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[SGI 2016 - The annual meeting of Society of GI Intervention]

Àå¼Ò: K Hotel

ÀϽÃ: 2016³â 10¿ù 7-8ÀÏ

SCI meetingÀÌ ¹ú½á 10¹ø°¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ Âü¼®ÇÏ´Â international ÇÐȸ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.


1. Diagnosis and management strategy of refractory GERD: Endotherapy or Laparoscopic fundoplication? (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø Ãֱ⵷)

When to consider surgery or endoscopic anti-reflux treatment?

1) pH impedance shows excessive reflux and positive symptom association

2) Symptom control is inadequate: severe regurgitation not controlled with optimal acid suppression

- Large hiatal hernia (+) --> Surgery

- Normal GE junction anatomy, reluctant to undergo surgery --> Endoscopy

ÇöÀç ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á¹ýÀº 4 °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

  1. Stretta
  2. Transoral fundoplication
  3. MUSE system
  4. Anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS)


2. Efficacy and long-term result of laparoscopic fundoplication (°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ±èÁøÁ¶)

ÇöÀç laparoscopic surgery¿Í ¾à¹°Ä¡·á¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ Áß LOTUS triak (Galmiche JP. JAMA 2011)¿¡¼­´Â Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, REFLUX trial (Grant AM. BMJ 2013)¿¡¼­´Â laparoscopic surgery°¡ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù´Â °á°ú¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

Nissen fundoplication ÈÄ GERD°¡ ¾ø´Âµ¥µµ PPI¸¦ º¹¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚ°¡ ¸¹´Ù´Â Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. (J Gastrointest Surg 2002;6:3-10)


3. The Stretta Procedure - Personalized medicine of GERD (Mark D. Noar. USA)

Disease progression mechanisms

Sphincter-target therapyÀÎ Stretta´Â destructive procedure°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í stimulating procedureÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

10 year durability study: Noar M. Surg Endosc 2014

RESULTS: The primary outcome was achieved in 72% of patients (95% confidence interval 65-79). For secondary outcomes, a 50% or greater reduction in PPI use occurred in 64% of patients, (41% eliminating PPIs entirely), and a 60% or greater increase in satisfaction occurred in 54% of patients. Both secondary endpoints were achieved. The most common side effect was short-term chest pain (50%). Pre-existing Barrett's metaplasia regressed in 85% of biopsied patients. No cases of esophageal cancer occurred.

Extrinsic sphincter therapy¿Í intrinsic sphincter therapy°¡ ÀÖ°í À̸¦ ÇÔ²² ¾²¸é ´õ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. Extrinsic sphincter therapyÀÎ Nissen fundoplicationÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ °æ¿ì intrinsic sphincter therapyÀÎ Stretta therapy°¡ ÁÁÀº optionÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY Stretta


4. Trans-oral anterior fundoplication (Ali Lankarani. Borland Groover Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA)

Anti-reflux barrier´Â Å©°Ô LES¿Í flap valveÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Flap valve (= GE junction geometry) ´Â intra-abdominal esophageal location°ú angle of His·Î ±¸¼ºµË´Ï´Ù. GE junction geometry°¡ ¸Á°¡Áö¸é LES¸¸ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ barrierÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Opposing sling and clasp muscle fibers. The longitudinal muscle layer of the stomach has been cut away to show the opposing sling and clasp muscle fibers. These fibers sit in tonic opposition until a swallow triggers receptive relaxation. It is thought that progressive stretching of these fibers leads to valve incompetence and subsequent GERD. (Jobe BA. Am J Gastroenterol 2004)

Intraabdominal esophagusÀÇ angle of His°¡ ¿¹°¢À» À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 È¿°úÀûÀÎ flap valve¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½À (medigus.com)

Angle of His°¡ µÐ°¢ÀÌ µÇ¸é¼­ flap valve ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÒÀ½ (medigus.com)

Angle of His°¡ µÐ°¢ÀÌ µÇ°í, hiatus°¡ ³Ð¾îÁö°í, intraabdominal esophagus°¡ »ó½ÂÇϸé sliding hiatal hernia°¡ µÊ (medigus.com)

Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler (MUSE)ÀÇ ¼¼°¡Áö ÀÛ¿ë ±âÀü

  1. Reestablishment of intraabdominal esophagus
  2. Creation of a flap valve
  3. Restoration of acute angle of His

°­»ç´Â Winston ChurchillÀÇ ¸»À» ÀοëÇÏ¸ç °­ÀǸ¦ ¸¶ÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù.

Now it is not the end.
It is not even the beginning of the end.
But, it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.

* Âü°í: Medigus »ç ȨÆäÀÌÁö


5. Surgical and endoscopic managemen of esophageal diverticulum: Zenker's and epiphrenic (Philip Chiu, The Chinese university of Hong Kong)

¼ö¼úÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î óÀ½ °³¹ßµÈ °ÍÀÌ StaplingÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Flexible endoscopic (incisional) diverticulotomy (septectomy)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞŸºÐ¼® (Ishaq S. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;83:1076)

È¿°ú

ºÎÀÛ¿ë

Chiu ¹Ú»ç´Â Àü½Å¸¶Ãë »óÅ¿¡¼­ À̺ñÀÎÈÄ°ú ÀÇ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ ¸»´Ü¿¡ ªÀº capÀ» ÀåÂøÇÑ ÈÄ triangle knife¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© initial short septectomy¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ capÀ» Á» ´õ ±ä ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÁÀº ½Ã¾ß¸¦ È®º¸ÇÑ »óÅÂ(Áï Zenker lumen°ú esophageal lumenÀ» È®ÀÎÇϸ鼭)¿¡¼­ ±ä septectomy¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ clipÀ» applyÇÏ°í ½Ã¼úÀ» Á¾·áÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î epiphrenic diverticulumÀ» Àá±ñ ¼Ò°³Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY Zenker °Ô½Ç


6. Endoscopic management of achalasia (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø. Á¤ÈÆ¿ë)

Pneumatic dilatation°ú Heller myotomy¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Á¾ÇÕÇÑ ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®

Á¤ÈÆ¿ë ±³¼ö´ÔÀº ¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿øÀÇ POEM ¼ºÀûÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô º¸¿©Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. Pioneer ´Ù¿î ¸ð½ÀÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¸°æÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY Achalasia


7. Fluoroscopically-guided ballon dilation for achalasia (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø. ½ÅÁöÈÆ)

dz¼±È®Àå¼úÀº ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Îµµ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í fluoroscopy¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Fluoroscopy¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ double ballon dilatationÀ̶ó´Â Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¼ú±â¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù (Yi A. Abdom Imaging 2008).


8. Barrett's treatment in 2016 (Shai Friedland, Stanford Universtiy, USA)

EMRÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ Àß ÀÔÁõµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ESDÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÔÁõÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.

Combining ESD & EMR. ESD·Î noduleÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ÁÖº¯Àº EMR·Î Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â Àü·«

DDW 2016¿¡ cryoablation °ü·Ã ÃÊ·ÏÀÌ 3°³ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´ë»ó ÁúȯÀº 2°³´Â Barrett, 1°³´Â squamous dysplasia¿´½À´Ï´Ù.


9. Esophageal stricture after ESD (Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Japan)

Splash M-knife: Submucosal injectionÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í hemostatic power°¡ ÁÁÀ½.

Circumferential ESD ÈÄ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº dz¼± È®Àå¼ú(preventive balloon dilatation)À» ÇÏ¿´´ø ¿À·¡µÈ ȯÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ¸î °¡Áö ¿¹¹æ Àü·«À» »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ½ÉÇÑ stricture¸¦ º¸À̴ ȯÀÚ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

±âÁ¸ÀÇ steroid injection ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸î °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Fujishiro ¹Ú»çÀÇ °á·ÐÀº steroid¿Í shieldingÀ» ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁÀ» °Í °°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Triamcinolon injection°ú PGA shieldingÀ» ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì oral steroid´Â ó¹æÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

(1) Biodegradable stent (Saito Y. Dig Dis Sci 2008) - commercially availableÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

(2) Cell sheet technology (Ohki. Gastroenterology 2012)

(3) Polyglycolic acid sheets and fibrin glue (Tokyo University)

Sakaguchi Y. Endoscopy 2015

(4) Triamcinolone injection and shielding with PGA and fibrin glue (Tokyo University)

A representative case where postoperative stricture was prevented after wide-spreading ESD. Chromoendoscopy showed a semi-circumferential lesion in the esophagus (a), and the lesion was resected en bloc with endoscopic submucosal dissection (b). This resulted in endoscopic resection of over 3/4 the circumference of the esophagus (c). Triamcinolone was injected into the perimeter of the ESD defect (d), followed by shielding with PGA sheets and fibrin glue (e). Endoscopic follow-up 12 weeks later revealed no stricture (f). (Sakaguchi Y. Am J Gastroenterol 2016 )

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY ½Äµµ¾Ï ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á ÈÄ ÇùÂø


12. Endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø ±èµµÈÆ)

¼¼ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

  1. Pull technique
  2. Push technique
  3. Introducer (Russell) technique: gastropexy¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý

°ú°Å¿¡´Â PEG ½Ã¼ú ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ºÎÅÍ feedingÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â PEG ¼ö½Ã°£ ÈĺÎÅÍ feedingÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÔ´Ï´Ù. PEG ÈÄ 4½Ã°£ºÎÅÍ feedingÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Wound infectionÀ» ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇÏ¿© external bumper°¡ 1-2cmÁ¤µµ "free-float"Çϵµ·Ï À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

Peristomal leak¸¦ ¸·±â À§ÇÏ¿© larger size tube¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Tube¸¦ »©°í 24-48½Ã°£ maturationÀ» ±â´Ù¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (ÀÌÁØÇà comment: ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº °ï¶õÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Leak¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© PEG tube¸¦ Àá½Ã »©°í °°Àº ÀÚ¸®·Î ´Ù½Ã »ðÀÔÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¸Åë 4½Ã°£ Á¤µµ »©³õÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×º¸´Ù ¿À·¡ »©³õÀ¸¸é ´Ù½Ã ³ÖÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Âü°í: EndoTODAY PEG leak)

Buried bumper syndrome

Endoscopic jejunostomyÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â PEG with jejunal extension ¹æ¹ýÀÌ °¡Àå ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY PEG


13. Radiologic gastrostomy and jejunostomy (Seung Kwon Kim, Washington University, USA)

Gastropexy°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö ³í¶õÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¬ÀÚ´Â gastropexy¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

G tube feedingÀ» ÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷À» Jejunostomy·Î º¯°æÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ù gastrostomy tube »ðÀÔ ½Ã ¹æÇâÀÌ fundus¸¦ ÇâÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


14. Percutaneous transesophageal gastrostomy (PTEG) (¼­¿ï¾Æ»êº´¿ø ½ÅÁöÈÆ)

ÀϺ»¿¡´Â PTEG Àü¿ë kit°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

½ÅÁöÈÆ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº lidocaine hydrodissectionÀ» ÅëÇØ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Puncture-free balloonÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÆíÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â available ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

PTEG tube¸¦ ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀ̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) 20160630 Á¦2Â÷ SGI Áý´ãȸ (°­³²¼¼ºê¶õ½º º´¿ø)

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.