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1. Introduction
3. EMR-P´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ°í ESD´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
6. º´¸®ÇÐÀû ¿ÏÀüÀýÁ¦ ±âÁØ ¹× ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ´ëÃ¥
10. ¿µ¾ç °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ
1. Introduction - À§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á
À§¾Ï Ä¡·áÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀº ¼ö¼úÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ¼ö¼ú¿¡´Â ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ morbidity¿Í mortality°¡ µû¸¥´Ù. ƯÈ÷ À§¸¦ 2/3 ÀÌ»ó Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â À§¾Ï¼ö¼úÀº üÁß°¨¼Ò, dumping syndrome, ½Ä»ýÈ° º¯ÈÀÇ Çʿ伺 µîÀ¸·Î »îÀÇ ÁúÀ» Å©°Ô ÀúÇϽÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Àúħ½ÀÄ¡·á(less invasive treatment)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ³ô´Ù. Á¶±âÀ§¾ÏÀÇ ÀϺÎ, ƯÈ÷ Á¡¸·¿¡ ±¹ÇÑµÈ ¾Ï (M cancer) Áß Å©±â°¡ ÀÛÀº ºÐȾÏ(ÀϺ»¿¡¼´Â differentiated cancer·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±¹³»¿¡¼´Â well differentiated ¹× moderately differentiated typeÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °³³äÀÌ´Ù)Àº ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³·À¸¹Ç·Î ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ±¹¼ÒÄ¡·á¸¸À¸·Î ¿ÏÄ¡°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
¼ö¼úÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ lymph node status¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ¸²ÇÁÀý ÀüÀÌ°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Â º´¼ÒÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ESD ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ´Ù. ½ÉÆò¿ø¿¡¼´Â ESD ÀÎÁ¤±âÁØ (½ÃÇàÀÏÀÚ 2012.4.1)¿¡¼ "Á¡¸·¿¡ ±¹ÇÑµÈ ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¾ø´Â 2§¯ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ºÐÈÇü Á¶±â¾Ï"À» º¸Çè±Þ¿©±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ conventional indicationÀ̶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù.
ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â º´¼Ò, Áï Á» ´õ Å©°Å³ª ȤÀº ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¾à°£ º¸¿©µµ ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥ À̸¦ È®´ëÀûÀÀÁõ (expanded indication)À̶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö Àӻ󿬱¸°á°ú´Â ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¿© È®´ëÀûÀÀÁõÀ» Æø ³Ð°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱â´Â Èûµé´Ù. ³Ê¹« °í·ÉÀ̰ųª Ÿ ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Àü½Å»óÅ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì µî ¼ö¼ú À§Ç輺À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ESD¸¦ ½ÃµµÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀûÀÀÁõ(indication)°ú ÆÇÁ¤±âÁØ(criteria)À» ±¸ºÐÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 2013³â ÇöÀç °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ÀÇ·á±â°ü¿¡¼ ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Àü·«Àº conventional indication("Á¡¸·¿¡ ±¹ÇÑµÈ ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¾ø´Â 2§¯ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ºÐÈÇü Á¶±â¾Ï")À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ESD candidate¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ½Ã¼úÇÑ ÈÄ, ÃÖÁ¾º´¸®°á°ú¸¦ ÆÇÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â expanded criteria¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï ½Ã¼úÀü¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ minuteÇÑ submucosal invasionÀÌ Àְųª, º´¸®ÇÐÀû ±Ë¾çÀÌ Àְųª, 2cmº¸´Ù ¾à°£ Å©°Å³ª, ¹ÌºÐÈ¿ä¼Ò°¡ Á¶±Ý ¼¯¿©ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ Ãß°¡¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Á¶½É½º·´°Ô °æ°ú°üÂûÇÏ´Â Àü·«ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀϺ»¿¡¼ Á¦¾ÈµÈ Ç¥. ÀûÀÀÁõÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÀ» 3cm·Î Àâ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÔ.
ESD ½Ã¼ú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ È¯ÀÚ ¹× º¸È£ÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿Í µ¿ÀÇ´Â ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù. ȯÀÚ¿Í º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡°ÔÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇÑ ÈÄ ESDÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ´Ù ("informed consent"). °£È¤ ½ÉÇÑ °£±â´ÉºÎÀü, Æó±â´ÉºÎÀü, CVA µîÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© °³º¹ ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ È¯ÀÚ°¡ ESDÀ» À§ÇØ ÀǷڵǴ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ESDÀº ¼ö¼úÀ» ÅëÇؼ¸¸ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÕº´ÁõÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ½Ã¼úÀ̹ǷÎ, ¼ö¼úÀÇ definiteÇÑ contraindicationÀΠȯÀÚ´Â ESDÀÇ definiteÇÑ contraindicationÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¼ö¼ú¿¡ µû¸¥ À§Ç輺ÀÌ ³ôÀ¸³ª definiteÇÑ contraindicationÀº ¾Æ´Ñ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ESD¸¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
À§¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º¹¼ö¼úÀº ÀϺÎÀÇ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ¸é ´ëºÎºÐ 1ȸÀÇ ¼ö¼ú·Î ¸ðµç Ä¡·á°¡ Á¾·áµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ESD¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÑ ÈÄ º´¸®°á°ú¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ½Ã¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. Åë»ó ÀýÁ¦µÈ º´¸®Á¶Á÷¿¡¼ SM1(500 micrometer)À» ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â submucosal invasionÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, poorly differentiated typeÀÇ Á¶Á÷Çü, lymphovascular invasion ¾ç¼ºÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Resection margin ¾ç¼º¸¸ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì´Â ³»½Ã°æ ÀýÁ¦¼úÀ̳ª ³»½Ã°æ ¼ÒÀÛ¼úÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼úÀ» ´ë½ÅÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¶±âÀ§¾ÏÀ¸·Î ESD¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ 10-15%¿¡¼ ESD ÈÄ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ESD¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇϱâ Àü ȯÀÚ ¹× º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½Ã¼úÀÌ Àß µÇ¾ú´õ¶óµµ º´¸®°á°ú¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¸íÈ®È÷ ÀÌÇؽÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠽¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº "»Ñ¸®°¡ ±íÀº °æ¿ì ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± °æ¿ì°¡ 7¸í Áß 1¸íÀÔ´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À§¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡´Â °æ°ú°üÂûÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌÁö¸¸ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Á» ´õ ªÀº °£°ÝÀ¸·Î ÃßÀû°üÂû °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â º´¼Ò¸¸ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú°í À§°¡ ±×´ë·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖÀ¸¸ç, lymph node¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä¡·á°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÃßÀû°üÂû½Ã¿¡´Â Åë»ó ³»½Ã°æ, CT, chest X-ray°¡ ½ÃÇàµÈ´Ù.
[Âü°í¹®Çå]
1) ±¹³» ÃÖÃÊ Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á ´Ù±â°ü¿¬±¸ (±èÀçÁØ. Gastrointest Endosc 2007)
2) Outcome after ESD for EGC in Korea (ÀÌÁØÇà. World J Gastroenterol 2011)
3) »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ESD ±Ù°£ ¼ºÀû (Dig Liver Dis 2009)
4) »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ESD ±Ù°£ ¼ºÀû (Surg Endosc 2011)
5) ±¹³» Ÿº´¿ø ESD ±Ù°£ ¼ºÀû (GIE 2011)
ÀÌÇü¼º(dysplasia)´Â ¿ø·¡ "developmental abnormality"¶ó´Â »çÀüÀû Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, º´¸®ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â "unequivocal neoplastic transformation"À» ¶æÇϸç, ´ëºÎºÐ Àü¾Ï¼º º´¼Ò·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. À§ ÀÌÇü¼º(gastric dysplasia)µµ À§¾ÏÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Àü±¸º´¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÇü¼ºÀº º´¸®ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀúµµÀÌÇü¼º(low grade dysplasia)°ú °íµµÀÌÇü¼º(high grade dysplasia)À¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø´Ù.
ÀÌÇü¼º°ú È¥µ¿µÇ´Â °³³äÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¾(àÍðþ, adenoma)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±Á¾Àº ¼±¸¿Í ÀϺ»¿¡¼ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸¥ °³³äÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ¾î ´õ¿í È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù. ¼±¸¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÇü¼º Áß¿¡¼ À¶±âÇü¸¸À» ¼±Á¾À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÀϺ»¿¡¼´Â À¶±âÇü, ÆòźÇü, ÇÔ¸ôÇüÀÇ ÀÌÇü¼ºÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¼±Á¾À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼µµ À¶±âÇü, ÆòźÇü, ÇÔ¸ôÇüÀÇ ÀÌÇü¼ºÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¼±Á¾À¸·Î ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù. Áï "dysplasia=adenoma"·Î »ý°¢Çصµ Å©°Ô ¹«¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù. º» º´¿øÀÇ Á¶Á÷º´¸® °á°ú´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áï high grade dysplasia´Â ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í, low grade dysplasia´Â »ý·«ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌÇü¼ºÀº Áß¿äÇÑ Àü¾Ï¼º º´¼Ò(precancerous lesion)·Î °£ÁÖµÇÁö¸¸, ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ¸é ¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. Áï forcep biopsy·Î ¾òÀº Á¶Á÷¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÇü¼ºÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ µÇÁö¸¸, EMR/ESD·Î Àüü º´¼Ò¸¦ ¾ò¾î °üÂûÇÏ¸é ¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜµÇ´Â ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Low grade dysplasia¿¡¼ EMR/ESD ÈÄ ¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì´Â 5% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌÁö¸¸, high grade dysplasia¿¡¼´Â 20-30%¿¡¼ ¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ dysplasia¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ¿¡´Â ÃÖÁ¾ º´¸®°á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ôµµ »çÀü¿¡ Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
À§ ¼±Á¾ÀÇ ÀϺδ EMR ÈÄ À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²ï´Ù (Ãâó: Endoscopy 2001).
[Âü°í¹®Çå]
1) À§ÀÌÇü¼ºÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú Ä¡·á (text, ÀÌÁØÇà ¾¸)
2) Gastric dysplasa (Powerpoint PDF)
3. EMRÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ°í ESD´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡
µÑ ´Ù ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î Á¡¸·º´¼Ò¸¦ ÀÚ¸£´Â Ä¡·á(endoscopic resection, ER)ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÌ´Ù. º´¼ÒÀÇ ÇÏ´ÜÀ» ÀýÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±âº» ¿ø¸®´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. Endoscopic resectionÀÇ ±â¹ýÀº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇѵ¥, EMR-P (EMR with precutting)¿Í ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection)°¡ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
EMR-P´Â needle knife³ª IT knife µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º´¼Ò ÁÖº¯À» 360µµ cutting ÇÑ ÈÄ, snare¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º´¼Ò ÇÏ´ÜÀÇ Á¡¸·ÇÏÁ¶Á÷À» ÀýÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
EMR-P (endoscopic mucosal resection with precutting)
ESD´Â EMR-P¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î º´¼Ò ÁÖº¯À» 360µµ cuttingÇÑ ÈÄ, snare¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í needle knife³ª IT knife¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¡¸·ÇÏ Á¶Á÷À» Á÷Á¢ dissection ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ESD¹æ¹ýÀº EMR-P¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© Å« º´¼Ò¸¦ en bloc resection ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °É¸®°í ÇÕº´Áõ ¹ß»ý·üÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡µµ ÀÖ´Ù. º´¼Ò¿¡ µû¶ó¼´Â ÀϺΠsubmucosal dissection ÇÑ ÈÄ snare·Î resection Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù ±¹³»¿¡¼´Â EMR°ú ESD¸¦ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã¼ú¹ýÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ESD°¡ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ conventional EMR¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ³À̵µ°¡ ³ô°í (¼÷·Ã¿¡ ±ä ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÊ), ½Ã¼ú½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ°í, º¸Á¶ ÀηÂÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, ±â±¸¿Í Àåºñ°¡ »ó´çºÎºÐ ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëĪÇÏ¿© endoscopic resection (ER)À¸·Î ºÎ¸£±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù ("ER = EMR + ESD").
[Âü°í¹®Çå]
1) Tips for EMR/ESD (õ±â´©¼³)
2) EMR-P¿Í ESD ºñ±³ (¹Îº´ÈÆ. Dig Liver Dis 2009)
4-1. Indications of EMR/ESD for EGC
1) Confined to the mucosal layer: ÀÌ Ç׸ñÀº ´Ù¼Ò ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÀÌ´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ À°¾È¼Ò°ßÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© M cancerÀÎÁö SM (submucosal) cancerÀÎÁö¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ±¸ºÐÇϱ⠾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ³»½Ã°æ °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾ÏÀÇ depth of invasionÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Å°¿ï ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú Àü¿¡ EUS¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© depth of invasionÀ» Æò°¡Çϱ⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸, minuteÇÑ submucosal invasionÀº EUS¸¦ ÅëÇؼ Áø´ÜÇϱ⠾î·Æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ EMR/ESD Àü¿¡ EUS¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇʼöÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â EMR/ESDÀü EUS¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.
EUS¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¡¸·¾Ï°ú Á¡¸·ÇϾÏÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ëÀÌÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù (Ãâó: Nakamura. Cancer 1999;85:1500-1505).
Over-staging of the mucosal cancer is still a big problem.
2) Well differentiated or moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma
3) Less than 2-3 cm for the elevated lesion: Å©±â ±âÁØÀº ´Ù¼Ò À¯µ¿ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÇÔ¸ôÇü¿¡¼´Â Å©±â ±âÁØÀ» Á¼È÷´Â Àü¹®°¡µµ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¡¸·¾ÏÀÌ °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÀǽɵǴ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Å©±â ±âÁØÀ» ´Ù¼Ò ÃÊ°úÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ EMR/ESD¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
4) Without ulcer: ulcer°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì´Â submucosal invasionÀÌ ÈçÇϹǷΠulcer´Â EMR/ESDÀÇ contraindicationÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. ±×·¯³ª ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î ulcerÀÎÁö erosionÀÎÁö¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ Æò°¡Çϱ⠾î·Æ´Ù´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
5) Stomach CT or chest X-ray: no evidence of distant metastasis or LN involvement
4-2. Indications of EMR/ESD for gastric adenoma with or without high grade dysplasia
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À§¾ÏÀÇ Àü±¸º´º¯À¸·Î °£ÁֵǴ ¼±Á¾(àÍðþ, adenoma)Àº ¸ðµÎ (Å©±â ¹× ¸ð¾ç¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾øÀ½) EMR/ESDÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀϺΠū ¼±Á¾Àº EMR/ESD½Ã¼ú ÈÄ À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½Ã¼ú Àü¿¡ ȯÀÚ ¹× º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ Á¡À» ¸íÈ®È÷ ¼³¸íÇØ µÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
[ÃÊâ±â¿¡´Â 4¹Ú 5ÀÏ CP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß½À´Ï´Ù]
6. º´¸®ÇÐÀû ¿ÏÀüÀýÁ¦ ±âÁØ ¹× ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ´ëÃ¥ 1) Grossly complete resection (by the endoscopist): ½Ã¼úÀǻ簡 Á¾¾çÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº complete resectionÀ¸·Î ÆÇÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀÌ´Ù.
2) En-bloc resection (or complete reconstruction in piecemeal resection cases)
3) Well or moderately differentiated histology: ´Ù¸¥ Á¶°ÇÀº ¸ðµÎ complete resectionÀÌÁö¸¸ cell type¸¸ ¹®Á¦ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â °æ°ú°üÂûÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿¹µµ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã staff¿Í »óÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
4) Limited to the mucosal layer: muscularis mucosa (Á¡¸·Àº epithelial layer, lamina propria, muscularis mucosaÀÇ 3 ÃþÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù) ±îÁö ħÀ±µÈ °æ¿ì´Â Á¡¸·¾ÏÀÌ´Ù. 500 micrometer (=0.5 mm)ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Á¡¸·ÇÏÃþ ħÀ±(SM1À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù)¿¡¼´Â º¸Åë ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °æ°ú°üÂûÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 500 micrometer¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¿øÄ¢»ó ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 500 micrometer ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Ä§À±ÀÌ¶óµµ Á¾¾çÀÌ 2 cm ÀÌ»óÀ̰ųª ±Ë¾çÀÌ Àְųª ±âŸ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ö¼úÀ» ±ÇÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
5) Resection margin (-): Á¡¸·¾ÏÀÌ°í lateral marginÀÌ ÇÑ µÎ ¹æÇâ¿¡¼¸¸ ¾ç¼ºÀ̸é Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ESD ȤÀº ablationÀ» Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
6) No vascular invasion
7) No lymphatic invasion
[Âü°í¹®Çå]
1) Surgical outcome after incomplete ESD (»ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿øÀÇ °æÇè, Br J Surg 2011) - The incidence of residual tumour in the surgical specimen was 24¡¤6 per cent after incomplete ESD.
[Treatment outcome based on pretreatment diagnostic groups]
7-1. ÃâÇ÷
1) ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ ºóµµ¿Í ÃâÇ÷ ½Ã±â: EMR/ESD ÈÄ ÃâÇ÷Àº hematemesis³ª melena·Î ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ÃâÇ÷Àº ½Ã¼ú 3ÀÏ°±îÁö ÈçÇÏ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÃâÇ÷Àº ¸¹Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ ºóµµ´Â 3-10% Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. Â¥Àå¸é(¿¾³¯ Â¥À庸´Ù´Â °£Â¥Àå¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù)°ú °°Àº black tarry stool, °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î ½ÄÀº¶¡, Çö±âÁõ, palpitation µîÀÌ ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ Áõ»óÀ̶ó´Â Á¡À» ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹Ì¸® ±³À°Çصθé ÁÁ´Ù. EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ melena ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô º¯ »ö±òÀ» ¹¯°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ȯÀÚµéÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÒ¾È°¨À» °¡Áö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ º¯À» º¸Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ¾Æ¹« ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â Á¡À» »çÀü¿¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¸é ÁÁ´Ù.
2) ÃâÇ÷½Ã Ãʱ⠴ëÀÀ: ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸé, vital signÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, »ý¸®½Ä¿°¼ö¸¦ ÁÖ»çÇÏ¸é¼ Ç÷¾×°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Òȼº±Ë¾ç ÃâÇ÷¿¡ ÁØÇÏ¿© °í¿ë·® PPI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù (80mg loading ÈÄ ½Ã°£´ç 8 mg 3ÀÏ°£ continuous infusion). ÇÊ¿ä½Ã Ç÷¾×À» ÁغñÇÏ°í ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜµÇ¸é ¼öÇ÷ÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼öÇ÷Àº ÇÇÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼öÇ÷À» ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÁغñÇÑ ÇǸ¦ ¹ö¸®´Â ÆíÀÌ ³´´Ù.
3) ÀÀ±Þ³»½Ã°æ: ¾Æ¹«¸® ´ÊÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ´õ¶óµµ º´µ¿¿¡¼ È¥ÀÚ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ manageÇÏÁö ¸»°í Áï½Ã ´ã´ç ÀÓ»ó°»ç³ª staff¿¡°Ô º¸°íÇÑ´Ù. ÃâÇ÷¾çÀÌ ¸¹À¸¸é »¡¸® ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò·®ÀÇ melena¸¸ º¸ÀΠȯÀÚ´Â (1) Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø°í, (2) È°·ÂÁõÈÄ°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í, (3) hemoglobin °¨¼ÒÆøÀÌ 2 ÀÌÇÏ¸é ³»½Ã°æ ¾øÀÌ °í¿ë·® PPI¸¸ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¸é¼ °æ°ú°üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
4) Åð¿ø ÈÄ ÃâÇ÷: µå¹°°Ô Åð¿ø ÈÄ ÃâÇ÷ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÑ ºóµµ´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸ 300¸í¿¡ ÇѸíÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Hematemesis ȯÀÚ´Â ´ëºÎºÐ º´¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏÁö¸¸, melena ȯÀÚ´Â º´¿øÀ» ãÁö ¾Ê±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô melenaµµ ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ Áõ»óÀÓÀ» »çÀü¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
5) Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¿Í Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦: ³»½Ã°æ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç Àü¿¡´Â ¾Æ½ºÇǸ°À̳ª clopidogrelÀ» ²÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù (SMC guideline: °íÀ§ÇèȯÀÚÀÇ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç). ±×·¯³ª EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú Àü¿¡´Â 3-4ÀÏ Á¤µµ ¾àÁ¦¸¦ Áß´ÜÇÏ´Â ¿¹°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â aspirinÀ̳ª ±âŸ Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¸¦ ²÷Áö ¾Ê°í ½Ã¼úÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. (°ü·Ã EndoTODAY, °ü·Ã ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ³í¹®). EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é °¡±ÞÀû »¡¸® Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ½Ã¼ú ÀüÈÄ ¾Æ½ºÇǸ° ȤÀº Ŭ·ÎÇǵµ±×·¤ Áß´Ü ±â°£ÀÌ ÃÑ 7ÀÏÀ» ³ÑÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¸¦ ²÷´Â ±â°£ µ¿¾È CVA³ª AMI¿Í °°Àº ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è ÁúȯÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â Á¡°ú, Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ÃâÇ÷ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» »çÀü¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃâÇ÷À§ÇèÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ȸÇÇÇÏ¸é ¹Ý´ë±ÞºÎ·Î ÁßdzÀ̳ª ½É±Ù°æ»öÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁø´Ù. ÃâÇ÷·Î »ç¸ÁÇϴ ȯÀÚ´Â µå¹°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁßdzÀ̳ª ½É±Ù°æ»öÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚ°¡ »ç¸ÁÇÒ À§ÇèÀº ³ô´Ù.
6) Warfarin »ç¿ë ȯÀÚµéÀº Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦ »ç¿ë ȯÀÚº¸´Ù ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è À§ÇèÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀº °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. µû¶ó¼ individualizeÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. WarfarinÀ» ó¹æÇÑ ÀÇ·áÁø°ú »óÀÇ°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù (°ü·Ã EndoTODAY).
7-2. õ°ø
1) Sign of gastric perforation
2) õ°øÀÇ Á¾·ù: EMR/ESD¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ãµ°øÀº knife¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °íÀ¯±ÙÃþ(proper muscle layer)ÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¼Õ»ó ȤÀº snare¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °íÀ¯±ÙÃþÀÌ Æ÷ȹµÇ¾î º´º¯ºÎ¿Í ÇÔ²² Àý°³µÊÀ¸½á ¹ß»ýµÇ´Âµ¥, ±× ºóµµ´Â 0-5%·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. EMR/ESD¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ãµ°øÀº Å©°Ô µÎ °¡Áö·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø´Ù.
(1) Frank perforation: EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú µµÁß ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ perforating holeÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â °æ¿ì. °ú°Å¿¡´Â ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢À̾úÀ¸³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼ endoscopic clipÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Áï½Ã ³»½Ã°æÀû Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) Micro-perforation: EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú µµÁß ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ perforating holeÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ½Ã¼ú Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ½ÃÇàÇÑ chest X-ray¿¡¼ º¹°³» free air°¡ °üÂûµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼ ³»½Ã°æÀû Ä¡·á°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ±Ý½Ä ¹× IV Ç×»ýÁ¦·Î Ä¡·á°¡ µÈ´Ù (°ü·Ã SMC ³í¹®). °ú°Å¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø nasogastric tube´Â ÀÌÁ¦´Â »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. º¹°³» °ø±â°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹À¸¸é ¹Ù´Ã·Î Á¦°ÅÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù (EndoTODAY- º¹°°ø±â Á¦°Å¹æ¹ý).
3) õ°ø½Ã ´ëó¹æ¹ý: EMR/ESDÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¸é¼ frank perforationÀ̳ª microperforationÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ ¸ðµÎ °¨¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â frank perforationº¸´Ù microperforationÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ ´õ ³ô´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ frank perforationÀ̳ª microperforationÀÇ Ä¡·á¿øÄ¢Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú µ¿¾È frank perfoationÀÌ ÀÖ¾î clipÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ °æ¿ì³ª, chest X-ray¿¡¼ ¿ì¿¬È÷ pneumoperitoneumÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.
- ÀÓ»ó°»ç³ª staff¿¡°Ô Áï½Ã º¸°íÇÑ´Ù.
[Âü°í¹®Çå]
1) Management of complications during ESD (Àü¼º¿ì. Diagn Ther Endosc 2012)
2) Non-surgical management of microperforation (Á¤±Ô. Digest Liver Dis 2006)
1) Åð¿øÀº CP¿¡ µû¶ó ÁøÇàÇÑ´Ù. Åë»ó PPI¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÏ°í 2°³¿ù ÈÄ ÃßÀû³»½Ã°æÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù.
2) À§¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ °æ°ú°üÂû Áß ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ßÀ̳ª »õ·Î¿î À§¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¼úÀ» ¹Þ´Â ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ȯÀÚ¿Í º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë·Áµå·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù±îÁöÀÇ Åë°è¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±× È®·üÀ» 10% ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ´Ù.
3) À§¾Ï ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ´ëÀå¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀ²ÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Åð¿ø½Ã ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÇâÈÄ ´ëÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»çµµ ½ÃÇàÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ç´Â EMR/ESD 4ÁÖ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¹Ì·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù (Åð¿ø½Ã order¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ½).
4) EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ º´¼Ò°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ È£ÀüµÇ±â±îÁö´Â ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë·Áµå·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Åë»ó 1´Þ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Áö¿¬ÃâÇ÷Àº µå¹°Áö¸¸, Ç×Ç÷ÀüÁ¦³ª aspirinÀ» º¹¿ëÇϴ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ÃâÇ÷ÇÏ´Â ¿¹°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÃâÇ÷ÀÇ Áõ¼¼(Ç÷º¯, Èæ»öº¯, °©ÀÛ½º·± ¿ÀÇÑ°ú ±â¿î¾øÀ½ µî)¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë·Áµå¸®°í, ÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ÀǽɵǸé Áï½Ã °¡±î¿î º´¿øÀ» ¹æ¹®Çϵµ·Ï ÁöµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
1. ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£ ÃâÇ÷ À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¡·á·Î ÀÎÇÑ ±Ë¾çÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Ä¡À¯µÇ±â±îÁö 4-8ÁÖ°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃâÇ÷Àº ÇǸ¦ ÅäÇϰųª Ç÷º¯(ºÓÀº »öÀÇ Ç÷º¯À̳ª Â¥Àå¸éó·³ °ËÀº»öÀÇ Èæ»öº¯), ¾îÁö·¯¿òÁõ, °©ÀÛ½º·± ¶¡ µîÀÇ Áõ¼¼·Î ³ªÅ¸³³´Ï´Ù. º°´Ù¸¥ Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°¡ °©ÀÚ±â Ç÷¾ÐÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö´Â ¼îÅ©·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ 1-2 ÀÏ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÃâÇ÷ À§ÇèÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ 1 ´Þ ±îÁö´Â Áö¿¬ÃâÇ÷(delayed bleeding)ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¼º½ÅºÎÀüÀ̳ª °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚÀÎ °æ¿ì¿Í Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦³ª Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦¸¦ º¹¿ëÇϼ̴ø ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ ƯÈ÷ À§ÇèÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º´¿ø¿¡ ÀÔ¿øÇØ °è½Ã´Â µ¿¾È ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÃâÇ÷Àº ¾à¹°¿ä¹ý°ú ³»½Ã°æ ÁöÇ÷¼ú·Î Ä¡·áÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °£È¤ ¼ö¼úÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ¸Å¿ì µå¹® ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µå¹°°Ô Åð¿ø ÈÄ Áý¿¡¼ ÃâÇ÷ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À̶§´Â °¡Àå °¡±î¿î ÀÇ·á±â°ü¿¡¼ ÀÀ±ÞÁ¶Ä¡¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
2. ÃâÇ÷À» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ½Ã¼ú ´çÀÏ°ú ´ÙÀ½³¯Àº ±Ý½ÄÀ» ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã¼ú 2ÀÏ°¿¡´Â '¹ÌÀ½(¾Æħ) - Á×(Á¡½É°ú Àú³á)'ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ½ÄÀÌÁøÇàÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åð¿ø ÈÄ 2ÀÏ Á¤µµ Á×À» µå½Ã°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹äÀ» Àß ¾Ã¾î¼ µå½Ê½Ã¿ä. ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ ¸î °¡Áö À½½Ä(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸Å¿ì ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ¹ÝÂù µî) ¼·Ãë¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. ±×·¯³ª ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À½½ÄÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ÃâÇ÷Àº ¹«°üÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
3. ³»½Ã°æ Ä¡·á ÈÄ¿¡´Â Á¶±Ý ½Ì°Å¿î ±ÕÇüµÈ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
4. ¼úÀº 4ÁÖ°£ ±ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
5. ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ 4ÁÖ µ¿¾ÈÀº °¡±ÞÀû Àå°Å¸® ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. (ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 2ÁÖ µ¿¾È)
6. Åð¿ø ÈÄ °¡º¿î ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°Àº °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. »êÃ¥, °ñÇÁ¿¬½ÀÀå µî °¡º¿î ¿îµ¿Àº 2ÁÖ µ¿¾È ÇÇÇÏ°í, Å״Ͻº, ¼ö¿µ°ú °°Àº Èûµç ¿îµ¿Àº 4ÁÖ°£ ÇÇÇϽʽÿÀ.
7. Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦³ª Ç×Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÁ¦(¾Æ½ºÇǸ° µî)ÀÇ »ç¿ë½ÃÁ¡Àº ÀÇ·áÁø°ú »óÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. ¾à¹° Áß´Ü ±â°£ÀÌ °¡±ÞÀû 7ÀÏÀ» ³ÑÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
Lymphatic involvement°¡ ÀÖ¾î ¼ö¼úÀ» º¸³½ ¿¹
ESD ½Ã¼ú µµÁß pumping bleeding
ESD ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ ÀÔ¿ø±â°£ Áß bleeding
Warfarin »ç¿ëȯÀÚÀÇ ESD ½ÃÇà ¿¹. EGC (W/D) 12 mm, S/P MAP(ring 31mm), TAP (ring 33mm), Maze op
- severe abdominal pain during the EMR/ESD procedure
- prominent abdominal distension immediately after the procedure
- persistent pain after procedure
- free air on the chest X-ray after gastric EMR/ESD
Frank perforationÀ» Áï½Ã clipÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á
Microperforation. ¸çÄ¥°£ÀÇ ±Ý½Ä°ú Ç×»ýÁ¦ Áֻ縸À¸·Î peritoneal free air°¡ ÀúÀý·Î ¼Ò½ÇµÇ¾ú´Ù.
- Intravenous antibiotics, usually ceftriaxone + metronidazole. Åð¿ø½Ã¿¡´Â ciprofloxacinÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. Ç×»ýÁ¦ Åõ¿©±â°£ ÃÑ 10ÀÏÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. °¨¿°³»°ú¿¡¼´Â UnasynÀ» ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù (°ü·Ã EndoTODAY).
- Nasogastric tube´Â »ðÀÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
- NPO: Åë»ó EMR/ESD ½Ã¼ú 48-72½Ã°£±îÁö ±Ý½ÄÇÏ°í, Áõ»óÀÇ È£ÀüÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é SOWºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. õ°øÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø Åë»óÀûÀÎ EMR/ESD¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© 1ÀÏ ´Ê°Ô diet°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.
- ÅëÁõÀÇ Á¶Àý: ½Ã¼ú ´çÀÏÀ̳ª ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ ÅëÁõÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ¸é IV Demerol 1/2 ampuleÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. º¹°³»¿¡ free air°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹¾Æ¼ º¹ºÎ ºÒÆí°¨ÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡¼´Â º¹¼öõÀÚ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î º¹°³» free air¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù (EndoTODAY- º¹°°ø±â Á¦°Å¹æ¹ý).
- Ç÷¾×°Ë»ç: ½Ã¼ú ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ CBC¿¡¼´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ leukocytosis¸¦ º¸À̱⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1-2ÀÏ ÈÄ ´ëºÎºÐ Á¤»óȵȴÙ.
- ¹ß¿ÀÇ Á¶Àý: ½Ã¼ú ´çÀÏ È¤Àº ´ÙÀ½ ³¯±îÁö °æÇÑ ¹ß¿À» º¸À̱⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ëºÎºÐ È£ÀüµÈ´Ù.
Microperforation ÈÄ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ °æ°ú. ¾à°£ÀÇ leukocytosis¿Í ¹ß¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ À̳» ÁÁ¾ÆÁø´Ù. ÇÏ·ç ÀÌ»ó ÅëÁõ°ú ¹ß¿ÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ¸é ¼ö¼úÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1. Åð¿ø Á÷ÈÄ¿¡´Â °¡±ÞÀû ºÎµå·¯¿î ÇüÅÂÀÇ À½½ÄÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¼·ÃëÇϽʽÿÀ. (°¢ Á¾ Á×·ù, ½ºÇÁ·ù, ºÎµå·¯¿î »§·ù, Ä¡Áî, ¿¬µÎºÎ, °è¶õÂò·ù...)
2. Åð¿ø 2-3ÀÏ ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ½Ä»ç°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ µÇµµ·Ï 10¹ø ÀÌ»ó õõÈ÷ ²À²À ¾Ã¾î¼ ¼·ÃëÇϽʽÿÀ. ¸î ÁÖ°£ Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á×À» µå½Ç ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
3. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â À½½ÄÀº ¾øÀ¸¸ç, º»ÀÎÀÇ Ã¼ÁßÀ̳ª ¿¬·É¿¡ ¸Âµµ·Ï °ñ°í·ç ±ÕÇüµÈ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇϽʽÿÀ. ´ç´¢, °íÇ÷¾Ð, ½ÉÀå, ½ÅÀåÁúȯ ¹× °£Áúȯ°ú °°Àº µ¿¹Ý ÁúȯÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÐÀº °ü·ÃÁúȯ ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ýÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
4. °ÅÄ£ ä¼Ò³ª µüµüÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ À½½Ä¼·Ãë´Â ÁÖÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. (´õ´ö, µµ¶óÁö, Dz°íÃß, °í»ç¸®, ¸êÄ¡, °÷°¨...)
5. °úµµÇÏ°Ô ¸Ê°Å³ª § À½½ÄÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. (Á£°¥, ¯¾ÆÂî·ù, ¸Å¿î ±èÄ¡·ù...)
1) ESD¿¡ ´ëÇÑ PDF EndoTODAY ¸ðÀ½
2) Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Â¶óÀΠȯÀÚ¼³¸í¼ (beta version)
3) ÀÔ¿øȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô º¸¿©µå¸®´Â ¼³¸í ±×¸²
4) Government regulation on ESD - Indications of ESD in Korea (½ÉÆò¿ø ±âÁØ),
5) º¸°Çº¹ÁöºÎ °í½Ã 2011-129, 130, 132 °ü·Ã: ³»½Ã°æÀûÁ¡¸·ÇϹڸ®ÀýÁ¦¼ú(ESD) °í½Ã °³Á¤ °ü·Ã ÁúÀÇ ÀÀ´ä
6) Complications: perforation, microperforation, bleeding, rare complications
7) Interesting cases: Cancer after ESD for adenoma with LGD, Cancer after ESD for adenoma with HGD, ESD in LT patient
8) Others: Biopsy and aspirin in ESD candidate
9) [Review] Endoscopic resection for EGC beyond absolute indication with emphasis on controversial issues
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