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[Dr. Sinn's LiverTODAY 010 - PPI use in liver diseases]

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Proton pump inhibitors´Â ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¾àÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù °£Áúȯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ PPI»ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°á°úµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

1. Evaluation of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Treatment Outcomes with Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir in a Real-World Cohort Study. (Tapper et al., Hepatology 2016 E-pub)

Many patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) are on prolonged proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, and wish to remain on PPI therapy once treatment for HCV starts. A preliminary report recently suggested decrease rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) for patients taking concomitant PPI and Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF). We sought to determine the effect of PPI use on the rate of SVR in a real-world cohort of 1,979 patients with chronic HCV treated with LDV/SOF. We collected clinical data and pharmacy dispensing records on patients taking 8, 12 or 24 weeks of LDV/SOF¡¾Ribavirin. The primary outcome was SVR12 in a per-protocol analysis in order to determine the effect of PPI use adjusted for confounders. Statistical adjustment was performed in propensity-matched analysis. In the per-protocol analysis, SVR12 was achieved in 441 (97.1%) of PPI recipients compared with 1497 (98.2%) in PPI non-recipients (p = 0.19). Neither low nor high dose PPI was associated with decreased SVR. Although, patients taking twice daily PPI achieved a lower SVR12 rate: 91.2%, CI (77.0 - 97.0, p = 0.046). After propensity-matching for PPI use, there were no significant associations between SVR12 and any dose or frequency of PPI use. However, in a sensitivity analysis focusing on patients with cirrhosis, twice daily PPI use was associated with lower odds ratio for SVR12 0.11 95% CI (0.02 - 0.59). Conclusion These data from a cohort of real-world patients receiving anti-HCV therapy with LDF/SOF¡¾Ribavirin support the prescription labeling suggesting that patients take no more than low dose (20 mg omeprazole equivalents) PPI daily.


2. Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis with ascites. (Dam et al, Hepatology 2016)

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis, possibly through translocation of gut bacteria, which can also lead to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We examined the associations between PPIs and development of HE or SBP in patients with cirrhosis with ascites. We used data from three 1-year trials of satavaptan for ascites control. We used Cox regression to compare HE and SBP rates between users and nonusers of PPIs. At inclusion, 39% of the 865 patients with cirrhosis with ascites used PPIs, 52% used them at some point during the follow-up, and the proportion of current users was always in the 30%-39% range. There were 189 first-time HE episodes during the follow-up, and the cumulative 1-year risk was 31% for those who used PPIs at baseline versus 25% for those who did not. The confounder-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of HE for current PPI use versus current nonuse was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.84). The HR for overt HE was higher (adjusted HR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.21-1.91). During the follow-up, 86 patients developed SBP. The adjusted HR of SBP for current PPI users versus nonusers was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.10-2.69). PPIs were used by 52% of this international cirrhosis cohort during a 1-year period and was a risk factor for developing HE and SBP. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PPIs may increase translocation of gut bacteria.


3. PPI¿Í SBP¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â SMC¿¡¼­µµ ÁÁÀº data¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´ÔÀÌ »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ÀڷḦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (Min YW. Aliment Phar Ther 2014;40:695).

BACKGROUND: The risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has been raised in cirrhotic patients with ascites. However, this is based on case-control studies, often with a small series.
AIM: To determine whether PPI use increases the risk of SBP using a large cohort.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1965 cirrhotic patients with ascites diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2009. The SBP incidence rate was compared between the PPI and non-PPI groups before and after propensity score matching to reduce the effect of selection bias and potential confounders. Multivariate analysis was conducted to confirm the association of PPI use with SBP.
RESULTS: After excluding 411 patients, 1554 were analysed. Among them, 512 patients (32.9%) were included in the PPI group. The annual SBP incidence rate was higher in the PPI group than in the non-PPI group (10.6% and 5.8%, P = 0.002) before matching. Indications for PPI use and dose of PPI were similar between patients with and without SBP. In the propensity score matched cohort (402 pairs), the SBP incidence rate was also higher in the PPI group than in the non-PPI group (10.8% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis revealed that PPI use (Hazard ratio 1.396; 95% confidence interval, 1.057-1.843; P = 0.019) was the independent risk factor for SBP.
CONCLUSIONS: Proton pump inhibitor use significantly increases the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites.Proton pump inhibitor use should be undertaken with greater caution and appropriately in patients with cirrhosis.


PPI°¡ SBP¿¡ ÁÖ´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ discussion¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Á¤¸®ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ »ý°¢¿¡ ÇÙ½ÉÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ ºÎºÐ¸¸ ¹ßÃéÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

1. PPI°¡ SBPÀ§ÇèÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³¸íÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a predisposing factor to SBP in patients with cirrhosis. PPI use may increase bacterial overgrowth within the GI tract.Thus PPI use has been proposed to contribute to SBP.

2. ªÀº PPI »ç¿ëµµ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁּ̽À´Ï´Ù. even 1 week of PPI use increases the incidence of SBP in patients with ascites.

3. H2RAÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº SBP ¹ß»ý°ú ¿¬°üÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Íµµ ¾Ë·Á Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.

4. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î "PPI should be used with appropriate indications and duration." ¶ó°í °­Á¶ÇØ ÁÖ¼ÌÁö¸¸ indicationÀº Àû¾î³õÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.^^


±×·¡¼­... Á¦ ³ª¸§´ë·Î º¹¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ PPIÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ indication ¹× durationÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â ±Ù°Å´Â ¾ø´Â Á¦ ÀÇ°ßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

»óȲº¹¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Â °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚÀÇ PPI »ç¿ë
ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÈ ¼ÒÈ­¼º ±Ë¾çPPI for 4-8 weeks
ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼ÒÈ­¼º ±Ë¾çPPI for 4-8 weeks
¿ª·ù¼º ½Äµµ¿° ¶Ç´Â À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯPPI for 1 weeks to see response and then H2RA based management
±â´É¼º À§ÀåÀå¾ÖH2RA or mucosa protective agent
¸¸¼º°£ºÎÀü ±Þ¼º¾ÇÈ­ ICU carePPI first then consider early switch to H2RA


[½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´Ô Áú¹®]

ÀÌÁØÇà ¼±»ý´Ô. º¹¼ö°¡ µ¿¹ÝµÈ °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ÀÇ PPI »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­ »ý°¢ÇϽô ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» ¿©ÂÞ¾îºÁµµ ÁÁÀ»Áö¿ä?

[2016-10-4. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

À̹ø LiverTODAY ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸Å¿ì À¯ÀÍÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ Á¦¾È¿¡ ´ëü·Î µ¿ÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µÎ °¡Áö ÀÇ°ß µå¸³´Ï´Ù.

(1) ¿ë·®µµ Áß¿äÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é half dose PPI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇصµ ¹«³­ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? PPI standard dose´Â ¸Å¿ì °­·ÂÇÑ »êºÐºñ ¾ïÁ¦·ÂÀ» °¡Áý´Ï´Ù. Half dose·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ Ä¡·áµÇ´Â ¿¹°¡ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. Drug interaction À̽´µµ ÀÖÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ PPI´Â °£¿¡¼­ ´ë»çµÇ´Âµ¥, °£ÁúȯÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÐÀ̹ǷΠ¿ë·®À» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä?

(2) ¸¸¼º°£Áúȯ ȯÀÚÀÇ ºñƯÀÌÀû ¼ÒÈ­ºÒ·®Áõ¿¡ H2RA¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ LiverTODAY 10ȸ (PPI use in liver diseases)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¼® Àü°øÀÇ ÇÑ ºÐÀÇ ÆíÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2016-10-5. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ ÆíÁö]

¸ÚÁø ³»¿ë Àß º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´Ô ȸÁø½Ã¿¡µµ PPI ³²¿ë°ú Àå³» Á¤»ó¼¼±ÕÃÑ Æı« µî¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ µéÀº ¹Ù°¡ ÀÖ¾ú±â¿¡ ´õ¿í À¯ÀÍÇß½À´Ï´Ù. º´µ¿¿¡¼­ LC ȯÀÚÀÇ GI bleeding ÀÇ½É ½Ã ¹«Á¶°Ç PPI CIV ¿Í TerlipressinÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ÃâÇ÷ ¿øÀο¡ µû¶ó ¾àÁ¦¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø °ËÅäÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥ º´µ¿ ÁÖÄ¡ÀǵéÀÌ EVL ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­µµ PPI CIV¸¦ ²÷Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª PPI standard dose¸¦ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø¾¿ Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ÀÚÁÖ ¸ñ°ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁÖ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹Ù»Û ÁÖÄ¡ÀÇ »ýÈ° ¶§¹®ÀÎÁö, Áö½ÄÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö´Â Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾àÀ» ²÷À» ÁÙµµ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖÄ¡ÀǵéÀÌ Á» ´õ »¡¸® ±ú´ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÁÁ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

[2016-10-6. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äÀå]

°¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀûÀýÇÑ ÁöÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Varix bleedingÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼­ PPI¸¦ °è¼Ó »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾îó±¸´Ï ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾àÀº ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀºµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ºÎÀۿ븸 ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Åõ¾àÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõ¸¸ °¡¸£Ä¡°í, ¾àÀ» ²÷´Â °ÍÀÇ Á߿伺À» °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ±³¼öµéÀÇ À߸øÀÌ Å®´Ï´Ù. ÀúºÎÅÍ ¾Ë°Ô ¸ð¸£°Ô ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ ÀÇ·áÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁöµµ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù.

Á¦°¡ Àü°øÀÇ ½ÃÀý ÀÌÈ¿¼® ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â "¿Ö ÀÌ °Ë»ç¸¦ Çߴ°¡? ¿Ö ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Åõ¾àÇÏ¿´´Â°¡?"¶ó´Â Áú¹®À¸·Î À¯¸íÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ CBC °Ë»ç, Àǹ̾ø´Â ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ °Ë»ç µîÀ» ó¹æÇß´Ù°¡ µéÅ°¸é Å« ²ÙÁö¶÷À» µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ±³¼öµéÀº "¿Ö ÀÌ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Â°¡? ¿Ö ÀÌ ¾àÀ» Åõ¾àÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Â°¡?"¶ó°í ¹¯°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °Ë»ç³ª Åõ¾àÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¿©±âÀú±â¼­ ÁöÀû´çÇϱ⠽±½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ºÒ¸®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹æ¾îÁø·á¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ °úÀ× °Ë»ç³ª °úÀ× Åõ¾àÀº ÈçÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °úÀ× °Ë»ç³ª °úÀ× Åõ¾àÀÇ ÇؾÇÀº »ý°¢º¸´Ù ¾öû³³´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ µå·¯³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» »ÓÀÌÁö¿ä.

ÀúºÎÅÍ "¾àÀ» ²÷À» ÁÙµµ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù"´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ±³¼ö°¡ µÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. Varix bleeding ȯÀÚ°¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô PPI¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÇѹÙÅÁ ³­¸®¸¦ Ä¡°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©.


½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ LiverTODAY 10ȸ (PPI use in liver diseases) ¹× ÀúÀÇ comment (Varix bleeding ȯÀÚ°¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô PPI¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÇѹÙÅÁ ³­¸®¸¦ Ä¡°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©.) µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2016-10-7. °û±Ý¿¬ ±³¼ö´Ô ÀÇ°ß]

¿©·¯ ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÇ ÀÇ°ß Àß µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Á¦ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÅÂÀÚ¸é, LC ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹«ºÐº°ÇÑ PPI »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÀûÀº Ÿ´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ PPI°¡ SBP³ª PSE À§Çèµµ¸¦ ³ôÀδٴ ÁÖÀåÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ debate°¡ ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ÀÇØ°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®(Khan MA. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015)¿¡¼­ quality ³ôÀº ¿¬±¸µé¸¸À» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ PPI¿Í SBP¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀº ¹Ì¹ÌÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×µ¿¾È ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´ø °¡Àå ±Ô¸ð°¡ Å« prospective ¿¬±¸(Terg R. J Hepatol 2015)¿¡¼­ PPI¿Í SBP¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀº ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½Åµ¿Çö ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ Dam et al, Hepatology 2016 ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÄÚ¸àÆ® ±Ûµµ »ìÆì º¸½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù (Ali Khan M. Hepatology 2016).

EVLÀ» ÇÏ¿´À½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í PPI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÁÖÄ¡ÀǵéÀÇ ¹«ÁöÇÔÀ̳ª °³³ä¾øÀ½ ¶§¹®¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó PPI »ç¿ëÀÌ post-EVL bleedingÀ» ³·Ã߱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ÃÖ±Ù ±¹³» ¿¬±¸Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (Kang SH. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016). ¹°·Ð ÀÌ´Â prophylactic EVLÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿´°í ÈÄÇâÀû ¿¬±¸¶ó´Â Å« Á¦ÇÑÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ±â´Â ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ±âÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·²µíÇÑ ¸¸Å­ °ú°ÅºÎÅÍ ÀÓ»ó°¡µéÀÌ Á¾Á¾ EVL ÀÌÈÄ PPI¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Àúµµ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ 10¿© ³â Àü °í±¤Ã¶ ¼±»ý´Ô²² °æÇèÀ» Àü¼ö¹Þ¾Æ Áö±Ýµµ ÀÌ·¸°Ô practice¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Á¶¸¸°£ ´õ¿í Áú ÁÁÀº ¿¬±¸¸¦ µµ¸ðÇÏ°ÚÀ¸´Ï ºÎµð varix bleeding ȯÀÚ°¡ º´µ¿¿¡¼­ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô(?) PPI¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñ°ÝÇϼÌÀ» ¶§ ÇѹÙÅÁ ³­¸®¸¦ Ä¡Áö´Â ¸»¾Æ ÁֽʽÿÀ.¤Ð¤Ð

[2016-10-7. ½Åµ¿Çö ¼±»ý´Ô ´äº¯]

ÁÁÀº ÁöÀû °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

EVLÈÄ PPI»ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ°³ÀÇ RCT¸¦ Ãß°¡·Î ¸»¾¸µå·Á¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

1) Long-term administration of PPI reduces treatment failures after esophageal variceal band ligation: a randomized, controlled trial. Hidaka et al. J Gastroenterol 2012:47;118

2) Pantoprazole reduces the size of postbanding ulcers after variceal band ligation: a randomized, controlled trial. Shaheen et al. Hepatology 2005;41:588

µÎ ¿¬±¸ ¸ðµÎ PPI»ç¿ëÀÌ post EVL ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ´õ ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÃâÇ÷·Î ³»¿øÇÑ °£°æº¯È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­ varix bleedingÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎµÈ È¯Àڵ鵵 short-term PPI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.^^ º¹¼ö¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇÑ °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ °£¼ºÈ¥¼ö³ª SBP ¹ß»ý¿¡ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ À¯¹ßÀÎÀÚ°¡ PPI »ç¿ëÀº ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Áö³­¹ø ¼Ò°³µå¸° ³í¹®Àº º¹¼ö°¡ µ¿¹ÝµÈ °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô PPI »ç¿ëÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Ç×»ó ¾àÁ¦ »ç¿ë¿¡ µû¸¥ risk benefit À» »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÌÇØÇØ ÁÖ½Ã¸é °¨»çÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Á¦°¡ ÁÖ·Î ÃֽŠ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇØ µå¸®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃֽŠ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ¹Ù·Î ÀÓ»ó¿¡ Àû¿ëÇϱâ Àü ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸î °¡Áö¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ ÁÁÀº Review°¡ ÀÖ¾î EndoTODAY µ¶Àںе鲲 ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

The primary outcome is positive - is that good enough? N Engl J Med 2016;375:971

º¸´Ù ±ÕÇüµÈ ½Ã°¢À¸·Î LiverTODAY¸¦ º¸³»µå¸®µµ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

[2016-10-8. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

°û±Ý¿¬ ±³¼ö´Ô, ½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´Ô. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°£°æº¯ ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¤¸Æ·ù ÃâÇ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ EVL ÈÄ ´Ü±â°£ PPI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ª¸§´ë·Î ±Ù°Å°¡ ÀÖ´Â Ä¡·áÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. °øºÎ°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¿À¸¸ÇÑ ¹ß¾ð(Varix bleeding ȯÀÚ°¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô PPI¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÇѹÙÅÁ ³­¸®¸¦ Ä¡°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿©.)À» Çß´ø Á¡ »ç°úµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î varix bleeding ȯÀÚ°¡ º´µ¿¿¡¼­ PPI¸¦ ¸Â°í À־ ÇѹÙÅÁ ³­¸®¸¦ Ä¡Áö´Â ¾Ê°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.^^ ´ë½Å "ÀÌ È¯ÀÚ´Â EVLÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ¼ÒÈ­¼º ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Âµ¥ ¿Ö PPI¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¾Ë°í °è½Ê´Ï±î?"¶ó°í Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¹°¾îº¸°í, Ȥ½Ã ¸ð¸£¸é Ä£ÀýÇÏ°Ô °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÖ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ NEJM ¸®ºä(The primary outcome is positive - is that good enough?)ÀÇ °á·ÐÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

"A significance level of 5% for the primary efficacy outcome is the minimum requirement if a trial is to be declared ¡°positive,¡± and this level of significance should prompt deeper inspection into study processes and outcomes. Determining whether the evidence justifies the announcement of a major advance in medical care or a more cautionary note that further studies are warranted requires a comprehensive approach to all available evidence by various stakeholders.

If the efficacy and safety outcomes of the trial are convincingly met, the next step is to evaluate its overall quality and internal validity. It must also be determined whether the findings translate into treatment effectiveness (and net clinical benefit) in real-world patients. However, caution is required when data from nonrandomized registries are used to confirm or refute trial findings, given the potential for selection bias and residual confounding when such registries are used. At the same time, gauging the cost-effectiveness of treatments across different types of health care systems will determine the level of reimbursement (which in turn will affect the adoption of a new therapy).

For a new drug, the question of whether the results of a pivotal trial will satisfy the requirements for approval established by regulators (e.g., FDA and the European Medicines Agency) depends on the totality of the evidence from the trial and from all previous, related studies. Often, further evidence is required to clarify the safety profile of a new drug, and approval may depend on the sponsor¡¯s willingness to undertake additional safety studies (by means of randomized trials or observational registries).

Societal guideline committees play an important role in synthesizing the knowledge base and classifying the strength of evidence for new treatments; their endorsements strongly affect practice. Ultimately, however, physicians at the point of care bear the final responsibility for accurately interpreting clinical trial results and for integrating regulatory and guideline recommendations in order to make the best treatment decisions for each patient in their care. "

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[References]

1) EsoTODAY - Esophageal diseases

2) SmallTODAY - Small bowel diseases

3) ColonTODAY - Colorectal diseases

4) Dr. Sinn's LiverTODAY - Liver diseases

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