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EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ±³½Ç


[GERD - ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô Ư°­]

1. Introduction

2. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ ¿ªÇÐ

3. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ º´Å»ý¸®

4. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ Áø´Ü

5. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ Ä¡·á

6. ºÒÀÀ¼º refractory GERD

7. ¹Ù·¿½Äµµ

8. Related condition: Æ®¸§, supragastric belching, rumination syndrome

9. FAQ

10. References

2018-1-8. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô Ư°­

Seoul Consensus on GERD 2020 PDF 0.6M


1. Introduction

ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ GERD Ư°­À» ¿ä¾àÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¸Å³â °­ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ½Ã°í °è½Ê´Ï´Ù. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2019-1-7. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô comment]

"GERD ¿µ¿ªÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº PPIÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ÀûÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. PPI´Â 1991³â ¸»ºÎÅÍ ±¹³»¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 25³â Á¤µµ ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼­ PPI Çϳª¸¸À¸·Î ºÒÆíÇÑ Á¡ÀÌ ÀûÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» À̾߱âÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù (2017³â-2018³â) °ú°ÅÀÇ Á¤Àdzª Áø´Ü±âÁØÀ» ´Ù½Ã °ËÅäÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Lyon consensus(Gyawali CP, Gut 2018)¶ó´Â Áß¿äÇÑ Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Revisiting MontrealÀ̶ó´Â ³í¹®(Am J Gastroenterol 2018)µµ ÀÖ¾ú°í, PPI ºÎÀÛ¿ë ºÎºÐÀÌ °³³ä Á¤¸®°¡ µÇ¾ú°í (Nature Review 2017), P-CABÀ̶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î ¾àµµ ³ª¿À¸é¼­ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Á¶¿ëÇÏ´ø GERD ¿µ¿ªÀÌ °©ÀÚ±â hotÇØÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.


2. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ ¿ªÇÐ

Á¤ÀÇ´Â Montreal Á¤ÀǸ¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ºÐ·ù´Â LA classificationÀ» µû¸¨´Ï´Ù. Minimal change´Â ¿ª·ù¼º ½Äµµ¿°À¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ, ¹Ù·¿½Äµµ, ¹Ù·¿½Äµµ¾ÏÂÊÀ¸·Î °¥¼ö·Ï men, western, white ºñÁßÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â men, western, white°¡ obesity¶ó´Â º¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ À§ÇèÀÎÀڷΠȯ¿øµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼­¾çÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´õ¶óµµ, central obesity°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é GERD ¹ß»ý À§ÇèÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù.

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·¿½Äµµ°¡ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏ°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÁ÷ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­¸¸ ³ô°Ô ³ª¿À°í Àִµ¥, ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¹Ù·¿½Äµµ Áø´Ü±âÁØÀÌ Æ¯ÀÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºñ¸¸ À¯º´·üµµ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶óµµ Á¶¸¸°£ ³ô¾ÆÁú °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀϺ» »©°í´Â ½Äµµ ¼±¾ÏÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â Áõ°Å´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÇâÈÄ ³ô¾ÆÁú °¡´É¼ºÀº ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


3. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ º´Å»ý¸®

À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯÀÇ °ø°ÝÀÎÀÚ¿Í ¹æ¾îÀÎÀÚÀÇ °ü°è


1) º´Å»ý¸® Áß tLESRÀº ²À ¾Æ¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§ È®Àå(gastric distention)¿¡ µû¸¥ vagal reflexÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª tLESR¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ¾àÀº È¿°ú°¡ ½ÅÅëÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ºñ¸¸ÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

2) Ⱦ°æ¸·

Right crus°¡ sling-likeÇÏ°Ô ½Äµµ¸¦ °¨½Î°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¹ºÎ ºñ¸¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© º¹ºÎ°¡ ÆØâµÇ¸é diaphragmÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª¸é¼­ hiatal openingµµ ´Ã¾î³³´Ï´Ù.

3) Flap valveÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Opposing sling and clasp muscle fibers. The longitudinal muscle layer of the stomach has been cut away to show the opposing sling and clasp muscle fibers. These fibers sit in tonic opposition until a swallow triggers receptive relaxation. It is thought that progressive stretching of these fibers leads to valve incompetence and subsequent GERD. (Jobe BA. Am J Gastroenterol 2004)

Intraabdominal esophagusÀÇ angle of His°¡ ¿¹°¢À» À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 È¿°úÀûÀÎ flap valve¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½À.

Sling fiber¿Í clasp fiber°¡ ÇùÁ¶ÇÏ¿© È¿°úÀûÀÎ flap valve¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½À

Angle of His°¡ µÐ°¢ÀÌ µÇ¸é¼­ flap valve ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÒÀ½.

Angle of His°¡ µÐ°¢ÀÌ µÇ°í, hiatus°¡ ³Ð¾îÁö°í, intraabdominal esophagus°¡ »ó½ÂÇϸé sliding hiatal hernia°¡ µÊ.

¿À·¡ Àü Á¦¾ÈµÈ Hill grade¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù Á¡Â÷ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

4) Acid pocket - ½ÄÈÄ¿¡ À§»ê¿ª·ù Áõ»óÀÌ ÈçÇÑ paradox¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÀº ¼³¸íÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÄÈÄ »õ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø À§»êÀÌ acid pocket¿¡ ¸ðÀÌ´Â Çö»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Acid pocketÀÌ diaphragmº¸´Ù À§ÂÊ¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸé (= hiatal hernia) À§»êÀÌ ¿ª·ùÇϱ⠽¬¿î »óÅ°¡ µË´Ï´Ù.

5) ½Äµµ üºÎÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ»ó

6) ºñ¸¸ - ´õ ÀÌ»ó ºñ¸¸°ú GERD °ü·Ã¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³í¹®Àº ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ³Ê¹«³ª ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô È®¸³µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¸¶¸¥ ȯÀÚ, º¹ºÎ Áö¹æÀÌ ¾ø´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ hiatal hernia°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °í¹ÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ('³ó»çÇÏ´Â ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï syndrome'À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ÀϺ» Àǻ絵 ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.)

7) Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ

°ú°Å¿¡´Â Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ°¡ GERD¿¡ ´ëÇÑ protective effect°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â Àý´ë·Î ÀÌ·± ¸»À» ¾²¸é ¾ÈµÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç ÀÎü¿¡ ÁÁÀº Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ °¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À§Ã༺ À§¿°ÀÇ °á°ú À§»êºÐºñ°¡ ÁÙ¾î GERD Áõ»óÀÌ ´Ù¼Ò ´úÇÑ °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌÁö¸¸ "protective effect"¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ºÎÀûÀýÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀÎÀÚ¸¦ Á¾ÇÕÇÏ¿© »ý¸®ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¾îÀÎÀÚÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ Æı«¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿ª·ù¹ß»ý ¹× ¾ÇÈ­¸¦ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â 'À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯÀÇ °³³äÀû ¸ðµ¨'·Î ÅëÇյǾú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÇÈ­ÀÎÀÚ Áß obesity¿Í diet°¡ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


4. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ Áø´Ü

Lyon consensus (Gut 2018)¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© GERDÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ´Ù½Ã Çѹø Á¤¸®µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. LA-A ȤÀº LA-BÀÇ ¿ª·ù¼º ½Äµµ¿°Àº pathologic refluxÀÇ conclusive evidence¿¡¼­ ¹èÁ¦µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Interpretation of oesophageal test results in the context of GERD. Any one conclusive finding provides strong evidence for the presence of GERD. While a normal EGD does not exclude GERD on its own, this provides strong evidence against GERD when combined with AET <4% and <40 reflux episodes on pH-impedance monitoring off proton pump inhibitor therapy. When evidence is inconclusive or borderline, adjunctive or supportive findings can add confidence to the presence or absence of GERD. Histopathology as an adjunctive measure requires a dedicated scoring system (incorporating papillary elongation, basal cell hyperplasia, DIS, intraepithelial inflammatory cells, necrosis and erosions) or evidence of DIS on electron microscopy. However, adjunctive findings, particularly histopathology and motor findings in isolation, are not enough to diagnose GERD. AET, acid exposure time; DIS, dilated intercellular spaces; MNBI, mean nocturnal baseline impedance; HRM, high-resolution manometry; PSPWI index, postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index; EGJ, oesophagogastric junction. *Factors that increase confidence for presence of pathological reflux when evidence is otherwise borderline or inconclusive. (Gut 2018)


[2019-1-17. ÀÌÁØÇà comment]

Lyon consensus(Gyawali CP, Gut 2018)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àá½Ã »ý°¢ÇØ º¾´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ consensus meetingÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀº Montreal definition µû¶ó Áõ»ó ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î PPI¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀº GERD overdiagnosis¿Í PPI overuse¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù´Â ¹®Á¦ÀǽĿ¡ ±âÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Lyon consesnsus¿¡¼­´Â Å©°Ô µÎ °¡Áö°¡ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (1) Symptom-based GERD diagnosis¿Í physiology-based GERD diagnosis°¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹°í (sensitivity¿Í specificity°¡ 70% ȤÀº ±× ÀÌÇÏ), (2) GERDÀÇ subtype ±¸ºÐÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ physiology study°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. High resolution manometry¿Í impedence °Ë»ç°¡ °­Á¶µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ EG junction anatomy¿Í physiologyÀÇ °´°üÈ­°¡ ÇÙ½ÉÀÎ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. EGJ contractilityÀÇ 85% ¸¦ crural diaphragm (CD)ÀÌ ´ã´çÇϹǷΠEGJ anatomy°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ°í, EGJ contractile integralÀÌ À¯¸ÁÇÑ ÁöÇ¥·Î Á¦½ÃµÉ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

±×·¯³ª Lyon consensus¿¡¼­´Â ±× ÈçÇÑ algorithmÀ» Çϳªµµ Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Â°ÚÁö¿ä. ÇϳªÀÇ ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ¹­¿´À» ¶§ ÇϳªÀÇ algorithmÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀÌÁö ¿©·¯ ÁúȯÀÌ ´ë°­ ¼¯ÀÎ »óȲÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇѵ¥ ¾îÂî ÇϳªÀÇ algorithmÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î. Lyon consesnsusÀÇ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê°í ƯÀ¯ÀÇ ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀ¸·Î ºùºù µ¹·Á¼­ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. "No single approach is perfect"¶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇϸ鼭 "The goal of evaluation should therefore transition toward defining GERD phenotypes to facilitate tailored treatment"¶ó´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÏ¿´´õ±º¿ä. Àú´Â GERD¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ algorithmÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â heterogenousÇÑ ÁúȯÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PPIÀÇ ¾àÈ¿¿¡ ³î¶ó¼­ GERD¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ¿ÀÇØÇÏ¿´´ø Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ½½½½ Á¦Á¤½ÅÀ» ã°í Á߸³ÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ÃʽÉÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡´Â ¸ð¾ç»õÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿À·¡ÀüºÎÅÍ ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹ÙÀÌÁö¸¸ PPI ȤÀº P-CABÀ» ´Ü±â°£ »ç¿ëÇÑ ÈÄ ±ô¦ ³î¶ö¸¸Å­ Áõ»óÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÁö´Â ȯÀÚ´Â GERD·Î º¸°í ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é physiology test¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© subtypeÀ» ±Ô¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÀÇ point´Â "±ô¦ ³î¶ö¸¸Å­"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ö¸ÅÇÏ°Ô ÁÁ¾ÆÁö´Â °Í ¸»·Î ±ô¦ ³î¶ö¸¸Å­ ÁÁ¾ÆÁ®¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (2019-1-17. GI ASCO¿¡ Âü¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ³¯¾Æ°¡´Â ´ëÇÑÇ×°ø economy ¼®¿¡¼­ Âɱ׸®°í ¾É¾Æ ½è½À´Ï´Ù. °ÅÀÇ 10³â ¸¸¿¡ Àå°Å¸® ºñÇàÀ» ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹ÌÄ¥ Áö°æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â 2½Ã°£ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ºñÇàÀ» ²ûÂïÈ÷ ½È¾îÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)


5. À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ Ä¡·á

Áõ»ó¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ PPI¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. PPI¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇϴ ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¼±º°ÇÏ¿© Åõ¾àÇÏ°í PPI¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷¿¡¼­´Â »¡¸® ¾àÀ» ²÷¾îÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯÇÏ¸é ¿ª·ù¼º½Äµµ¿°À¸·Î »ý°¢Çß´ø ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ¿ª·ù¼º½Äµµ¿°ÀÇ Á¡¸·º´º¯ÀÇ Ä¡À¯(healing)°¡ Ä¡·áÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ 80³â´ë ÈÄ¹Ý À§»êºÐºñ¾ïÁ¦Á¦(PPI)°¡ °³¹ßµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ½±°Ô ´Þ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ À̶§¹®¿¡ ¿Ü°úÀû À§ºÐ¹®ºÎ¼ºÇü¼ú(surgical fundoplication)°ú °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ Ä¡·á¿ä±¸µµ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ´Â°ÍÀº PPIÄ¡·á¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿ª·ùÁõ»óÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ°Å³ª ½Äµµ¿° ¾øÀÌ Áõ»óÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í À§»êºÐºñ¾ïÁ¦Á¦(PPI)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿¿ë¼ºÀº ½Äµµ¿°, °¡½¿¾²¸²Áõ»ó(symptomatic heartburn), ¿ª·ù(regurgitation), ÈäÅë(chest pain), ±âħ(cough), Àεο°(laryngitis) and õ½Ä(asthma) ¼øÀ¸·Î ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù.

Revisiting MontrealÀ̶ó´Â Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¸®ºä°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. "With one third of "typical" symptoms known to be refractory" ¹× "Mechanisms underlying GERD, RH, and FH are (in theory) not mutally exclusive"¶ó°í ÀüÁ¦Çϸ鼭 ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì µµÀüÀûÀÎ ±×¸² µÎ °³¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Scale¿¡ µû¸¥ positionÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶óÁö¸¸ ±×³ª¸¶ heartburnÀÌ PPI¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ°í regurgitation, chest pain, cough ¼ø¼­·Î ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À» Á¤È®È÷ ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Heartburnµµ subtype¿¡ µû¸¥ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ±× ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡¼­ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

Suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related symptoms, their relative likelihood of response to acid-suppressive therapy based on the literature, and the presumed importance of acid reflux for symptom generation based on these findings. Smaller arrows underneath each symptom indicate the direction of the shift in response to acid suppression when patients are selected based on the presence (RE+) or absence (RE-) of reflux esophagitis, or the presence (pH+) or absence (pH-) of pathologic esophageal acid exposure. The relative position of each symptom and the size of the arrows is not to scale. In summary, heartburn is assumed to be the quintessential acid-related symptom and as such correlates the most frequently with pathologic esophageal acid exposure and response to acid-suppressive therapy. The response of heartburn (and regurgitation) to acid suppression is higher in RE+ patients than in RE- patients, concordant with RE being a good proxy for pathologic esophageal acid exposure in lieu of pH-testing. The relative response of symptoms to acid suppression decreases as their dependence on pathologic esophageal acid exposure decreases. However, even for symptoms such as chest pain and cough, response rates to acid suppression can be enhanced by identifying patients who have pathologic esophageal acid exposure (pH+), albeit with a dwindling effect as symptom etiology becomes increasingly multifactorial

Relationship between reflux acidity, response of heartburn to acid-suppressive therapy and the role of peripheral and/or central esophageal hypersensitivity in different gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD patients with heartburn. Reflux esophagitis (RE) correlates strongly with the presence of pathologic esophageal acid exposure and, concomitantly, healing of RE and heartburn resolution are high with acid-suppressive therapy in these patients. Some patients have heartburn but not RE. Those who have pathologic esophageal acid exposure (pH+) have NERD, and heartburn symptoms respond as well to acid suppression as they do in patients with RE. Those patients with heartburn who do not have pathologic esophageal acid exposure may still have a positive symptom association probability (SAP+) for acid or non-acid reflux, and are thus categorized as having reflux hypersensitivity (acid hypersensitive esophagus (AHE) or non-acid hypersensitive esophagus (NAHE)). Patients without pathologic acid exposure who have a negative SAP are designated as having functional heartburn (FH). The role of peripheral and/or central esophageal hypersensitivity increases as dependence on acid reflux (and response to acid suppression) decreases, in line with heartburn perception occurring despite non-pathologic acid reflux (hyperalgesia) in patients with reflux hypersensitivity, or under physiological reflux conditions (allodynia) in patients with FH.

Life style modification¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ºñ¸¸ Ä¡·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù. üÁú·®Áö¼ö°¡ 3.5kg/m2 °¨¼ÒµÇ¸é (= ´ë·« 10kg °¨·®) GERDÀÇ À§Çèµµ°¡ 40%³ª °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À½½ÄÀº Å©°Ô Á¦ÇÑÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. º»ÀÎÀÌ µå½Ã°í ºÒÆíÇÏ¸é ±× À½½Ä¸¸ ÇÇÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.

PPI and adverse events with proven and unproven causality¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ËÅä°¡ ÀÖ¾ú°í (1) structural and functional changes in the gastric mucosa, (2) acute kidney injury, (3) enteric infection ¼¼°¡Áö´Â ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í °³³äÀÌ Á¤¸®µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. (Nature Review 2017)

PPI¸¦ longtermÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é definite absolute indicationÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Definite absolute indicationÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÇԺηΠlongtermÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾È µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌdz·Ä APDW

¼ö¼úÀº high dose PPI¿Í È¿°ú°¡ ºñ½ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼ö¼úÀº mortality°¡ ÀÖ°í complicationÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ³»°ú Ä¡·á°¡ ¿ì¼±ÀÌ°í hiatal hernia°¡ ÇöÀúÇÑ °æ¿ì, ÀþÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì physilogy¸¦ Àß ¾Ë°í, ¼ö¼úÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿Ü°úÀǻ翡°Ô ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇغ¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

[2019-1-7. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô comment]

º¹ºÎ ºñ¸¸À» °¡Áø GERD ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ PPI¸¸ µå¸®¸é ÀÇ»çÀÇ Á÷¹«À¯±âÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºñ¸¸À» Æò°¡ÇÏ°í Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ºñ¸¸ °ü¸®¸¦ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô °­·ÂÈ÷ ÃßõÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


6. Refractory GERD

°ú°Å´Â Compliance´Â ¾î¶»°í metabolismÀÌ ¾î¶»´Ù´Â µî ȯÀÚ Å¿À» ¸¹ÀÌ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Áø´ÜÀ» ´Ù½Ã »ìÆ캼 °ÍÀ» ÃßõÇÕ´Ï´Ù. pH-impedence °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇØ º¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


pH-impedence °Ë»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© 4°³ÀÇ phenotypeÀ¸·Î ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1ÇüÀº À§»êÀ» ´õ¿í °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¾ïÁ¦ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2ÇüÀº À§»ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Äµµ°ú¹Î¼ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù. TCA³ª SSRIµîÀ» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 3ÇüÀº »ê¿ª·ù´Â ÀÖÀ¸³ª Áõ»óÀº ÀÌ¿Í ¹«°üÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 3Çü¿¡¼­ »ê¿ª·ù¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Áõ»ó(heartburn)°ú »ê¿ª·ù¿Í °ü·ÃµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Áõ»ó(globus)À» ÇÔ²² °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì PPI¸¦ ÁÖ¸é »ê¿ª·ù Áõ»óÀº ÁÁ¾ÆÁöÁö¸¸ globus´Â ÁÁ¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Globus°¡ PPI ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÓÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¼³¸íÇÏ¿© ÀÌÇؽÃÅ°¸é ȯÀÚ°¡ ¾È½ÉÀ» Çϸ鼭 Áõ»óÀÌ ÀúÀý·Î ÁÁ¾ÆÁö±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 4ÇüÀº GERD°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î ¸ðµç ¾àÀ» ²÷¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Phenotype 2´Â °£´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ê¿ª·ù´Â Áõ»óÀ̳ª symptom associationÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤»ó ¹üÀ§ÀÇ »ê¿ª·ù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ú°¨°¢ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀ̹ǷΠ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î PPI¸¦ Áָ鼭 pain modulator¸¦ ÇÔ²² ½á ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. °¡Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÑ amitryptilineÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Phenotype 3´Â º¹ÀâÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »ê¿ª·ù´Â ÀÖÀ¸³ª ±×¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô globus°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Globus Áõ»ó°ú °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü ¾àÀ» ²÷°í »ê¿ª·ù Áõ»ó¸¸ °ü¸®ÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
Phenotype 3, 4¿¡¼­´Â PPI¸¦ ²÷¾îÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤´äÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ extraesophageal symptomÀÌ ¿©±â¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2017-10-25. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô comment]

[2019-1-7. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô comment]

PPI ¾àÀ» ¼ö³â°£ º¹¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¾à¹°¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ºÐµéÀÌ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ ÇѹøÀº ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é »ç½Ç ±× ȯÀÚ´Â PPI response°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. GERD¶ó´Â Áø´ÜÀº ¿ÀÁøÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌÁØÇà comment: ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ °­ÀǸ¦ µéÀ¸¸é¼­ Á¦ ³ª¸§´ë·Î ´Ù½Ã Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: EndoTODAY Refractory GERD


7. ¹Ù·¿ ½Äµµ

¹Ù·¿ ½ÄµµÀÇ Áø´Ü¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã specialized intestinal metaplasia(SIM)°¡ È®ÀεǾî¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï goblet cellÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. SIMÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì´Â columnar lined esophagus (CLE)·Î ºÒ·¯¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°ú°Å¿¡´Â ¹Ù·¿ÀÌ À־ »ê¿ª·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¸¸ PPI¸¦ Åõ¿©Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â °³³äÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·¿°ú »ê¿ª·ùÀÇ °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ ´ë±Ô¸ð ¿¬±¸´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¹Ù·¿ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ PPI¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â ÂÊÀ¸·Î À̾߱Ⱑ ¸ðÀÌ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ¼±¾ÏÀ̳ª °íµµÀÌÇü¼ºÁõÀÇ À§Çèµµ¸¦ 71% °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (Gut 2014;63:1185).

ºñ·Ï randomized study´Â ¾øÀ¸³ª ¹Ù·¿ ½Äµµ¿¡¼­ PPI »ç¿ëÀÇ ±àÁ¤Àû È¿°ú´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


8. Related condition: Æ®¸§, supragastric belching, rumination syndrome

LES relaxationÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Æ®¸§ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Supragastric belchingÀº Æ®¸§ °°À¸³ª Æ®¸§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ½Äµµ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ³·Ãç °ø±â¸¦ ÈíÀÔÇÑ ÈÄ °ø±â¸¦ ¹ñ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð rumination¿¡ »ê¿ª·ù°¡ µ¿¹ÝµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Behavioral disorder ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º¹½Ä È£Èí, biofeedbackÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.

Rumination syndrome. ½ÄÈÄ 30ºÐ - 1½Ã°£¿¡ µÇ»õ±èÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ´Ù°¡ µÇ»õ±èÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÑ Áø´Ü°ú ¼³¸íÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Âü¾Æ¾ßÇÏ°í º¹½ÄÈ£ÈíÀ» ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ½ÄÈÄ 1½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ´¯Áö ¸»°í º¹½ÄÈ£ÈíÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[FAQ]

[2018-1-8. Áú¹®]

Rome IV¿¡¼­ reflux hypersensitivity°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Â categoryÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °Ë»ç µµÁß È¯ÀÚ°¡ ¹öÆ°À» ´©¸£¸é reflux hypersensitivity (= positive symptom association)·Î, ¹öÆ°À» ´©¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é functional heartburn (= negative symptom association)À¸·Î ±¸ºÐµË´Ï´Ù.

[2018-1-8. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

°Ë»ç Àü¿¡ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹öÆ°À» ´©¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª Áß¿äÇÑÁö Àß ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

[2018-1-8. Áú¹®]

P-CABÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀº ¾î¶°Çմϱî.

[2018-1-8. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

P-CABÀº onsetÀÌ ºü¸£°í À§»êºÐºñ ¾ïÁ¦°¡ °­·ÂÇϹǷΠȿ°ú´Â ÁÁÀºµ¥, ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °ÆÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. LFT ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß°ßµË´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ À¯¿ë¼ºÀº µÎ °¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (1) Refractory GERD type 1¿¡¼­ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ°í, (2) Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

[2019-1-7. Áú¹®]

P-CAB °è¿­ÀÇ ½Å¾àÀÌ ±¹³»¿¡¼­ °³¹ßµÇ¾î °ð launching µÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (K-CAB). GERDÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇϽôÂÁö¿ä?

[2019-1-7. ÀÌdz·Ä ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

Promising ÇÑ ¸éµµ ÀÖ°í ¿ì·Á½º·¯¿î ¸éµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. PPI¸¦ ½á¼­ ¾àÀÌ ¾È µé¾î¾µ ¶§ °í¹ÎÇÒ °ÍÀÌ 10°¡Áö Á¤µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, P-CAB¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·± °í¹ÎÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Effect°¡ ¹Ù·Î definiteÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (1) Compliance¸¸ È®½ÇÇϸé À§»ê ¾ïÁ¦°¡ º¸ÀåµË´Ï´Ù. (2) fast onsetÀº Ʋ¸²¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. (3) À½½Ä°ú ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô º¹¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Helicobacter Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. (1) Side effect¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Á¶±Ý ´õ »ìÆ캼 ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Hepatotoxicity¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö·Á¸é Á¶±Ý ´õ °æÇèÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (2) Acid-related complicationµµ Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캸¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[References]

1) EndoTODAY FAQ on GERD

2) EndoTODAY ¹Ù·¿ ½Äµµ

© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.