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[°íÀ§ÇèȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ. Endoscopy in high risk patients]

2021-7-17. SK ³»½Ã°æ ¼¼¹Ì³ª ½Ã¸®Áî (ÇѸ²´ëÇб³ ¼º°á)

1. ÀӽŰú ³»½Ã°æ, ¾à¹°Ä¡·á Pregnancy

2. °í·É Elderly patient

3. õ½Ä Asthma

4. ³»½Ã°æ ÁøÁ¤°ú º¸È£ÀÚ - º¸È£ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ´Â ÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æÀÌ Àý´ë ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

5. °¨¿° - HIV, Covid ¹é½Å°ú ³»½Ã°æ

6. ½ÉÇ÷°ü - °íÇ÷¾Ð hypertension, Àΰø½É¹Úµ¿±â¿Í ºÎÁ¤¸Æ. Pacemaker/ICD, arrhthymia, AMI

7. °£Áúȯ - °£ÀÌ½Ä liver transplantation

8. ´ç´¢º´ Diabetes mellitus

9. Thrombocytopenia

10. AlgironÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ȯÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©

11. Adrenal mass ȯÀÚÀÇ MAC ¸¶Ãë ȤÀº Àü½Å ¸¶Ãë

12. Medication - Lidocaine

13. Cases

14. FAQ

15. References


1. ÀӽŰú ³»½Ã°æ, ¾à¹° Ä¡·á

³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â »ê¸ð¿Í žƿ¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÚ·á Á¦°ø: ±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô

ÀÚ·á Á¦°ø: ±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô

ÀӽŠ¶§¿¡µµ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸé ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ indicationÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀӽŠ14ÁÖ. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma·Î Áø´ÜµÇ¾î therapeutic abortion ÈÄ Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·á

³»½Ã°æ °ü·Ã ¾à¹°ÀÇ FDA µî±ÞÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Meperidine aloneÀÌ °¡Àå ¹«³­ÇÏÁö¸¸ low dose midazolamµµ °¡´ÉÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

Cotton and William's Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (7ÆÇ, 29ÂÊ)¿¡´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

"Pregnancy and lactation: Although this area has not been extensively studied, meperidine alone is preferred for procedural sedation during pregnancy. Midazolam, although listed as caterogy D by the US FDA, can be used in small doses in combination with meperidine. If deep sedation is required it should performed by an anesthesiologist. Concentrations of sedatives and analgesics vary in breast milk after procedureal administration. In general, breast-feeding may be continued after fentanyl administration, which is perferred over meperidine during lactation. Infants should not be breast-fed for at least 4 hours following maternal administration of midazolam."

2017³â 2¿ùÈ£ Gastroenterology¿¡ ÀӽŰú ³»½Ã°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ registry °á°ú°¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °á·ÐÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù (Ludvigsson JF. Gastroenterology 2017).

"In a nationwide population-based cohort study, we found endoscopy during pregnancy to be associated with increased risk of preterm birth or small for gestational age, but not of congenital malformation or stillbirth. However, these risks are small and likely due to intrafamilial factors or disease activity.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are rare in women undergoing endoscopy during pregnancy. Potential excess risks, if any, seem minimal and should be weighed against the need for timely investigation and treatment of women where an underlying GI disease may be a more severe threat to pregnancy outcome than the endoscopy."

ÀӽŠ½Ã ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ electrocauterizationÀ» ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÚ·á Á¦°ø: ±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô

ÀӽŠ½Ã ³»½Ã°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »êºÎÀΰú ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀº ¾Æ·¡¸¦ Âü°íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­ ÀӽŠ½Ã ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÇ ÁÖÀÇÁ¡À» Àß ¿ä¾àÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.

ÀÚ·á Á¦°ø: ±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô


[ÀӽŰú ¼ÒÈ­±â¾à¹° (2020-11-7. ±¤ÁÖÀü³²°³¿ø³»°úÀÇ»çȸ Ãß°èÇмú´ëȸ ÀÎÁ¦ÀÇ´ë ÇÑÁ¤¿­ ±³¼ö]


[2017-6-6. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

÷ºÎµÈ »êºÎÀΰú ±³¼ö´Ô ³í¹®°ú Cotton and William's Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (7ÆÇ, 29ÂÊ) ¾ð±ÞÀ» º¸¸é, ÀÓ»êºÎ ¼ö¸é ³»½Ã°æ½Ã meperidine (= Pethidine = Demerol) aloneÀÌ ¼±È£µÇ°í ÀÌ·Î ºÎÁ·Çϸé midazolamÀ» ¾à°£ ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù Á¤µµ·Î ÀÌÇص˴ϴÙ. ÇÑ°¡Áö¸¦ ½á¾ßÇÑ´Ù¸é midazolam ´Üµ¶ º¸´Ù´Â meperidine ´Üµ¶ÀÌ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê³ª Àǹ®ÀÌ µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ÀÓ»êºÎ°¡ ¼ö¸é³»½Ã°æ ¹Þ±æ ¿øÇؼ­ meperidine ´Üµ¶À» ÃßõÇß°í, ȯÀÚ°¡ À̸¶Àúµµ °ÆÁ¤Çؼ­ ºñ¼ö¸éÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàÇϱä Çß¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

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±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. Meperidine (= Pethidine = Demerol) aloneÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù°í µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ meperidine aloneÀº ¼ÒÀ§ ÁøÁ¤³»½Ã°æÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é midazolam°ú propofol Áß ¾î´Â °ÍÀ» ¾µ °ÍÀÎÁö°¡ °í¹ÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. MidazoamÀº FDA DÀÌ°í propofolÀº FDA BÀä, propofolÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ¸¶Ãë°ú ÀÇ»ç ÀÔȸ ÇÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© midazolamÀ» ±ÇÇß´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼±»ý´Ô ¸»¾¸À» µè°í º¸´Ï pethidine 25 mg Á¤µµ Åõ¿©ÇÑ ÈÄ midazolamÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© conscious sedationÀ¸·Î °Ë»çÇÏ¸é °¡Àå ÁÁÀ» °Í °°±â´Â Çϳ׿ä. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[2015-8-4 web-seminar Áú¹®]

ÀӽŽà ±Ë¾çÀº ¾î¶»°Ô Ä¡·áÇմϱî?

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Á¦°¡ »êºÎÀΰú Àǻ簡 ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î °æÇèÀº ¾øÁö¸¸ ¹®Çå¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé H2RA³ª PPI´Â ºñ±³Àû ¾ÈÀüÇÑ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡±ÞÀû ¾àÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª ´ÊÃß´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶³±î¿ä? »ç½Ç ÀӽŠ½Ã À§½Äµµ¿ª·ùÁúȯ¿¡¼­µµ step up Ä¡·á¸¦ ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. H2RA³ª PPI¸¦ °¡±ÞÀû ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â ½ÃµµÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á´Â ÀӽŠÀÌÈÄ·Î ´ÊÃß¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. MisoprostolÀº Àý´ë ±Ý±âÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¸î °³ÀÇ Âü°íÀڷḦ ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ù¹ø°´Â ¼ÒÈ­±â³»°úÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀÌ°í µÎ¹ø°´Â »êºÎÀΰúÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸... »êºÎÀΰúÂÊ ÀÇ°ßÀ» Âü°íÇÏ´Â ÆíÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð °¢ ȯÀÚ »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÏ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù¸¸...

Âü°íÀÚ·á 1: The safety of drugs used in acid-related disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010

Omeprazole is listed by the FDA as a pregnancy class C medication, whereas all other currently available PPIs are class B, which still denotes a possible serious risk to the fetus. Gill and colleagues recently published a systematic review evaluating the risk of PPI use in pregnancy. Among 1530 PPI-exposed subjects compared with 133,410 controls, they found no association between major fetal malformations, spontaneous abortions, or pre-term delivery. This lack of association was also apparent when omeprazole alone was investigated.

However, there is some suggestion that acid suppression alone may have an adverse affect on an exposed fetus. In a recent, large, case-control study investigating children with asthma, Dehlink and colleagues found a relationship between maternal gastric acid suppression with a PPI or H 2 RA and the development of childhood asthma (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.29-1.59). The postulated mechanism, based on animal model data, is that acid suppression increases type 2 helper cell bias in their offspring, thus predisposing to increased atopy. Based on these data, the immediate fetal developmental risk of PPIs may be negligible. However, possible risks to the fetus that may only become manifest in childhood require further study.

H2RAs are commonly used in pregnancy to control reflux symptoms and seem to have no adverse effects on the fetus. Magee and colleagues investigated H2RA use among 178 women and matched controls in the first trimester of pregnancy and found no difference in adverse fetal outcomes. Ruigomez and colleagues analyzed a large population-based cohort of pregnant women who were exposed to cimetidine or ranitidine (or omeprazole) during the first trimester and found no increase in nongenetic congenital malformations with exposure to any of these medicines.


Âü°íÀÚ·á 2: Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and PracticeÀÇ ÀӽŠÁß ¼ÒÈ­¼º±Ë¾ç Ä¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

Management begins with empiric treatment. Because PUD and GERD therapies are similar, a stepwise scheme should be followed before considering EGD. Dietary and lifestyle alterations include avoidance of fat-laden foods, acidic drinks, caffeine, chocolate, NSAIDs, and alcohol. Smoking, stress, anxiety, and nighttime snacks should also be avoided.

Antacids should be used as first-line medical therapy because they have been effective in approximately 75% of duodenal ulcers. Dosages range from 15 to 30?mL, taken 1 hour after meals and at bedtime. Extra doses may be taken 3 hours after meals. Aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids have little systemic absorption and appear to be safe in pregnancy. Sucralfate, an aluminum-based polysaccharide complex, attaches to the surface of an ulcer, protecting the mucosa from further injury, and it may suppress H. pylori infection. Seventy-five percent of duodenal ulcers heal with 4 weeks of sucralfate therapy. Because of its minimal systemic absorption, it is a preferred drug for treating PUD in pregnancy.

H2-receptor antagonists are an effective treatment for PUD; about 80% of duodenal ulcers heal with this therapy in the general population. Before the discovery of H. pylori and the introduction of proton pump inhibitors, H 2 blockers were the mainstay of treatment. Their safety profile in pregnancy has not been adequately demonstrated. H 2 -receptor antagonists cross the placenta, but their use is justifiable if significant clinical conditions warrant. Cimetidine and ranitidine have had considerable use over the past 20 years. In animal studies, cimetidine has caused a reduction in the size of fetal testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles, presumably by means of a weak antiandrogenic effect. Ranitidine has no such effects in animals, and neither drug has had reports of genital malformations in humans. More than 2000 pregnancies in database studies with exposure to cimetidine or ranitidine have been assessed, and there has not been an associated risk for congenital malformations. There is less information reported for famotidine and nizatidine. Because of conflicting animal data for nizatidine, it is preferable to use the more extensively studied H 2 -receptor antagonists as first-line agents.

Proton pump inhibitors suppress gastric acid secretion at the level of the H + ,K + -ATPase on the parietal cell surface. These agents are highly effective in the treatment of esophagitis and gastroduodenal ulcers, and they are often used in combination therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection. In the nonpregnant population, proton pump inhibitors are usually the initial treatment for suspected or documented reflux esophagitis and PUD. H 2 -receptor antagonists, sucralfate, and antacids are used as secondary medications and for symptomatic relief. During pregnancy, therapy should be modified to avoid fetal harm and also because PUD usually improves during gestation. EGD is usually avoided unless the patient is failing empiric therapy with H 2 -receptor antagonists. There appears to be little benefit in diagnosing H. pylori infection during pregnancy, because treatment involves triple-drug therapy, including antibiotics, and it is usually deferred until after delivery.


Âü°íÀÚ·á 3: Medscape¿¡´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²¿© ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

H2-receptor antagonists (eg, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine) are the first choices of treatment for peptic ulcer disease. Treatment for Helicobacter pylori gastritis should be initiated after the pregnancy and breastfeeding periods are complete, because some of the recommended medications are relatively contraindicated in pregnancy. Lansoprazole has been reported to be safe in pregnancy.


2. °í·É

[2021-3-28. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®] ÃÊ°í·É ȯÀÚÀÇ À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç

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¿ì¼± ¿ë¾îºÎÅÍ Á¤¸®ÇսôÙ. ÇÐȸÀÇ °ø½Ä ÃßõÀº "ÁøÁ¤³»½Ã°æ"ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â conscious sedationÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¸éÀÌ µÇ¸é ¹ú½á ¾à°£ °úÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¿ì¸® ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ "Ç« Àáµç »óÅ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ÆíÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ"À¸·Î Àß ¸ø ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Âü °íÄ¡±â ¾î·Á¿î ¼÷Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤Á¦¸¦ Àû·®º¸´Ù ¸¹ÀÌ Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© Àα⸦ ²ø·Á´Â ÀÇ·áÁøµµ ¹®Á¦À̱¸¿ä...

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°í·É¿¡¼­ Á¦°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (1) ȯÀÚ¿Í º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹Ì¸® ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °í·ÉÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾àÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ »ç¿ëÇϸé À§ÇèÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ¾àÀ» Àû°Ô ¾²°Ú´Ù°í ¹Ì¸® ¼³¸íÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿ä. ±í°Ô ÀáµéÁö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµ·Î °¡º±°Ô »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ì¸® ¼³¸íÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. (2) °í·É¿¡¼­´Â ¾àÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±Ý¾¿ Åõ¿©ÇϽʽÿÀ. º¸Åë midazolamÀ» 1-1.5 mg ÁÖ°í 2ºÐ Á¤µµ ±â´Ù·È´Ù°¡ 0.5 - 1 mgÀ» Ãß°¡ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. °ÇÁøÀ̳ª °³¾÷°¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»¾¸ÇÏÁö ¸»±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ±âº» ¾ÈÀüÀº °³¾÷°¡¿Í ´ëÇк´¿øÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Áöų °ÍÀº ¾îµð¼­³ª ÁöÄÑ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


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¾ó¸¶Àü ÀþÀº õ½ÄȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å·Â»ó ³»¿ø 3ÀÏÀü ÇÑÂ÷·Ê ÈíÀԱ⸦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÀÌÈķδ Á־߰£ Áõ»óµµ ¾ø¾ú°í ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç ´çÀÏ¿¡µµ Áõ»ó ¹× ÀÌÇÐÀû °Ë»ç»ó ƯÀÌ¼Ò°ß ¾ø¾ú´ø ȯÀÚ·Î propofolÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ÁøÁ¤ÇÏ »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü ³»½Ã°æÈÄ È£Èí°ï¶õ ¹× ¾çÆó¾ß¿¡ expiratory wheezing ¼Ò°ßÀÌ Ã»ÁøµÇ¾î acute exacerbation of BA ÀǽɵǾî epinephrine°ú steroid ¹× bronchodilator µî ÀÀ±ÞÁ¶Ä¡ ÈÄ Áõ»ó È£Àü ¹× °æ°ú °üÂû ÈÄ¿¡ Åð¿øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÎÈĺΠ±¹¼Ò ¸¶Ã븦 À§ÇÑ lidocaine spray ¿Í bronchoconstrictionÀÌ ¿¬°üÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çϳª ÀÌÀü±îÁö ½ÃÇàÇß´ø °üÇØ»óÅÂÀÇ Ãµ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­´Â ±â°üÁö ¼öÃà ¼Ò°ßÀ» °æÇèÇÑ ÀûÀÌ Àü¹«ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ propofolÀÇ brochospasm°úÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºµµ ¹®Àǵ帳´Ï´Ù.

[2015-12-5. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

õ½ÄȯÀÚÀÇ bronchospasm ¿øÀÎÀº ´Ù¾çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (1) ÄáÀ̳ª ´Þ°¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ë·¯Áö°¡ Àִ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·ÎÆ÷ÆúÀº ½ÉÇÑ ¾Ë·¯Áö¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °æÇÑ Áõ»óºÎÅÍ ½ÉÇÑ anaphylaxis±îÁö °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (2) Lidocaine spray¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ bronchospasmµµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ºóµµ´Â ¸Å¿ì ³·½À´Ï´Ù. (3) õ½ÄÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­µµ °¡´ÉÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â È£Èí±â Áõ»ó¸¸ ÀÖ¾ú°í Ÿ Àå±â µ¿¹ÝÁúȯÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ õ½ÄÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­¶ó°í º¸´Â ÆíÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù (¾Æ·¡ ¾Ë·¹¸£±â ³»°ú ±³¼ö´Ô ÀÇ°ß ÂüÁ¶).

Laryngospasm is a reflex closure or spasm of the glottic muscles, including the false and true vocal cords. It is more likely to occur during deep sedation. Laryngospasm occurs more frequently in adults who are smokers. Bronchospasm is a lower airway obstruction due to contraction or spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle. It may be a result of an anaphylactoid reaction or a consequence of a hyper-reactive airway in asthmatic patients. (Amornyotin. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013)

õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ À§³»½Ã°æº¸´Ù °ÆÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±â°üÁö³»½Ã°æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 2001³â British Thoracic Society ±â°üÁö³»½Ã°æ °¡À̵å¶óÀο¡¼­ ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

Patients with asthma

Generally, bronchospasm complicating fibreoptic bronchoscopy is rare (0.02% in one series). However, another study of 216 asthmatic subjects reported that 8% developed laryngospasm or bronchospasm during the procedure. Lidocaine may produce bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma and this is attenuated by preoperative treatment with atropine. A more pronounced postoperative fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) compared with normal subjects was found in patients with mild asthma during bronchoscopy, and this fall in FEV1 was inversely correlated with the preoperative concentration of methacholine provoking a fall in FEV1 of 20% or more (PC20). Sedation should therefore be used with particular care in asthmaticpatients because of the risk that the bronchoscopic procedure may exacerbate bronchoconstriction.

Another study showed no difference in the degree of intraoperative fall in SaO2 between normal subjects and asthmatic patients (with a spectrum of severity) but the falls in both FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) were greater in the asthmatic patients after a sequence of bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies. The preoperative use of a bronchodilator was associated with no fall in the postoperative FEV1 in a study of patients with mild asthma in whom bronchoalveolar lavage was performed.

Recommendation: Asthmatic subjects should be premedicated with a bronchodilator before bronchoscopy.

2003³â ´ëÇѼÒÈ­±â³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ ¼¼¹Ì³ª À¯Á¾¼± ±³¼ö´Ô °­ÀÇ·Ï¿¡¼­ ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

´ëºÎºÐÀÇ º¸°í¿¡¼­ ÁߵÀÇ ¸¸¼ºÆó¼â¼ºÆóÁúȯÀÌ À־ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í º¸°í µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¼ºÆó¼â¼ºÆóÁúȯº¸´Ùµµ õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ±â°üÁö°ú¹Î¹ÝÀÀ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡ À־ »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ̳ª ÇÕº´Áõ¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸°í´Â Á¢ Çϱ⠾î·Æ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ±â°üÁö³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸°í¿¡¼­ °Ë»ç Àü ȯÀÚÀÇ »óŸ¦ Á¤È®È÷ Æò°¡ÇÏ°í, ±â°üÁöÈ®ÀåÁ¦¸¦ ÈíÀÔ½ÃÅ°¸ç »ê¼Ò¸¦ Åõ¿© ÇÏ°í, »ê¼ÒÆ÷È­µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϸ鼭 Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ½ÃÇàÇÑ´Ù¸é Å« ÇÕº´Áõ ¾øÀÌ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ¾î, »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡µµ ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀǸ¸ ±â¿ïÀÎ´Ù¸é ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»½Ã°æÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ FEV1, FVC µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÁØÀº ¾ø°í FEV1ÀÌ 0.64 LÀÇ ÁßÁõ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­µµ ÇÕº´Áõ ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù°í º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¶°µµ´Â ³»½Ã°æ ȯÀÚ ¼³¸í¼­ ÀϺθ¦ ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

Question: What if I use inhalers for Asthma or other breathing problems?

Answer; Please use your inhalers as you would normally use them. Also, please be sure and bring all of your inhalers to your procedure, as you may be asked to use them just prior to your exam. (¸µÅ©)

õ½ÄÀ» Àü°øÇÏ´Â ¾Ë·¹¸£±â ³»°ú ±³¼ö´Ô²² ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÞÀº ´äº¯ ¿ä¾àÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

õ½ÄȯÀÚÀÇ ±â°üÁö³»½Ã°æÀº ´Ù¼Ò À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ À§³»½Ã°æÀº ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. Áõ»óÀÌ Àß Á¶ÀýµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â ´ëºÎºÐ Å« ¹«¸®°¡ ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ È£Èí°ï¶õÀ̳ª wheezingÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­´Â À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ¹Ì·ç½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â È£Èí±â Áõ»ó¸¸ ÀÖ¾ú°í Ÿ Àå±â µ¿¹ÝÁúȯÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ õ½ÄÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­¶ó°í º¸´Â ÆíÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Anaphylaxis³ª lidocaine¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. õ½ÄȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç Àü bronchodilator inhaler¸¦ routine ÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

È£Èí±â³»°ú¸¦ Àü°øÇÏ´Â ³»°ú °³¾÷ÀÇ ¼±»ý´Ô²² ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÞÀº ´äº¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Áú¹®ÇØ ¿Â ȯÀÚ´Â À쫆 ̵½ÄÀÇ ±Þ¼º ¾ÇÈ­·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯·Î´Â Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´ø ȯÀÚ°¡ °©ÀÚ±â È£Èí°ï¶õÀ» È£¼ÒÇÏ°í ¾çÆó¾ß¿¡¼­ expiratory wheezingÀÌ µé¸°´Ù¸é õ½ÄÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ìÀÇ Ãµ½Ä¹ßÀÛÀº ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ spray ¸¸À¸·Îµµ À¯¹ß µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ »ç¿ë ¶§¹®ÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö.

Åë»ó õ½ÄÀ» ¾ÇÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â (1) ¿ÂµµÀÇ º¯È­, (2) °¨Á¤ÀÇ º¯È­, (3) ¿îµ¿, (4) ¾àÁ¦, (5) »ó±âµµ °¨¿° µîÀ» µé ¼ö Àִµ¥, ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì ½½Ç µå¶ó¸¶¸¦ º¸¸é¼­ ¿ï´Ù°¡ wheezing °ú È£Èí°ï¶õÀÌ »ý°Ü ÀÀ±Þ½ÇÀ» ¹æ¹®Çϴ õ½ÄȯÀÚµµ ÀÖ´Ü´Ù. Ç÷¾ÐÀÌ Àß À¯ÁöµÇ´Âµ¥ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ È£Èí°ï¶õ°ú wheezing ¸¸ ÀÖ´Ù¸é º¥Å縰À» 1~2ȸ Á¤µµ ¸¶½Ã°ÔÇÑ ÈÄ 5~10ºÐÁ¤µµ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÈÄ Ã»ÁøÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çغ¸°í wheezingÀÌ »ç¶óÁ³´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù¸é ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÁøÇàÇصµ º°´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°´Ù. ¾ÈÁ¤½ÃÅ°¸ç ±â´Ù¸®´Â µ¿¾È º´·ÂÀ» Àß µé¾îº¸¸é õ½ÄÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â ¼Ò°ßÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ȯÀý±â¿¡ °¨±â°¡ °É¸®¸é ±âħÀ» ¿À·¡Çß´ÙµçÁö, Àáµé¶§ °¡½¿ÀÌ ´ä´äÇÏ°í wheezingÀ» ´À³¢´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù.

´Ù¸¸ ¾àÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ anaphylaxis´Â ÀÌ¿Í´Â Á» ´Ù¸¥ ÀÀ±ÞÇÑ »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ´ë°³ ¾àÁ¦ ÁÖÀÔ Áï½Ã ¾îÁö·¯¿ò, õ¸í, È£Èí°ï¶õÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í BP°¡ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â epinephrine, steroid¸¦ ÁÖ»çÇÏ°í º¥Å縰 ÈíÀÔµµ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ßÇÑ´Ù. »ó´ç ½Ã°£ ȯÀÚÀÇ vital signÀÌ unstable ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´õ ÀÌ»ó ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â °Í º¸´Ù´Â anaphylaxis¿¡ ´ëÇÑ work upÀ» Çغ¸°í °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ¾Ë·¯Áö Àü¹®ÀÇ¿Í »ó´ãÇغ¸´Â °Ô ÁÁÀ» °Í °°´Ù.

ÀúÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¿ä¾àÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®ÀÇÁֽŠȯÀڴ õ½ÄÀÇ ¾ÇÈ­·Î º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î õ½ÄÀÌ À§³»½Ã°æÀÇ ±Ý±â´Â ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. õ½Ä Áõ»óÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ¹Ì·ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. Inhaler¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø ȯÀÚ´Â ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÏ¿¡µµ Æò¼Ò¿Í °°ÀÌ inhaler¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ±ÇÇϽʽÿÀ. ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç Á÷Àü inhaler¸¦ ÈíÀÔÇϵµ·Ï ±ÇÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Áõ»óÀÌ °æ¹ÌÇÑ Ãµ½ÄȯÀÚÀÇ À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â Æò¼Ò¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÇàÇÏ¸é µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.


[2015-12-11. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ ÆíÁö (¹Ú¼±»ý´Ô)]

¾È³çÇϽʴϱî? ¾Æħ¿¡ ÀϾ¸é ¿£µµÅõµ¥À̸¦ Àаí Ãâ±ÙÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. õ½Ä À̾߱Ⱑ ³ª¿Í¼­ °£´ÜÇÑ Áõ·Ê Çϳª º¸³À´Ï´Ù.

10¼¼ ¿©¾Æ°¡ ´ß°í±â¸¦ ¸ÔÀº ÈÄ ½Äµµ¿¡ ´ß°í±â°¡ °É¸° °Í °°´Ù°í ³»¿øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. óÀ½¿¡´Â ¸ñ¿¡ Áö±ÝÀº »óºÎ °¡½¿ÀÇ Á߽ɺο¡ °É¸°°Í °°´Ù°í ÇÏ¿© ¿¢½º·¹À̸¦ ÃÔ¿µÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ƯÀ̼ҰßÀÌ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À§³»½Ã°æÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´°í ³»½Ã°æ ½ÃÀÛÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ wheezing ÀÌ µé·Á¼­ ½Äµµ¿Í À§ÀÇ ÀϺθ¸ È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ³»½Ã°æÀ» ȸ¼öÇÏ°í nebulizer ¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

õ½Ä º´·ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í ¸ñ¿¡ ´ß°í±â°¡ °É·È´Ù¸é¼­ ³»¿øÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿©¼­ °¡½¿ ´ä´äÇÔ°ú ¸ñÀÇ °©°©ÇÔÀÌ Ãµ½Ä Áõ»óÀ̶ó°í´Â »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ´Â MDI ¸¦ ó¹æ¹Þ°í ¿Ü·¡ F/U ÁßÀ̸ç ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â F/U loss µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̹° Áõ·Ê°¡ À̹°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ õ½ÄÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â Áõ·Ê¿©¼­ °£·«ÇÏ°Ô º¸³À´Ï´Ù.


4. ÁøÁ¤³»½Ã°æ°ú º¸È£ÀÚ

[2014-8-26. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

¼ö¸é³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÏ·Á¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã º¸È£ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿ä? Àú´Â ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇßÀ¸³ª ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Ï º¸È£ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ¼ö¸é³»½Ã°æ ÇÏ´Â º´¿øµéÀÌ ²Ï ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. º´¿ø °æ¿µ»ó ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¾È »¯±â±â À§ÇØ º¸È£ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ ±×³É ÇØÁÖ¶ó´Â Àº±ÙÇÑ ¾Ð·Âµµ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÇÁ¦·Î Ã¥À̳ª ³í¹®¿¡ º¸È£ÀÚ¿¡ °üÇØ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.

[2014-8-26. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

¿ì¸®³ª¶ó´Â ¾îµð¼­³ª ¾ÆÁÖ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ȸº¹ÇÑ ÈÄ Åð½ÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©°ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ëÇк´¿øµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ minimalÇÑ Åð½Ç±âÁØÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÏ¸é º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ Çö½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À§Çèõ¸¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º¸È£ÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º¸È£ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ °Ë»çÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ µû¸¥ À§ÇèÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÇ·á±â°ü Ã¥ÀÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µ· ¶§¹®¿¡ À§ÇèÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.

º¸È£ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÀÇØÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 47ȸ ³»½Ã°æ ¼¼¹Ì³ªÀÇ ±èÇö°Ç ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ °­ÀÇ·Ï¿¡´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¾º¿© ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. "±Í°¡ ½Ã¿¡´Â Åð½Ç ¾È³»¹®À» Á¦°øÇÏ°í º¸È£ÀÚ¿Í µ¿ÇàÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ¸ç ¿îÀüÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±³À°½ÃŲ´Ù." ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¤½Ä °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼­¾ç °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» Çϳª ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Guidelines for discharge (An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists, 2002)

1) Patients should be alert and oriented; infants and patients whose mental status was initially abnormal should have returned to their baseline status. Practitioners and parents must be aware that pediatric patients are at risk for airway obstruction should the head fall forward while the child is secured in a car seat.

2) Vital signs should be stable and within acceptable limits.

3) Use of scoring systems may assist in documentation of fitness for discharge.

4) Sufficient time (up to 2 h) should have elapsed after the last administration of reversal agents (naloxone, flumazenil) to ensure that patients do not become resedated after reversal effects have worn off.

5) Outpatients should be discharged in the presence of a responsible adult who will accompany them home and be able to report any postprocedure complications.

6) Outpatients and their escorts should be provided with written instructions regarding postprocedure diet,medications, activities...


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ÁøÁ¤ ¿©ºÎ¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô Áø´Ü ³»½Ã°æÀº º¸È£ÀÚ ¾øÀÌ, Ä¡·á³»½Ã°æ°ú ERCP´Â º¸È£ÀÚ °è½Å »óÅ¿¡¼­ ½Ã¼ú. ±ÞÇÏ¸é ¿¬¶ôó¸¸ È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø ³»½Ã°æ½Ç 2017-4-20)


5. °¨¿°

1) HIV

HIV °¨¿°ÀÚ È¤Àº HIV °¨¿° ÀÇ½É È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¼ú ¹× ½Ã¼ú (2015 »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ)

1) HIV ÀǾ缺ÀÚ´Â À½¼ºÀÚ·Î È®ÀεDZâ Àü±îÁö ¾ç¼ºÀÚ¿¡ ÁØÇؼ­ °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

2) Ç¥ÁØÁÖÀÇ Áؼö

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[2021-6-21. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

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6-1. °íÇ÷¾Ð°ú ³»½Ã°æ

[2014-8-26. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

Ç÷¾ÐÀÌ ¾ó¸¶±îÁö µÇ¾ß ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿ä? ´ëÇк´¿ø ¼ÒÈ­±â³»°ú ³»½Ã°æ½Ç ±âÁØÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·ÎÄà ¹× °ËÁø¼¾ÅÍ ³»½Ã°æ½Ç ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¹®ÀÇ µå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿¹Àü¿¡ ¾î¶² ´ëÇк´¿ø °ËÁø¿¡¼­´Â 140/90ÀÌ»óÀº ¾È ½ÃÄÑÁá´Ù, ¾îµð´Â SBP 180 ÀÌ»óÀÌ¸é ¾È ½ÃŲ´Ù... ¹¹ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Áß±¸³­¹æÀ¸·Î ¸»Çϴµ¥ ·ÎÄÃÀ̳ª °ËÁø¼¾ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç÷¾ÐÀÌ ¾ó¸¶ÀÎÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[2014-8-26. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

¹®Çå¿¡´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ª¿Í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

BSG guideline 2006 - An endoscopic procedure may need to be deferred if the patient's BP is deemed to be dangerously high - allow time for hypotensive agents to have an effect.

ASGE and other societies guideline 2012 - Hypertension is seen commonly during endoscopic procedures and is oft en aggravated by patients not taking their medications for hypertension on the day of the procedure. Although hypotension and hypertension during endoscopy very rarely result in permanent complications, they occasionally reach levels for which corrective action is appropriate.

Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ Çϱâ Àü °íÇ÷¾Ð ¾àÀ» ²÷Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸¹Àº ȯÀÚµéÀÌ ¾àÀ» ²÷¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. S-BP°¡ ¾ó¸¶¸é ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â ±âÁØÀº Á¤Çϱ⠾î·Á¿ï °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. 140/90 ÀÌ»óÀº ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Áö³ªÄ£ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â À̺¸´Ù »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô¾Æµµ ±×³É Á¶½É½º·´°Ô Ç÷¾ÐÀ» ÃøÁ¤Çϸ鼭 °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


6-2. Àΰø½É¹Úµ¿±â¿Í ºÎÁ¤¸Æ. Pacemaker/ICD, arrhthymia

½ÉÀå pacemaker¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִ ȯÀÚÀÇ ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×Àº ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚº°·Î Áúº´ »óÅ°¡ ´Ù¸£°í, pacemaker Á¾·ù°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹°í, electrosurgical unit Á¾·ù¿Í settingµµ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°í, ³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼úµµ ´Ù ´Þ¶ó¼­ ÇѸ¶µð·Î ¸»Çϱ⠾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¸¦ ½ÉÀå³»°ú consultÇÑ´Ù´Â °Íµµ Çö½ÇÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °í¹ÎÀº °è¼ÓµË´Ï´Ù.

ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ ±³°ú¼­ Cotton and William's Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (7ÆÇ, 156ÂÊ)¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç ºÎºÐÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â À̾߱âÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

"Modern cardiac pacemakers are unaffected at the relatively low power used for endoscopic electrosurgery. An additional safety factor is that the electrosurgicl current passage between the polypectomy site in the abdomen and patient plate (usually on the thigh) is reasonably remote from the pacemaker. Implanted cardiac defibrillators, however, can be fired by electrosurgical currents and temporary deactivation of the defibrillator by a cardiac technician with full cardiac (EGC) monitoring of the patient is recommended at the time of polypectomy. If in doubt, consult the patients cardiologist."

2017³â 6¿ù 13ÀÏ »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü Àú³Î¹ÌÆÿ¡¼­ ÀÓ»ó°­»ç À̼¼¿Á ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­ ÀÌ À̽´¸¦ Àß Á¤¸®ÇØ Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù.

PPT PDF 2.0M

À§ ¹ßÇ¥ÀÚ·á Áß Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Çؼ³°ú ÇÔ²² ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.

Àá½Ã pacemaker°¡ ÁߴܵǾ Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ» ȯÀÚ¿Í Àá½Ã¶óµµ Áß´ÜµÇ¸é ¾È µÇ´Â ȯÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Pacemaker dependentÀΠȯÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ½ÉÀå³»°ú consult¸¦ ÇÏ°í Àӽ÷Πpacemaker¸¦ asynchronous mode·Î º¯°æ(reprogramming) Ç϶ó´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï pacemakerÀÇ sensing ±â´ÉÀ» ²ô°í ±×³É ½º½º·Î ¾Ë¾Æ¼­ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô pacingÀ» Ç϶ó´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Pacemaker dependentÇÑ »óÅ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é reprogramming±îÁö´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í bipolar current¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, grounding pad¸¦ Àü·ù°¡ ½ÉÀåÀÌ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï À§Ä¡½ÃÅ°°í, electrosurgical unitÀÇ Àü·ù¸¦ ¾àÇÏ°Ô ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í, Àü·ù¸¦ °è¼Ó È긮Áö ¸»°í Á¶±Ý¾¿ ²÷¾î¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¤µµÀÇ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.

MonitoringÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¿©·¯ ´Üü¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¥ guidelineÀ» ³½ »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ICD´Â Á» ´õ ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°¡²û ÀÚ¼®(magnet)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² pacemaker´Â ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÀÚ¼®À» °¡½¿¿¡ ºÙÀÌ¸é ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ pacemaker ³»ºÎÀÇ Àü·ù°¡ Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î asynchronous mode°¡ µÇ¾î ½ÉÀå±â±â ȸ»ç¿¡¼­ Á¤ÇÑ pacing rate·Î ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ¹Ç·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ½Ã¼úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ magentÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Self rhythmÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô 70ȸ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÎ °æ¿ì magnet »ç¿ë¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª self rhythmÀÌ 80ȸ ÀÌ»óÀ̰ųª ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿À¸·Î 40-100ȸ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î º¯È­°¡ ½ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â mode º¯°æÀÌ ´õ À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î mode¸¦ º¯°æÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í magnetÀ» ÁغñÇØ µÎ¾ú´Ù°¡ ¹Úµ¿¼ö°¡ ¶³¾îÁú ¶§¸¸ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ³»½Ã°æ Àǻ簡 ÀÌ·± °ÍÀ» »ó¼¼È÷ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ï ´Ã Àü¹®°¡¿Í »óÀÇÇÏ´Â ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ´ë°­ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¿¹ ¸ð¸£´Â °Íº¸´Ù À§ÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

MagnetÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ý°å½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ °¡½¿ÀÇ pacemaker À§¿¡ ÀÌó·³ ¹Ýâ°í·Î ºÙÀÌ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. MagnetÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ ÈÄ È¯ÀÚ °¡½¿À» ³»½Ã°æÀ¸·Î »çÁø ÂïÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

»ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø¿¡¼­´Â pacemaker °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Àǹ®»çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÀå±â´É°Ë»ç½Ç hot-line (³»¼± 2756)À¸·Î ¿¬¶ôÇÏ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ±¸ÃàÇØ µÎ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó¼­´Â ȸ»ç ¹®ÀÇ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (¾Æ·¡ ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£ Âü°í).

¿©ÇÏÆ° ÀÌ À̽´´Â ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àü¹®°¡´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ Á¦ ³ª¸§´ë·Î Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

Pacemaker/ICD ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î electrocauterizationÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÏ¹Ý À§³»½Ã°æ°ú ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀº ¾Æ¹« Á¶Ã³°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

Polypectomy³ª cauterizationÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ½ÉÀå³»°ú ºÎÁ¤¸ÆÆÀ ÇùÁøÀÌ ¿øÄ¢ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇùÁøÀÌ ¾ø´Â »óÅ¿¡¼­ °©Àڱ⠽üúÇÏ°Ô µÈ °æ¿ì´Â (1) ½ÉÀå±â´É°Ë»ç½Ç¿¡ ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿© pacemaker³ª ICD¸¦ reprogrammingÇÑ ÈÄ ½Ã¼úÇϰųª, (2) ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡ ºñÄ¡µÈ magnetÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© pacemaker³ª ICD¸¦ Àӽ÷Πasynchronous mode (ȤÀº sensing ±â´É off)·Î º¯°æÇÑ ÈÄ ½Ã¼úÀ» ÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ICD´Â ¸ðµç ȸ»ç¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, pacemakerÀÇ °æ¿ì Biotronik»ç Á¦Ç°Àº magnet¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. MagnetÀº self rhythmÀÌ °è¼Ó 70ȸ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÏ ¶§¸¸ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

º» º´¿ø¿¡¼­ pacemaker/ICD¸¦ ½Ã¼úÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ±Ý¹æ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, Ÿ º´¿ø¿¡¼­ pacemaker/ICD¸¦ ½Ã¼úÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ±¸Çϱ⠾î·Á¿î °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¸Åë ȯÀÚ°¡ ¸íÇÔ Å©±âÀÇ pacemaker/ICD Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ´Ù´Ï°Ô µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ¸¸¾à ¾È °¡Áö°í ´Ù´Ï´Â °æ¿ì¶ó¸é ½ÉÀå±â´É°Ë»ç½Ç hot-line(³»¼± 2756)À¸·Î ÀüÈ­ÇÏ¿© »óÀÇÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


[2015-4-9. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

°ËÁø ³»½Ã°æÀ» À§ÇØ ¹æ¹®ÇϽŠºÐ Áß ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿À» °¡Áø ºÐµéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» ã¾Æº¸¾Æµµ ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿ÀÌ ÀִºеéÀÌ ASA ºÐ·ùÁß ¾îµð¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´ÂÁö ³ª¿ÍÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

1. Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ºñ¼ö¸é ³»½Ã°æÀ» Çصµ µÉ±î¿ä? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ºñ¼ö¸éÀÌ¶óµµ ¼øȯ±â³»°ú ÇùÁøÀ» º¸°í °¡´É¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¹®ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä?

2. Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿ ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼ö¸é ³»½Ã°æ ¿ª½Ã Çصµ µÉ±î¿ä? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¼øȯ±â³»°ú ÇùÁøÀ»º¸°í ¼ö¸é °¡´É¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¹®ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä?

[2015-12-26. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

½ÉÀåÁúȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº µû·Î ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. AMI ÀÌÈÄ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æÀ̳ª ÆǸ·ÁúȯÀÚÀÇ Ç×»ýÁ¦ ¿©ºÎ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡À̵å¶óÀθ¸ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÆóÁúȯ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ (À¯Á¾¼±. ´ëÇѼÒÈ­±â³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ ¼¼¹Ì³ª 2003)À» Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

ASA ºÐ·ù´Â Áúº´¿¡ µû¶ó ³ª´©¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ȯÀÚÀÇ physical status¿¡ µû¶ó ³ª´©¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿À̶ó¸é ASA 2ÀÌ°í ³»½Ã°æ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æÀÌµç ºñÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æÀÌµç ¸ðµÎ ½ÉÀåÀü¹®ÀÇ ÇùÁø ¾øÀÌ ½ÃÇàÇϼŵµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.


[2018-7-27. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

³»½Ã°æÀü sinus bradycardia ¼ö°ËÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Àâ¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ±î¿ä? ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ °ËÁø ½Ã µ¿¼­¸ÆÀ̶ó´Â À̾߱⸦ µé¾úÁö¸¸ Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â 50´ë ³²¼ºÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ Àå±â Áúȯµµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. HR 39À¸·Î µ¿±â´ÉºÎÀü ¹× ÀüµµÂ÷´ÜÀÇ °¡´É¼º ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ½Ã¼úÀ» ¹Ì·ê °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ȯÀÚ´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¿øÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù.

Áö±Ý ÀÖ´Â ±â°ü¿¡¼­´Â HR 50¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ ÇÏ·ç¿¡µµ ¿©·µ ÀÖ°í ±×Áß ÀϺδ 40ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Áõ»óÀº ¼ÒÈ­ºÒ·® ÇÇ·Î µîÀ» È£¼ÒÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹°í¿ä °£È¤ ½Ç½Åµµ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÖÂÄÈ÷ °É¾îµé¾î¿Í¼­ ½ÉÀåÀÌ ¾È ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù°í È­¸¦ ³»½Ã°Å³ª ´çȤÇØ ÇϽô °æ¿ì°¡ ´ë´Ù¼öÀε¥.... HR ¸î ¾Æ·¡ ¾î¶² °æ¿ì(sinus or not) Áõ»ó(¾î¶² Áõ»óÀÌ ¸î ȸ...) ÀÖÀ¸¸é °Ë»ç¸¦ ¾È³»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ»±î¿ä?

Àú´Â '40ȸ ÀÌ»ó(¾Ë±â·ÐÀ» ÁÖ»ç Èĵµ Æ÷ÇÔ) & ¹«Áõ»ó & V/S Á¤»ó'ÀÌ¸é °Ë»ç¸¦ ÁøÇàÇߴµ¥ ¼ö°ËÀÚºÐÀÇ ÀúÇ×À» ¸Â°í º¸´Ï ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Â´ÂÁö, ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç ºÒ°¡ ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ ±Ã±ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2018-7-28. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

¹«Áõ»ó (sinus) bradycardia ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÐÀÇ ºñÁøÁ¤ °ËÁø³»½Ã°æÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼­ Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ¿ì·ÁµÇ´Â Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é AlgironÀº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±×¸¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â Áø´Ü³»½Ã°æÀ» Çϸ鼭 AlgironÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àý¹Ý Á¤µµÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

½Ç½ÅÀÇ º´·Â, È£Èí°ï¶õ, general weakness µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Â bradycardia ȯÀÚ´Â °ËÁø ³»½Ã°æÀÇ contraindicationÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÀåÁúȯÀÌ ÀǽɵǴ ºÐÀÌ '°ËÁø' ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸»ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. '°ËÁø'Àº ¹«Áõ»ó ¼ºÀο¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

°á±¹ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹«Áõ»ó (sinus) bradicardia »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡·Î ¿ä¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. öÀúÈ÷ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀ» Çϸ鼭 ÁøÁ¤ ¾àÁ¦¸¦ Æò¼Òº¸´Ù Àû°Ô, ´À¸®°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ½Ã¼ú ÈÄ¿¡´Â Á¶±Ý ±æ°Ô °üÂûÇÏ¸é µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.


6-3. AMI¿Í ³»½Ã°æ

Safety of endoscopic procedures after AMI: a systematic review (2012)


7. ¸¸¼º °£Áúȯ ȯÀÚ

2021-9-8. ¸¸¼º °£Áúȯ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ (³ë¿øÀ»Áöº´¿ø ¿ÀÁÖÇö ±³¼ö´Ô)


7-1. °£ÀÌ½Ä È¯ÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ

[2014-9-18. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

±³¼ö´Ô. ¿©ÂÞ¾î º¸°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 50´ë ³²Àڷμ­ 2011³â °£À̽ÄÀ» ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ËÄݼº °£°æº¯À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼ö¼úÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º´¿ø¿¡¼­ °¡±î¿î º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ°ú À§³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÏ°í »çÁøÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿À¶óÇÏ¿© Á¦ º´¿ø¿¡ ¿À°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °£ÀÌ½Ä È¯ÀÚÀÇ ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ °æÇèÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ Ȥ½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©Âã°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


[2014-9-19. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

ÁÁÀº Áú¹® °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â °£ÀÌ½Ä È¯ÀÚÀÇ À§¾Ï ESD °æÇèÀº ¸î ¹ø ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ °æÇèÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ º» º´¿ø ½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´Ô²² ÀÚ¹®À» ±¸ÇßÀ¸´Ï Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.


°£ÀÌ½Ä È¯ÀÚÀÇ À§¾Ï ESD (EndoTODAY À§¾Ï 50)


[2014-9-19. »ï¼º¼­¿ïº´¿ø °£¾ÏÆÀ ½Åµ¿Çö ±³¼ö´Ô ´äº¯]

¼±»ý´Ô. Àúµµ ¾ÆÁ÷ °æÇèÀº ¸¹Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ÀÌ°÷¿¡ ¹ß·É ¹ÞÀº ÈÄ À̽ļ¾ÅÍ¿¡ À̾߱âÇÏ¿© °£ÀÌ½Ä È¯ÀÚµéÀÇ À§/´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀº Àü´ãÇؼ­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç±îÁöÀÇ °æÇèÀº Ưº°È÷ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×Àº ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÈÁ¤±â¿¡ Á¢¾îµå½Å ºÐµéÀº, ÀϹÝȯÀÚµé°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Á¢±ÙÇϼŵµ µË´Ï´Ù. °£ÀÌ½Ä ÈÄ ¾ÈÁ¤±â¿¡ Á¢¾îµç ºÐµé¿¡°Ô À§/´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ ¼±º°°Ë»ç¸¦ ±ÇÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾Æ·¡ ³í¹®°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù (Chandok. Liver Transpl 2012).

Burden of de novo malignancy in the liver transplant recipient

Recipients of liver transplantation (LT) have a higher overall risk (2-3 times on average) of developing de novo malignancies than the general population, with standardized incidence ratios ranging from 1.0 for breast and prostate cancers to 3-4 for colon cancer and up to 12 for esophageal and oropharyngeal cancers. Aside from immunosuppression, other identified risk factors for de novo malignancies include the patient's age, a history of alcoholic liver disease or primary sclerosing cholangitis, smoking, and viral infections with oncogenic potential. Despite outcome studies showing that de novo malignancies are major causes of mortality and morbidity after LT, there are no guidelines for cancer surveillance protocols or immunosuppression protocols to lower the incidence of de novo cancers. Patient education, particularly for smoking cessation and excess sun avoidance, and regular clinical follow-up remain the standard of care. Further research in epidemiology, risk factors, and the effectiveness of screening and management protocols is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of de novo malignancies.

ÀÌ½Ä ÈÄ ¾ÈÁ¤±â¿¡ Á¢¾îµå½Å ºÐµé¿¡°Ô »ç¸ÁÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀº de novo maligancyÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀÌ°í, ƯÈ÷ ´ëÀå¿ëÁ¾(ÁøÇ༺ ¼±Á¾)Àº ªÀº ±â°£ ³»½Ã°æÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ¹ú½á ¸î ºÐ¿¡¼­ °æÇèÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¸é¿ª¾ïÁ¦Á¦¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ ÈÄ ÃßÀû³»½Ã°æ ½ÃÁ¡ °áÁ¤Àº ÀϹÝȯÀÚ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±Ç°í¾Èµµ ±Ù°Åµµ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

¹®Çå¿¡¼­´Â ½Äµµ¾Ï À§ÇèÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³ô´Ù°í ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÇöÀç±îÁö ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÈÁ¤±âÀÎ ºÐµé¿¡¼­ "procedure"¿¡ Ưº°ÇÑ ÁÖÀ§»çÇ×Àº ´À³¢Áö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù.


8. ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ

[2014-12-22. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

°æ±¸ Ç÷´ç°­ÇÏÁ¦¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ°í Àְųª Àν¶¸° ÁÖ»ç·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­, »óºÎ ¶Ç´Â ÇϺΠ¼ö¸é³»½Ã°æ°Ë»ç½Ã ½Ã¼úÀü Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç(BST)°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö Áú¹®µå¸³´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â ªÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼ö¸é³»½Ã°æ°Ë»ç Àü Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ¼ö¸é ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ°Ë»ç ½Ã (ƯÈ÷ ¿ÀÈÄ ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â) ½Ã¼úÀü Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç(BST°Ë»ç)¸¦ Çß½À´Ï´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù º´¿øÀ» ¿Å±â°Ô µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ³»½Ã°æ½Ç °£È£»çµéÀÌ °ÇÀǸ¦ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±Ù¹«Çß´ø ÀÇ»ç ¼±»ý´ÔÀº ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ¶óµµ »çÀü Ç÷´ç°Ë»çÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼ö¸é´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇØ¿ÔÀ¸´Ï, ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ¶óµµ »çÀü Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼ö¸é ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æ°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÇ´Â°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÀúÇ÷´çÀÇ À§Ç輺 ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸é ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ²À °Ë»ç Àü »çÀüÇ÷´ç°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ»çµéÀº »çÀüÇ÷´ç°Ë»ç¸¦ ¾ÈÇÑ´Ù´Ï, "³»°¡ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°í Àִ°¡?"ÇÏ´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ µì´Ï´Ù. ´ç´¢º´È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­ »óºÎ ¶Ç´Â ÇϺΠ¼ÒÈ­±â³»½Ã°æ°Ë»ç Àü¿¡ Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» µè°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ³Ê¹« ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Áú¹®À» µå·Á¼­ Á˼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

[2014-12-22. ÀÌÁØÇà ´äº¯]

ÁÁÀº Áú¹® °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³Ê¹« ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Áú¹®À̶ó´Ï¿ä... ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ À̽´Àε¥ ¿ì¸® ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ¼ÒȦÈ÷ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¾ÈÀü°ú °ü·ÃµÈ Áß¿äÇÑ À̽´ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³Ê¹« Áß¿äÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¼ÒȦÈ÷ ´Ù·ïÁö°ï ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº ¾ø´Â °Í °°¾Æ ÀúÈñ º´¿ø ¹æħ ¼Ò°³·Î ´ë½ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸í¹®È­µÈ ±ÔÁ¤Àº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×³É °üÇàÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¸ðµç ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ BST¸¦ ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. BST´Â ±×³É ¼­ºñ½º·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Ë»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ»ç ó¹æÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ¼ö°¡¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÏ´Â Á¤½Ä °Ë»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (1) ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀúÇ÷´ç Áõ¼¼¸¦ È£¼ÒÇÒ ¶§, (2) ÀÇ·áÁø ÆÇ´ÜÀ¸·Î ȯÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÇÑ µî ÀúÇ÷´ç ¼Ò°ßÀ» º¸ÀÏ ¶§, (3) ȯÀÚ°¡ ¿äûÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ BST¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. º¸Åë Æò¼Ò¿¡ ÀúÇ÷´ç Áõ¼¼¸¦ °æÇèÇÑ È¯ÀÚµéÀÌ BST °Ë»ç¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹æħÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁ÷ Å« ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÀ» ó¹æÇÒ ¶§ ´ç´¢º´ ȯÀÚ°¡ Àú¿¡°Ô ÀúÇ÷´çÀÌ °ÆÁ¤µÈ´Ù°í ¸»¾¸ÇϽøé "°Ë»ç Àü¿¡ »çÅÁ Çϳª µå¼¼¿ä"¶ó°í ÀÏ·¯ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.


9. Thrombocytopenia

Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÀÌ ³·Àº ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ ¹× Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç ȤÀº polypectomy µîÀÇ ±âÁØÀº ¸íÈ®È÷ È®¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº ÀÌ·¸½À´Ï´Ù.

WJG 2015

"Endoscopic Interventions in Patients with Thrombocytopenia"¶ó´Â ÀÎÅͺ並 º¸¸é MD Anderson Cancer CenterÀÇ Dr Ross´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

"We feel that the traditional threshold of 50,000 platelets/¥ìL that many doctors adhere to or aim for should be put aside, and a lower platelet threshold of perhaps 25,000/¥ìL or 30,000/¥ìL should be employed for endoscopic procedures, including biopsies."

2015³â ¸®ºä(Tong. WJG 2015)¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¾²°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 5¸¸ ÀÌ»óÀ̸é ÁÁ°ÚÀ¸³ª ÀÓ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ±×º¸´Ù ³·¾Æµµ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í 2¸¸ ÀÌ»óÀ̸é Á¶Á÷°Ë»çµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

"Most studies used a threshold of 50000/mm3 for prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to endoscopic procedures, although some performed uneventful endoscopies with lower counts. Therefore, based on this review and general practice guidelines, we recommend using 50000/mm3 as the threshold to performendoscopy. However, if clinically required, lower platelet counts may be considered by the endoscopist. Platelet transfusion during the procedure for patients who could not maintain this threshold is an option especially if a high risk procedure is planned. Although patients with lower platelet levels have undergone endoscopic procedures or endoscopic biopsies, duodenal biopsies, in particular, should be avoided if the platelet count is < 20000/mm3, as they can be a high risk factor for bleeding and hematoma development."

Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â ±× ¿øÀÎÀÌ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Splenomegaly¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõÀº Å©°Ô ¹®Á¦µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ´Â ´ë°­ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °³ÀÎÀû ±ÇÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

1) ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»çÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõÀ» Àß »ìÆ캸°í ³»½Ã°æÀÌ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â clinically ²À Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö °í¹ÎÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °Ç°­ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °ËÁø ³»½Ã°æ°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ°í ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ º´¼Ò¿¡¼­ Á¶Á÷°Ë»çÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº °¡±ÞÀû ÇÇÇϱ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

2) Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ 2¸¸ ÀÌ»óÀÌ¸é ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç´Â ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÇÊ¿äÇϸé Á¶Á÷°Ë»çµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Áø´Ü³»½Ã°æ Àü Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¼öÇ÷Àº Á¤¸»·Î ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ¾ÆÁÖ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ¸·Î °í·ÁÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¾ÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÀÌ 2-5¸¸ÀÌ´õ¶óµµ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´½À´Ï´Ù.

3) Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¼öÇ÷ ÀÚüµµ ÀûÁö¾ÊÀº ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿©·¯¹ø ¼öÇ÷¹ÞÀº ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¼öÇ÷À» ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÀÌ Àß ¿Ã¶ó°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â ȯÀÚ°¡ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÓ»óÀû µæ°ú ½ÇÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

4) Active bleedingÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚ´Â Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÀ» 5¸¸ ÀÌ»ó À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

5) Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ °¨¼ÒÁõ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ elective therapeutic endoscopy°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸé fellow ¼±»ý´Ô ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ °áÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ±³¼ö´Ôµé²² consult ÇϽʽÿÀ.


10. AlgironÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ȯÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©

Àú´Â Áø´Ü³»½Ã°æÀ» ó¹æÇÒ ¶§ algironÀ» ÇÔ²² ó¹æÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç ÈÄ Algiron¸¸ µû·Î ó¹æÇÏ°í ¼ö³³ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¹ø°Å·Ó±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °£È¤ ½ÉÇÑ Àü¸³¼± ºñ´ëÁõ µîÀ¸·Î AlgironÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì´Â ³»½Ã°æ °á°úÁö¿¡ ±â·ÏÀ» ³²±â°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ °Ë»ç¸¦ ó¹æÇÒ ¶§ È¥¼±À» ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇÔÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

* Âü°í: Antispasmodics (Buscopan, Algiron)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀϽÃÀû ±â¾ï »ó½Ç


11. Adrenal mass ȯÀÚÀÇ MAC ¸¶Ãë ȤÀº Àü½Å ¸¶Ãë

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 2.5 cm À̻󿡼­´Â pheochromocytoma´Â ¾Æ´ÑÁö workupÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 2.5 cm ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲÀ» Àß »ìÇÉ´Ù.


12. Mediciation issues

1) Pethidine

Pethidine°ú MAO inhibitor¸¦ º´¿ëÇϸé Áß´ëÇÑ ÀÌ»ó ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Serotonin syndromeÀ̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼­´Â ÆÄŲ½¼ Ä¡·áÁ¦ÀÎ Rasagine (¾ÆÁú·ºÆ®Á¤)ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. RasagineÀÇ Ã¼³» Á¦°Å ±â°£Àº 14ÀÏÀ̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¾î¶² ȯÀÚ°¡ MAO inhibitor ƯÈ÷ RasagineÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÆÄŲ½¼ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â °¡±ÞÀû pethidineÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â »óºÎÀ§Àå°ü ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼­´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ pethidineÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â Libby ZionÀ̶ó´Â 18¼¼ ´ëÇлýÀÌ º´¿ø¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇÑ »ç°ÇÀ» °è±â·Î drug interaction¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁ³°í, ±× °á°ú pethidine »ç¿ëÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ÁÙ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. PethidineÀÌ serotonin syndromeÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù (2007³â NY Times ±â»ç)

The death of Libby Zion, an 18-year-old college student, in a New York hospital on March 5, 1984, led to a highly publicized court battle and created a cause celebre over the lack of supervision of inexperienced and overworked young doctors. But only much later did experts zero in on the preventable disorder that apparently led to Ms. Zion¡¯s death: a form of drug poisoning called serotonin syndrome.

Ms. Zion, who went to the hospital with a fever of 103.5, had been taking a prescribed antidepressant, phenelzine (Nardil). The combination of phenelzine and the narcotic painkiller meperidine (Demerol) given to her at the hospital could raise the level of circulating serotonin to dangerous levels. When she became agitated, a symptom of serotonin toxicity, and tried to pull out her intravenous tubes, she was restrained, and the resulting muscular tension is believed to have sent her fever soaring to lethal heights.

[2018-9-12. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ training ¹ÞÀº ¼±»ý´Ô²² ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÞÀº ´äº¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

±³¼ö´Ô,

¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎ ÀϺο¡ ±¹ÇÑ Á¦ °æÇè»ó Demerol Àº ³»½Ã°æ½ÇÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ º´¿ø ºÎ¼­¿¡¼­ Àß ¾²ÀÌÁö¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1980³â´ë ÀÖ¾ú´ø Libby Zion (MAOI »ç¿ë ÁßÀΠȯÀÚ°¡ ´º¿å¼ÒÀç º´¿ø ÀÀ±Þ½Ç¿¡¼­ Demerol À» ¸Â°í serotonin syndrome À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÑ) case ÈÄ·Î ¾àÀÇ È¿·Â°ú ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÇ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ¶°³ª Demerol Àº º´¿øÀ̳ª ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ ²¨·ÁÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Á¦°¡ °æÇèÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡¼­´Â midazolam °ú fentanyl À» moderate sedation ¿¡ ¾²°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¡²û fentanyl ´ë½Å morphine À» ¾²´Â °æ¿ìµµ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. º»¿ø°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·¯ ³»½Ã°æ½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Â º´¿ø¿¡¼­ moderate sedation À» À§ÇØ ¿©·¯°¡ÁöÀÇ ¾à (demerol, fentanyl, or morphine) À» »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡´Â ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â demerol ÀÌ fentanyl À̳ª morphine ¿¡ ºñÇØ °ü¸®°¡ ½±´Ù°í ¾Ë°íÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

It comes down to:

1. Change to fentanyl or morphine to avoid rare potential complication with demerol when used in a patient with MAOI, but it will create more work for staff to maintain and log usage and to properly store/dispose unused medications. Does fentanyl or morphine cost more to stock than demerol?

2. Continue with demerol while utilizing medication interaction alert system on Darwin to prevent rare potential complication, but Darwin may not have the most updated patient medication list or no list at all for the endoscopy patients. Staff will have more work to take history, verify medications, and enter them to Darwin.

ÀúÀÇ humble opinion Àº #2 °¡ Á¶±Ý ´õ Çö½ÇÀûÀÎ ÇعýÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.


2) Lidocaine anesthesia

À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ lidocaine spray¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ consensus´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ lidocaine spray°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ consensusµµ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â lidocaine spary°¡ ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹º°¡ÀÇ À̽´°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â lidocaine spray¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °Ë»çÇÏ°ï Çϴµ¥, ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö Ưº°ÇÑ ¹®Á¦´Â ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼ú °æÇèÀÌ Á¦°¢°¢ÀÎ ¿©·¯ Àǻ簡 °Ë»çÇϴ ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ³´°Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Topical anesthesia: to use or not to use - that is the question¶ó´Â ¹¦ÇÑ Á¦¸ñÀÇ Gastrointest Endosc 2001ÀÇ editorial °á·Ð ºÎºÐÀ» ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù. Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì (upper endoscopy for the first time without sedation) ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¾È ½áµµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù´Â °ßÇظ¦ °¡Áø ºÐÀÌ ¾´ editorialÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÁøÁ¤ ³»½Ã°æ »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â µµ¿òµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ´ÜÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ½á ³õÀº ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (In practices that use conscious sedation, it is not beneficial).

In summary, the need to use topical pharyngeal anesthesia is still debatable. Where it may be useful is with patients who are anxious or undergoing upper endoscopy for the first time without sedation. In practices that use conscious sedation, it is not beneficial. In fact, many patients may dislike it because of its taste, the burning sensation that accompanies anesthesia, and the anesthetic feeling itself. In addition, in the era of thinner, newer-generation endoscopes, it is unlikely to make a difference for patients receiving sedation. Further studies are needed in patients who undergo transnasal endoscopy without sedation as cost-containment concerns continue to influence practice. But no matter what the circumstances, the power of the physician-patient interaction regarding tolerance and performance of upper endoscopy procedures should not be underestimated.

Lidocaine sprayÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â methemoglobinemia, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm µîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Àú È¥ÀÚÀÇ »ý°¢ÀÔ´Ï´Ù¸¸... ¸Å¿ì privateÇÑ È¯°æ-³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼úÀÇ°¡ Á÷Á¢ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ°í, º»ÀÎÀÌ Á÷Á¢ °Ë»çÇÏ°í, º»ÀÎÀÌ Á÷Á¢ °á°ú¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â »óȲ-ÀÌ°í ³»½Ã°æ Àǻ簡 gentleÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ »ðÀÔ ¼ú±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é lidocaine spray ¾øÀÌ À§³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ °³¾÷ÇÑ´Ù¸é lidocaine spray ¾øÀÌ °Ë»çÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³»½Ã°æ ½Ã¼ú °æÇèÀÌ Á¦°¢°¢ÀÎ ¿©·¯ Àǻ簡 °Ë»çÇϴ ȯ°æ(training hospital)¿¡¼­´Â °¡±ÞÀû lidocaine spray¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç Àú´Â lidocaine spray¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Sedation Çßµç ¾È Çßµç...

ÇÑ ¸¶µð µ¡ºÙÀ̸é lidocaine spray¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö°í pronase (Endonase F)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀÌ Á¦ ¼Ò¸ÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×³É ÀúÀÇ ¼Ò¸ÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Pronase°¡ ºñ±Þ¿©ÀÎ »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â °³ÀÎÀû ¼Ò¸ÁÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Pronase ±Þ¿©È­ ÃßÁøÇսôÙ. (2019.8.22. ÀÌÁØÇà)

* Âü°í: Topical anesthesia: to use or not to use - that is the question (Gastrointest Endosc 2001 - editorial)


[Cases]

¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ ½á¿À´ø ³»½Ã°æ½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ħ´ë°¡ ³õÀÌ´Â º®¸é ȯÀÚ ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡ pulse oximeter Àåºñ¿Í LCD ¸ð´ÏÅÍ°¡ ºÙ¾îÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (ÁÂÃø »çÁø µ¿±×¶ó¹Ì). ȯÀÚ°¡ ħ´ë¿¡¼­ ¾É´Ù°¡ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ºÎµúÄ¡°ï ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æ½Ç ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ·¹ÀÏÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© ħ´ë°¡ º®¿¡¼­ ºÙÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù (¿ìÃø »çÁø). ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ºÎµúÄ¡´Â »ç·Ê°¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ç¶óÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¼ÒÇÑ °ÍºÎÅÍ °íÄ¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

°£°æÈ­, °£¾ÏÀ¸·Î supportive care ¹Þ´Â ºÐÀÌ intermittent hematochezia·Î ³»¿øÇϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ÀÀ±Þ½Ç¿¡¼­ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç°¡ ÀǷڵǾú´Âµ¥¿ä... º¹¼ö¿Í Èä¼ö¸¦ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÑ ÈÄ ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ»±î¿ä, ´çÀå Á¶½É½º·´°Ô °Ë»çÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ÀÇ·á Çö½Ç »ó ºü¸¥ °Ë»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ pressure°¡ °­ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¶½É½º·´°Ô °Ë»çÇßÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ hypoxia°¡ ÀÖ¾î Àá½Ã management ÇÏ¿´°í À̳» ÁÁ¾ÆÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. õõÈ÷ °Ë»çÇßÀ¸¸é ´õ ÁÁ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀε¥ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ÀÇ·á Çö½ÇÀÌ ¾ÈŸ±î¿ï »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


[FAQ]

[2017-3-9. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]

°£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ°¡ À§³»½Ã°æ°ú ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÏ·Á°í ³»½Ã°æ½Ç·Î ¿À¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ÀåÁ¤°áµµ ÇÑ »óÅ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ´Â child score B8, Ç÷¼ÒÆÇÀº 35K, ÃÖ±Ù °£¼ºÈ¥¼ö ±â¿Õ·Âµµ ÀÖÀ¸¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ȯÀÚ°¡ ¿øÇϼ̴ٰí ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ´ëÀå³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Í ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ °í¹ÎÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, °á±¹ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ Á¶½ÉÇؼ­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤¸» ºÒ¾ÈÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ»Áö¿ä?

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[References]

1) Complications of GI endoscopy. BSG guidelines in gastroenterology (2006)

2) ½ÉÆóÁúȯ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ À¯Á¾¼± (´ëÇѼÒÈ­±â³»½Ã°æÇÐȸ ¼¼¹Ì³ª 2003)

3) Chief review - Endoscopy in high risk patients (2017-12-26. Á¤Çý±³)

4) ±âÀúÁúȯ ȯÀÚÀÇ ³»½Ã°æ - °­ÀÇ µ¿¿µ»ó

5) ³»½Ã°æ½Ç ȯÀÚ ¾ÈÀü °ü¸® ¹æ¾È ¹× Æò°¡±âÁØ °³¹ß (KSGE) º¸°í¼­¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.



© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.