅë½Å¿¬±¸¿ø Ã¥ÀÓ¿¬±¸¿ø)

Big Data ±â¼ú ±â¹ÝÀÇ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ ÀÚµ¿È­ ¼Ö·ù¼Ç (Decision automation solutions): ÇコÄÉ¾î ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Áúº´ »çÀü ¿¹¹æ ¹× ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤

°ú°ÅÀÇ Search¿¡¼­ ÇâÈÄ Expert Q & A·Î º¯È­µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ÇÑ´Þ¿¡ 5½Ã°£ Á¤µµ¹Û¿¡ °øºÎÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

'IBM Watson, ±æº´¿ø¿¡¼­ 9¿ù Áß Ã¹ Áø·á'¶ó´Â ¾ð·Ð º¸µµ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (¸ÅÀÏ °æÁ¦. 2016-9-8). IBM-SK ÁÖ½Äȸ»ç C&C¿Í Çù·ÂÇÏ¿© ÇâÈÄ Çѱ¹¾î°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ '¿¡À̺긱 ¿Ó½¼' ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó°í Çϸç, ÇöÀç´Â ¿ì¼± ¿µ¾î versionÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


5. ¿Ö ¶óÀÌÇÁ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ÀÇÇÐÀΰ¡? (´ëÇÑ»ýÈ°½À°üÀÇÇÐ(2016³â 2¿ù ⸳) ȸÀå Á¶¹éȯ . 1976³â Àü³²ÀÇ´ë Á¹¾÷. 1984-2016³â ÀüºÏÀÇ´ë ¿Ü°ú ±³¼ö)

±¹Á¦Áúº´ºÐ·ù¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? »ç¸ÁÅë°è¸¦ À§ÇØ 1893³â ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÄÚµå¿Í ¸íĪ¸¸ ÀÖÁö ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÈ­µÈ ±âÁØÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Áúº´ ÄÚµå´Â ¿Ö Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀϱî¿ä? 1975³â 1,164°³ --> 2004³â 14,473°³

¼ºÀÎ ¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ: (1) ¸ðµç ¾ÏÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¾ÏÀÌ´Ù. (2) ¾Ï ÀÚü´Â °è¼Ó º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. (3) ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¾ÏÀ¯ÀüÀÚº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¸¹Àº À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ È¯°æÀû ¿µÇâ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ»óÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¾¾çÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù.

Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·áÀÇ ºÒÆíÇÑ Áø½Ç (ASCO 2015, ´ëÀå¾Ï 4±â): Áö³­ 40³â°£ Ä¡·áºñ´Â 125¹è »ó½Â, »ýÁ¸±â°£Àº °íÀÛ 6°³¿ù ¿¬Àå

´çÃÊ ½Â»êÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀüÀïÀ̾ú³ª?
- Only the dead have seen the end of war. - Plato
- All war is a symptom of man's failure as a thinking animal. - John Steinbeck

½À°üÀÌ Á¦2ÀÇ Ãµ¼ºÀÌ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. Habit is second nature, or rather, ten times nature. - William James (1842-1910)

Genetics loads the gun and enviornment pulls the trigger. - Francis Collins

New technology°¡ ±×µ¿¾ÈÀÇ text¿´´Ù¸é context¸¦ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ÆÐÅÏÀ» ºÁ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÇöÀçÀÇ »ó´ë°¡Ä¡Æò°¡ (2012³â Á¶Á¤ ÈÄ)
³·Àº ¿ø°¡ º¸Á¸À²»ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ôÀº ¿ø°¡ º¸Á¸À²
¼ö¼ú: 76%
óġ: 86%
¿µ»ó: 122%
°Ëü: 159%

»ýÈ°½À°ü°³¼±: Æò¹üÇϱ⠱×Áö ¾ø´Â ³»¿ëÀÌÁö¸¸ À̰͵鸸ŭ È¿°úÀûÀÎ °Íµµ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Ù!

´ëÇÑ»ýÈ°½À°üÀÇÇÐȸÀÇ Á¦¾È
- ¶óÀÌÇÁ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ °Í
- »ýÈ°½À°ü°³¼±ÀÌ ¿¹¹æ°ú Ä¡·áÀÇ ÇÙ½É
- ±³À°À̳ª ±Ç°í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °Í

¶óÀÌÇÁ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ °³¼±
- Low techÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
- Àι®ÇÐÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ´ÙÇÐÁ¦Àû ÀûÁ¤±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.
- ±â¼ú ¶§¹®¿¡ óÇÑ À§±â¸¦ ÇìÃijª°¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±â¼úÀÌ´Ù.


6. Consideration of stomach cancer prevention

[ÀüºÏ´ëÇб³ ¼ÒÈ­±â³»°ú ¼­½Â¿µ] ¼­½Â¿µ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº distal subtotal gastrectomy ÈÄ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¸¦ ±ÇÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

[±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ±¹Á¦¾Ï´ëÇпø´ëÇб³ ¿¹¹æÀÇÇаú Á¶±³¼ö ¹Úº¸¿µ. 2006³â ´ë±¸°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ÀÇÇлç]

¿¬·ÉÇ¥ÁØÈ­¹ß»ý·ü¿¡¼­ À§¾ÏÀÌ 2011³âÀ» peak·Î Á¶±Ý¾¿ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (2013³â ±¹°¡¾Ïµî·ÏÅë°è). 2008-2013³â À§¾Ï survival rate°¡ 73.1%¿´½À´Ï´Ù. 2013³â ÇöÀç ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î »ýÁ¸ÇØ °è½Å ºÐÀÌ 224,352 ¸íÀ̸ç, ±× Áß 10³â ÀÌ»ó »ýÁ¸ÀÚ´Â 108,758¸íÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

2011³â J Natl Cancer Inst 2011;103:1827¿¡ µû¸£¸é À§¾ÏÀÇ È®½ÇÇÑ carcinogenÀº (1) Helicobacter pylori, (2) Rubber production industry, (3) Tobacco smoking, (4) X-radiation, gamma-radiationÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

HelicobacterÀÇ Àα¸Áý´Ü±â¿©À§Çèµµ (Population attributable fraction); ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ H. pylori °¨¿°À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ non-cardia gastric cancer¿Í MALT lymphomaÀÇ 80.0% Á¤µµ¸¦ ¿¹¹æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Èí¿¬ÀÇ Àα¸Áý´Ü±â¿©À§Çèµµ (Population attributable fraction); developing country 17%, developed country 11%


[References]

1) À§¾ÏÇÐȸ ÇмúÇà»ç on-line Áß°è

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.