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[GERD Academy 2°­]

½Ã°£: 2018³â 2¿ù 24ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ

Àå¼Ò: ¿ë»ê µå·¡°ï¹ë¸® È£ÅÚ


1. Impedance pH monitoring (¹Î¾ç¿ø)

NERDÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀº abnormal acid expoure°¡ ÀÖ°í, Àý¹ÝÀº abnormal acid exposure°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Abnormal acid exposure°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì´Â (1) reflux hypersensitivity¿Í (2) functional heartburnÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁý´Ï´Ù.

NERD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ impedance-pH monitoringÀº ÃÖ»óÀÇ Ä¡·á¹æħ °áÁ¤¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. Functional heartburnÀ» ã¾Æ¼­ ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ¸é »ê¿ª·ù¾ïÁ¦ Ä¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ¿Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Reflux hypersensitivity¿¡¼­´Â ÀϺΠPPI response°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, functional heartburn¿¡¼­´Â PPI response°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

Reflux hypersensitivity ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ hiatal hernia°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é anti-reflux surgery¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (¼Û±³¿µ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â reflux hypersensitivity ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼úÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù°í comment ÇØ Áּ̰í, ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â Àß Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© functional heartburn ȯÀÚ¸¦ Àß °¡·Á³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ´äº¯Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.)

TLESRÀÌ acid reflux¿Í ±í°Ô °ü¿©µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Hiatal hernia°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ´õ¿í ±×·¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


2. High resolution manometry (ÀÌÅÂÈñ)

GERD °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© HRMÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀº GERD À¯»ç Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â motility Áúȯ(ƯÈ÷ achalasia)¸¦ ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Disease misdiagnosed as GERD

GERD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ º¸ÀÌ´Â HRMÀÇ specificÇÑ ¼Ò°ßÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. EGJ contractile integralÀÇ º¯ÇÏ°í LES¿Í crural diaphragmÀÌ separationµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌÅÂÈñ ±³¼ö´ÔÀº achalasia ȯÀÚÀÇ »ó´ç¼ö´Â ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼­ ÁüÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Áõ·Ê¸¦ º¸¿©Á̴ּµ¥¿ä, ÇÑ achalasia ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ AlgironÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÇô ÀǽÉÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª AlgironÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ·ΠÀç°ËÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼­´Â achalasia ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ¸í¹éÈ÷ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Algiron ¾øÀÌ ½ÃÇàÇÑ HRM ¼Ò°ß°ú AlgironÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ ÈÄ HRM ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ´Þ¶ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[ÀÌÁØÇà Áú¹®]

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ anticholinergics´Â ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎÀÛ¿ëµµ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀºµ¥¿ä... Àú´Â À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ AligronÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚ°¡ 30% ¼±ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̸¶Àú ¾²Áö ¸»±î °í·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Screening endoscopy »óȲÀ̶ó¸é Á¶±Ý õõÈ÷ °Ë»çÇϸé Algiron ¾øÀ̵µ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ motility ÁúȯÀÌ ÀǽɵǸé AlgironÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í °Ë»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´Áö ¾Ê³ª »ý°¢µÇ´Âµ¥ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀº ¾î¶°ÇϽʴϱî?

[ÀÌÅÂÈñ ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

Á¶±Ý Àü º¸¿©µå¸° ȯÀÚ´Â ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. AlgironÀ» ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Áø´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, AlgironÀ» ¾²¸é Áø´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î AlgironÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê°í °Ë»çÇÏ´Ù°¡ diffuse esophageal spasmÀ» ÀǽÉÇߴµ¥, ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ ½Äµµ ¿îµ¿ ±â´É¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ³ª¿À´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

[ÀÌÁØÇà Áú¹®]

IntegralÀº ¸ÚÁø °³³äÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. Classic esophageal manometryó·³ HRM¿¡¼­µµ mean LES pressure¸¦ ¼öÄ¡·Î Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ»±î¿ä?

2016-7-25 ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¿ù¿ä¼ÒÈ­±âÁý´ãȸ ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´Ô °­ÀÇ

[ÀÌÅÂÈñ ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

IRP¿Í resting LES pressure¿Í correlationÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.


3. Pathophysiology of GERD (¹Ú¹«ÀÎ)

Hiatal hernia°¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Esophageal clearanceµµ °á±¹ hiatal hernia¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Çö»óÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ¸¸µµ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Esophageal hypersensitivityµµ Á¡Â÷ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ºÐÀ§±âÀÔ´Ï´Ù (reduced threshold for epithelial injury and symptom perception). µÎ °¡Áö ±âÀüÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. (1) visceral sensitivity, (2) epithelial resistance (dilated intercellular space¿Í °ü·ÃµË´Ï´Ù).

Hiatal hernia°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é re-reflux°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (Gastroenterology 2018;154:277-288)

Development of GERD
Reflux Áõ°¡Hiatal henia
Obesity
Sensitivity Áõ°¡Peripheral mechanism
Central mechanism


4. Pathophysiology of GERD (¹Ú¼º¼ö)

¹Ú¼º¼ö ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Áú¹®À¸·Î °­ÀǸ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Hiatal hernia°¡ ½ÉÇϸé Áõ»óÀÌ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÒ °Í °°Àºµ¥, ³»°ú ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀº ÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ö ±×¸® ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À»±î?

GERD pathophysiologyÀÇ ÁÖ °³³äÀº °ú°ÅºÎÅÍ hiatal hernia --> LES pressure --> acid pocketÀÇ °³³äÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²î¾î ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.

Crural diaphragm dysfuction (Pandolfino JM. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1056-63)

Examples of EGJ pressure morphology subtypes primarily distinguished by the extent of lower esophageal sphincter-crural diaphragm (LES-CD) separation. The upper plot in each panel is an isobaric contour representation of the spatiotemporal pressure changes spanning from the distal esophagus, across the EGJ, and into the proximal stomach during several respiratory cycles. The pressure magnitude corresponding to spectral colors is shown at the bottom of the figure. The lower plot in each panel illustrates a series of spatial pressure variation plots at the instants of peak inspiration (dark gray) and expiration (light gray) corresponding to the times marked I and E on the upper panels. Pressure magnitude is plotted along the x-axis and the axial location along the esophagus on the y-axis. The location of the respiratory inversion point (RIP) is shown by the horizontal dashed line. (A) shows an example of complete overlap of the CD and the LES with a single pressure peak in the spatial pressure variation plots during both inspiration and expiration (type I). The RIP lies at the proximal margin of the EGJ. (B) illustrates an example of EGJ type II characterized by minimal, but discernible, LES-CD separation making for a double-peaked spatial pressure variation plot, but the nadir pressure between the peaks was still greater than gastric pressure. The RIP is within the EGJ at the proximal margin of the CD. EGJ type III (C,D) was defined when LES-CD separation was >2 cm at inspiration. This is the HRM signature of hiatus hernia. Two subtypes were discernible, IIIa and IIIb, with the distinction being that the RIP was proximal to the CD with IIIa (C) and proximal to the LES in IIIb (D). Minimal pressure increase reflecting CD contraction is observed during inspiration in type IIIb. (Pandolfino JM. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1056-63)

Acid pocketÀÇ sizeµµ ¹®Á¦ÀÌÁö¸¸ positionÀÌ ´õ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.

ÃæºÐÇÑ intraabdominal esophagus (3cm ÀÌ»ó)À» È®º¸ÇÏÀÚ. WrapÀÌ distensibitlity¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´À½¼ÇÏ°Ô ¸»¾ÆÁ־ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

[ÀÌÁØÇà comment]

µÎ °¡Áö Áú¹®À» ÁֽŠ°Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. (1) Hiatal hernia°¡ ½ÉÇϸé Áõ»óÀÌ ½ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÒ °Í °°Àºµ¥, ³»°ú ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀº ÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ö ±×¸® ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À»±î? (2) º´Å»ý¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ °ü½É»ç°¡ °ú°Å·ÎºÎÅÍ hiatal hernia, TLES relaxation, acid pocketÀ¸·Î º¯ÇØ¿Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ³»½Ã°æ ÀÇ»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀº (1) Hiatal hernia¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ Á¤ÀÇ È¤Àº ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ¼³¸íÀ» ½ÃµµÇϸ鼭 hiatal herniaÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¼ö½Ê³â°£ °ú¼ÒÆò°¡µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Acid pocketÀ̳ª HRM·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© hiatal hernia°¡ ºÎÈ°ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. óÀ½ºÎÅÍ Áß¿äÇßµµ Áö±Ýµµ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (2) Hiatal hernia´Â analogueÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Analogue¸¦ µ¥ÀÌŸȭÇϱ⠾î·Æ±â¶§¹®¿¡ °ú¼ÒÆò°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÛÀº hiatal herniaµµ ȯÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (3) °°Àº »ê¿ª·ù°¡ ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ Áõ»óÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó sensitivity°¡ ´Ù¸¥µ¥ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[Åä·Ð]

Hiatal hernia°¡ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀþÀº ȯÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ü°ú ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀÇ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 'Á¶±Ý °úÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?'¶ó´Â ÀǰߺÎÅÍ 'hiatal hernia°¡ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ His angleÀÌ µÐÇϰųª stomachÀÌ ±æÂßÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ ¹º°¡ÀÇ anatomic factor°¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï À̸¦ °ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ±³Á¤ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù'´Â ÀÇ°ß µîÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®µæ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó Áß¿äÇÑ anatomic factor°¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù(Áß³â À̻󿡼­´Â sliding hiatal hernia, ÀþÀº ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â His angleÀ̳ª stomach morphology)°í »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿äÀÎÀ» anatomic factor¿Í functional factor·Î 2ºÐ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î anatomic factor°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ¸é ¼ö¼úÀÌ µµ¿òµÇ°í, functional factor°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ¸é ¼ö¼úÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ÀûÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.


5. Surgical indication of GERD (°í·ÁÀÇ´ë ±èÁ¾ÇÑ)

°¡Àå ³ÐÀº indicationÀº SAGES¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

  1. Failed medical therapy
  2. Opt for surgey despite successful medical management
  3. Have complications of GERD
  4. Have extra-esophageal manifestation

±èÁ¾È¯ ¼±»ý´ÔÀº "¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â subtype 1 ȯÀÚ°¡ ¼ö¼ú ÀǷڵǴ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀûÀ¸¹Ç·Î subtype 2³ª ÀϺΠsubtype 3µµ ¼ö¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù"°í Çϼ̴µ¥ Àú´Â ´Ù¼Ò ¿ì·Á½º·´´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.


6. Surgical principles (°¡Å縯ÀÇ´ë ¼Û±³¿µ)

Essential elements of fundoplication

Anatomical failure

Transient dysphagia´Â tight fundoplication ¶§¹®À̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ edema ¶§¹®ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Anatomical failure¿¡¼­´Â revisionÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


7. Refractory GERD (¼øõÇâ´ëÇб³ ÀÌÅÂÈñ)


[References]

1. EndoTODAY GERD and related conditions - with emphasis on refractory GERD (ÀÌdz·Ä)

2. EndoTODAY º¹°­°æÇ׿ª·ù¼ö¼ú - Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS)

3. Á¦1ȸ ´ëÇÑÀ§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ ¼ö¼ú¿¬±¸È¸ Çмú´ëȸ (2015³â 10¿ù 31ÀÏ)

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.