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Parasite | Esophagus | Stomach | Cancer | ESD
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[Thursday Endoscopy Conference 20170216]
1. EGJ cancer (Barrett's adenocarcinoma)
Tongue-like projectionÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â short segment Barrett esophagus·Î ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ°í Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÇ¿ÜÀÇ °á°ú(adenoma with HGD, suspicious carcinomatous transformation)°¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÇ·ÚµÈ ºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ESD°¡ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú°í ´ÙÇེ·´°Ô º´¸®ÇÐÀû complete resection °á°ú¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Îº´ÈÆ ±³¼ö´Ô. ¼ö°í ¸¹À¸¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.
Adenocarcinoma, well differentiated, arising from Barrett esophagus with high grade dysplasia ;
1. Location : gastroesophageal junction
2. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter,9 mm (2) vertical diameter, 6 mm
3. Depth of invasion : invades mucosa (muscularis mucosa) (pT1a)
4. Resection margin : free from carcinoma(N), safety margin : distal 16 mm, proximal 3 mm, anterior 6 mm, posterior 14 mm
5. Lymphatic invasion : not identified(N)
6. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
7. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
Stomach, subtotal gastrectomy:
Advanced gastric carcinoma
1. Location : lower third, Center at body and greater curvature
2. Gross type : Borrmann type 3
3. Histologic type : tubular adenocarcinoma, poorly (poorly cohesive) differentiated
4. Histologic type by Lauren : diffuse
5. Size : 3.7x1.4 cm
6. Depth of invasion : invades muscularis propria (pT2)
7. Resection margin: free from carcinoma, safety margin: proximal 2.3 cm, distal 9.4 cm
8. Lymph node metastasis : metastasis to 1 out of 37 regional lymph nodes (pN1), (perinodal extension: present) (1/37: "3", 1/11; "4", 0/11; "5", 0/0; "6", 0/0; "7", 0/4; "9", 0/0; "8a", 0/3; "11p", 0/2; "12a", 0/5; "4sb", 0/0; "1", 0/1)
9. Lymphatic invasion : not identified
10. Venous invasion : not identified
11. Perineural invasion : present
12. AJCC stage by 7th edition: pT2 N1
Á¶±âÀ§¾ÏÀÇ Ä§À± ±íÀÌ (½É´Þµµ, depth of invasion) Æò°¡ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò Áß Çϳª´Â fold º¯ÈÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Fold´Â À§³»¿¡ °ø±â¸¦ ¾î´À Á¤µµ »°À» ¶§ Àß °üÂûµË´Ï´Ù. °ø±â¸¦ ¾à°£¾¿ ³Ö°í »©¸é¼ º´¼Ò ÁÖº¯ Á¡¸·ÀÇ º¯È¸¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô °üÂûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
Á¶±âÀ§¾Ï fold¿¡ ´ëÇÑ (°£´ÜÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¸® Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº) ´ë¿øÄ¢Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. Á¡¸·¾Ï¿¡¼´Â abrupt cutting, rapid tapering (= rat-tailing, Áã ²¿¸®Ã³·³ »ý°å´Ù´Â ÀǹÌ), Á¡¸·ÇϾϿ¡¼´Â fusion, clubbingÀÌ, °íÀ¯±Ù¾Ï(PM cancer)¿¡¼´Â dam-formationÀÌ °üÂûµË´Ï´Ù. Fold º¯È´Â À§¾Ï ħÀ± ±íÀÌ ¿¹ÃøÀÇ Áß½ÉÀÌÁö¸¸ fold¿¡ µû¸¥ ħÀ± ±íÀÌ Áø´ÜÀÌ ²À ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ħÀ± ±íÀÌ ¿¹ÃøÀº ¿¹¼úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. EGC·Î ÃßÁ¤Çߴµ¥ AGC·Î ³ª¿À´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¾à 5-10%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. AGC·Î ÃßÁ¤Çߴµ¥ EGC·Î ³ª¿À´Â °æ¿ìµµ ¾à 5-10%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (´ëÇѼÒȱ⳻½Ã°æÇÐȸÁö 2007;35:297-303)
À̹ø Áõ·Ê´Â (1) ÇÔ¸ôºÎ°¡ ºñ±³Àû ±í°í, (2) fold fusion ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ¿©·µ °üÂûµÇ°í, (3) Á¶Á÷ÇüÀÌ signet ring cell carcinomaÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´«À¸·Î º¸±âº¸´Ù ´Ù¼Ò ±íÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¿©Áö°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´ø °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼ EGC III (r/o submucosal cancer)¶ó´Â impressionÀ» ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾øÁö¸¸... ¾à°£ ±í´Ù°í ³ª¿ÔÁö¸¸ ³î¶ö ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
* Âü°í 1: [2013-4-17 ´ëÇѼÒȱ⳻½Ã°æÇÐȸ ±³À°ÀÚ·á] À§¾ÏÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ Áø´Ü ºÐ·ù ü°è
* Âü°í 2: Survey on endoscopic classification of EGC (EndoTODAY 2013-5-23)
* Âü°í 3: EndoTODAY À§¾Ï ħÀ± ±íÀÌ Áø´Ü
3. Local recurrence after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
À§¾ÏÀ¸·Î ¼ö¼úÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ±¹¼Ò Àç¹ßÀ» º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ´ç½ÃºÎÅÍ º´±â°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ô¾Ò°í T colon °áÀý¿¡¼µµ metastatic adenocarcinoma±îÁö ³ª¿Ô´ø »óȲÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
Stomach, total gastrectomy:
Advanced gastric carcinoma
1. Location : [2] upper third, [1] middle third, Center at body and anterior wall
2. Gross type : Borrmann type 3
3. Histologic type : signet-ring cell carcinoma
4. Histologic type by Lauren : diffuse
5. Size : 8x8 cm
6. Depth of invasion : invades serosa (pT4a)
7. Resection margin: free from carcinoma, safety margin: proximal 1.5 cm, distal 4.5 cm
8. Lymph node metastasis : metastasis to 40 out of 82 regional lymph nodes (pN3b) (perinodal extension: present) (40/82: "1", 0/2; "2", 8/10; "3", 19/25; "4", 7/17; "4sb", 0/0; "5", 1/1; "6", 0/8; "7", 0/2; "8a", 0/1; "9", 1/3; "11p", 1/5; "12a", 0/2; perigastric, 3/6)
9. Lymphatic invasion : present
10. Venous invasion : not identified
11. Perineural invasion : present
12. Associated findings : ulceration
13. Peritoneal cytology : negative
14. AJCC stage by 7th edition: T4a N3b
À§¾Ï ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ¹®ÇպΠÇùÂøÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ total gastrectomy ÈÄ ½Äµµ¿Í ¼ÒÀåÀÇ ¿¬°áºÎ°¡ membraneousÇÏ°Ô Á¼¾ÆÁö´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÙ¾úÁö¸¸ 2005³â¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿øÀÇ ÀÚ·á(Lee SY. EJSO 2005)¸¦ º¸¸é total gastrectomyÈÄ 8-9% ÀüÈÄ¿¡¼ stricture°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
¼ö¼úÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹Ì¸® obstruction Áõ»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °£È¤ obstruction Áõ»óÀ» ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ´ç¿¬È÷ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¯È·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© ¸î ´ÞÀ̳ª Âü°í Áö³»´Â ȯÀÚµéÀ» ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Anastomosis siteÀÇ benign postoperative stricture°¡ ÈçÇÏÁö¸¸ µå¹°°Ô local recurrenceµµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Benign stricture´Â ¼ö¼ú Á÷ÈĺÎÅÍ ¼ö°³¿ù À̳»¿¡ È£¹ßÇÏ°í 1³â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â µå¹´´Ï´Ù. ¹Ý¸é À§¾ÏÀÇ local recurrence¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ stricture´Â À§¾Ï ¼ö¼ú ¹Ý³â °æºÎÅÍ 2-3³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÏÂï ¹ß°ßµÇ¸é benign, ´Ê°Ô ¹ß°ßµÇ¸é malignancy¶ó´Â °æÇâÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¹®ÇպΠÁÖÀ§ÀÇ Àç¹ßÀº ¹®ÇպΠ¼Ò¸¸Ãø¿¡ ¸¹À¸¸ç, ¹®ÇպΠÁÖÀ§ Á¡¸·ÀÇ °áÀý»ó À¶±â³ª Á¡¸· ºñÈÄ·Î ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¹®ÇÕ ºÎÀ§ÀÇ ºÎÁ¾°ú ¹ßÀû, ÀÜÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ºÀÇÕ»ç ÁÖº¯À¸·Î ¿°Áõ ¹× ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ±Ë¾ç µîÀº ÀÜÀ§¾Ï ¶Ç´Â ¾ÏÀÇ Àç¹ß°ú È¥µ·µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼È÷ °üÂûµÇ°í Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌ»óÇϸé Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡´Â ¼ö³â Àü »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿øÀÇ ³í¹®(Lee SY. EJSO 2005)¿¡ ½Ç·È´ø Àç¹ß¿¹µéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Benign post-op stricture´Â ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ 4-8°³¿ù¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 1³â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÇùÂøÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ßÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ total gastrectomyÈÄ anastomosis site stenosis·Î ³»¿øÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú È®ÀÎÇÒ °ÍÀº ¼ö¼ú ½ÃÁ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¼úÇÑÁö 1³â ÀÌ»ó °æ°úÇÏ¿´À¸¸é ´ëºÎºÐ local recurÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ¼ö¼ú ´ç½Ã º´±â°¡ ³ô¾Ò´Ù¸é °ÅÀÇ Æ²¸²¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ªÀº ¼º¸³ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. 1³â ¹Ì¸¸À̶ó°í ¸ðµÎ benign post-op stenosisÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Á¶±ÝÀ̶ó°í Àǽɽº·¯¿ì¸é ¹Ù·Î dilatationÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
³»½Ã°æ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¿¡¼ adenoma with HGD and suspicious carcinomatous transformationÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í papillectomy¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´À¸³ª non-lifting signÀ» º¸¿© PPPD ¼ö¼úÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
Ampullary Carcinoma arising from IAPN
(1) Histologic type: Adenocarcinoma
(2) Histologic Grade: G2 (moderately differentiated)
(3) Precursor lesion: Adenoma
(4) Invasive tumor size: greatest dimension (0.5cm) (S/N)
(5) T1b Tumor invades into perisphincteric and duodenal submucosa
(6) N0: No regional lymph node metastasis (0/13: LN8, 0/5; LN12, 0/3; periductal, 0/5)
(7) cM0: Clinically No distant metastasis
(8) Involvement of portal vein: absent
(9) Margin status; Bile duct margin : negative; Retroperitoneal margin: negative; Duodenal margin: negative (safety margin: 4cm)
(10) Perineural and neural invasion: absent
(11) Lymphovascular invasion: not identified
* Âü°í: EndoTODAY À¯µÎºÎ Á¾¾ç
6. ESD for esophageal cancer after EVL in LC patient
°£°æº¯, ½ÄµµÁ¤¸Æ·ù ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ Á¤¸Æ·ù¿¡ ¿¬ÇØ ½Äµµ¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú°í EVL·Î Á¤¸Æ·ù Ä¡·á ÈÄ ½Äµµ¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ESD°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Î¾ç¿ø ±³¼ö´Ô. ¼ö°í ¸¹À¸¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.
Esophagus, endoscopic submucosal dissection:
Squamous cell carcinoma, moderately differentiated
1. Location : 25cm from incisor
2. Size of carcinoma : (1) longest diameter, 32 mm (2) vertical diameter, 31 mm
3. Depth of invasion : invades mucosa (muscularis mucosa) (pT1a)
4. Resection margin : free from carcinoma(N), safety margin : distal 3 mm, proximal 2 mm, anterior 6 mm, posterior 4 mm
5. Lymphatic invasion : not identified(N)
6. Venous invasion : not identified(N)
7. Perineural invasion : not identified(N)
8. Peritumoral lymphoid follicle: not identified(N)
1) SMC Endoscopy Unit »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ³»½Ã°æ½Ç
2) SMC Monday GI conference »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¿ù¿äÁ¡½É¼ÒȱâÁý´ãȸ
3) SMC Thursday endoscopy conference »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¸ñ¿äÁ¡½É³»½Ã°æÁý´ãȸ
© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.