Parasite | Eso | Sto | Cancer | ESD
[Helicobacter¿Í À§¾Ï] - ðû
Mediflix log-in é© (ÃÖÀÏÁÖ, 2021)
1. Background
3. ±¹³» ¿¬±¸ÀÚÀÇ °ÀÇ ¹× ³í¹® - ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ 2020 NEJM ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ comment
6. Hp Á¦±Õ Ä¡·á ÈÄ º¯È¿Í À§¾Ï
7. FAQ - ¹Ì°¨¿°ÀÚ º¸È£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ ÆíÁö¿¡ ´äÇÔ
8. References
Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú (2020-12-5 ´ëÇÑ»óºÎÀ§Àå°üÇ︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍÇÐȸ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö)
Risk factors. Ahn HJ.WJGO 2015
NRGH 2017 - [2017-10-30. ÀÌÁØÇà comment] À§¾Ï ¿¹¹æÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© population ±â¹ÝÀÇ H. pylori Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦´Â »ó½Ä¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î »ç¾÷À» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¸ÁÁ¤ ¾û¶×ÇÑ ±âÁØÀ» µéÀÌ´ë¼ »è°¨ À§ÇùÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾îÀ̾ø´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÇ·áÁøÀÌ ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Á¦µµÀû º¸¿ÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
1) 2018³â 6¿ù »óºÎÀ§Àå°üÇ︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ ÇÐȸÁö À̼±¿µ ¼±»ý´Ô Á¾¼³
ÃÖ±Ù »óºÎÀ§Àå°üÇ︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍÇÐȸÁö¿¡ °Ç±¹´ë À̼±¿µ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ 'À§¾ÏÈ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¼¼±ÕÃÑÀÇ º¯È'¶ó´Â ¸ÚÁø Á¾¼³À» ¹ßÇ¥Çϼ̽À´Ï´Ù. ÃàÇÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§¾ÏÀ» °øºÎÇÏ´Â ºÐµé²² Àϵ¶À» ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Á¦°¡ °¡Àå °ü½ÉÀÖ°Ô º» ³»¿ëÀº ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ´Â À§ÀÇ pH°¡ ³·À¸¸é (=»ê¼º ȯ°æ) ºü¸¥ carcinogenesis°¡, À§ÀÇ pH°¡ ³ôÀ¸¸é ´À¸° carcinogenesis°¡ ÀϾٴ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ °¨¿°ÀÌ ÀϾ´õ¶óµµ À§ÀÇ pH°¡ ³·À¸¸é (=»ê¼º ȯ°æ), À§³» ¼¼±ÕÀº ´ëºÎºÐ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¼¼±Õ¿¡¼´Â »ê¼º ȯ°æ¿¡¼ »ýÁ¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸ÅÀÇ ´Ù·®ÀÇ urease¸¦ º¸À¯ÇÑ ±ÕÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ¾ÏÀÌ ÁøÇàÇÏ¿© ÀþÀº ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹ÌºÐÈ Á¶Á÷Çü À§¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýµË´Ï´Ù. MSI´Â µå¹°°í, PET uptake°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇüÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀþÀº ¿©¼º¿¡¼ ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¹ÌºÐÈ Á¶Á÷Çü À§¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý±âÀüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀþÀº ¿©¼ºÀÇ Borrmann type IV³ª lymphofollicular gastritis¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ À§¾ÏÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀ纸´Ù ÈξÀ ÀþÀº ³ªÀÌ¿¡ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅ͸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ¿© Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¸¦ ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2) 2019-4-2. KINGCA ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ô °ÀÇ
Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸(NEJM 2018)¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇϽŠÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ °ÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ³»¿ëÀº ÀúÀÚ Á÷°ÀÌ µüÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
À§¾Ï ȯÀÚÀÇ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Ä¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¢±¹ÀÇ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³»½Ã°æÄ¡·á ÈÄ¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¸¦ ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ Ä¡·á¸¦ ±ÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °÷Àº ¸¹Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á´Â ¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀ» ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù.
Hp Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á ÀÚü°¡ ¾Ï ¹ß»ýÀ» ÁÙ¿´´ÂÁö ȤÀº Ç×»ýÁ¦ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¾Ï ¹ß»ýÀ» ÁÙ¿´´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Ç×»ýÁ¦ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Hp Á¦±Õ ÀÚü°¡ ¾Ï¹ß»ýÀ» ÁÙÀÎ °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ primary outcomeÀÎ atrophy¿Í metaplasiaÀÇ º¯ÈÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á ÈÄ atrophy¿Í metaplasia°¡ ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô È£ÀüµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀçÀÇ °¡Àå Å« concernÀº Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ survivalÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°Áö´Â ¸øÇß´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á...
Subtotal gastrectomy ÈÄ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Cho SJ. APT 2013:38:477
ºñ·Ï Àç¹ß·üÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª Hp Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á´Â surrogate markerÀÎ atrophy score¸¦ È£Àü½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¸ÚÁø °á·ÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± Å« ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÀǸ¦ ¿À·ÎÁö º»ÀÎÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ÀڷḸÀ¸·Î °á·Ð±îÁö À̲ø ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³î¶ó¿î ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â 2019³â 1¿ù 26ÀÏ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍÇÐȸ ºÎ»ê°æ³²Áöȸ ½ÉÆ÷Áö¾ö¿¡¼µµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ½½¶óÀ̵带 º¸¿©ÁֽŠ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÚÁø ¿ä¾àÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¸ÚÁø ¿¬±¸°¡ °ð ¹ßÇ¥µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì enrollment¿Í followupÀÌ ³¡³µ°í ºÐ¼® ÁßÀ̹ǷΠÁ¶¸¸°£ °á°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Í °°´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 15³â Àü¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© Áö±Ý±îÁö °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ë´ÜÇÑ projectÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸µµ ±â´ëµË´Ï´Ù. General population¿¡¼ Helicobacter Á¦±ÕÄ¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ º¸±â À§ÇÑ ´Ù±â°£ RCT°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀç ȯÀÚ enrollment ÁßÀ̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. "´ë´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù"¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¿© ¿ÜÄ¥ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Á¸°æÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
3) ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ 2020³â NEJM ³í¹® (Family History of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Treatment)
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection and a family history of gastric cancer are the main risk factors for gastric cancer. Whether treatment to eradicate H. pylori can reduce the risk of gastric cancer in persons with a family history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives is unknown.
METHODS: In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we screened 3100 first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer. We randomly assigned 1838 participants with H. pylori infection to receive either eradication therapy (lansoprazole [30 mg], amoxicillin [1000 mg], and clarithromycin [500 mg], each taken twice daily for 7 days) or placebo. The primary outcome was development of gastric cancer. A prespecified secondary outcome was development of gastric cancer according to H. pylori eradication status, assessed during the follow-up period.
RESULTS: A total of 1676 participants were included in the modified intention-to-treat population for the analysis of the primary outcome (832 in the treatment group and 844 in the placebo group). During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, gastric cancer developed in 10 participants (1.2%) in the treatment group and in 23 (2.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.94; P=0.03 by log-rank test). Among the 10 participants in the treatment group in whom gastric cancer developed, 5 (50.0%) had persistent H. pylori infection.
Gastric cancer developed in 0.8% of participants (5 of 608) in whom H. pylori infection was eradicated and in 2.9% of participants (28 of 979) who had persistent infection (hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.70).
Adverse events were mild and were more common in the treatment group than in the placebo group (53.0% vs. 19.1%; P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Among persons with H. pylori infection who had a family history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives, H. pylori eradication treatment reduced the risk of gastric cancer.
Overall survival: Death occurred in 16 of 917 participants (1.7%) in the treatment greoup and in 18 of 921 (2.0%) in the placebo group. No significant difference in overall survival rates was found between the trial groups. The cause of death did not differe between the groups.
[ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ 2020³â NEJM ³í¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ comment (2020-2-3)]
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ 2020³â NEJM ³í¹®Àº Helicobacter Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ °íÀ§Çè ȯÀÚ¿¡¼ À§¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀ» ÁÙÀδٴ °ÍÀ» ¸ÚÁø ¿¬±¸·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÃàÇϵ帳´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÇ Discussion¿¡´Â À§¾Ï°ú Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ °ü·Ã Áß¿ä À̽´µéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Àß Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àϵ¶À» ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ³»¿ë Áß Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Á¡ ¸î °¡Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÀ» µå¸³´Ï´Ù.
1) Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ À§¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀ» ÁÙÀÌÁö¸¸ all-cause mortality¸¦ ÁÙÀÌÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â ¹®Á¦Á¦±â¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
NEJM 2020: In a meta-analysis (BMJ 2014), mortality from gastric cancer was about 33% lower among participants who received treatment for H. pylori infection than among those who did not - a finding similar to the 34% lower incidence of gastric cancer among treated participants. An unexpected finding from a more recent meta-analysis was a 12% increase in all-cause mortality after H. pylori treatment. (Int J Cancer 2019)
ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ ÀÌ·±°Ô ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ À§¾Ï ¹ß»ýÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº Ʋ¸²¾øÁö¸¸ mortality °¨¼Ò·Î ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù´Â ±Ù°Å´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÁöÀûÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÀÚ·á´Â 2014³â BMJ¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ºÐ¼®¿¡¼ Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á´Â À§¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀ» 33%Á¤µµ °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ all-cause mortality°¡ 9% Áõ°¡(Risk Ration 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.38)µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í Å« Ãæ°ÝÀ» ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
BMJ 2014 À§¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ °¨¼ÒµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
BMJ 2014 All-cause mortality°¡ Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ 9% Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÈÄ 2°³ÀÇ RCT¸¦ Ãß°¡(±× Áß Çϳª´Â ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´ÔÀÇ 2018³â NEJM ³í¹®)ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ºÐ¼®(Int J Cancer 2019)¿¡¼µµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀº °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
2019³â ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®¿¡¼´Â "Integrating two new RCTs on H. pylori eradication for prevention of gastric cancer, our updated meta-analysis still did not find a statistically significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality with H. pylori eradication therapy, which should be reassurig for patients and physicians."À¸·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ°í, ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ôµµ 2020³â NEJM ³í¹® Discussion¿¡ "This potential risk should be clearly addressed before treatment of H. pylori infection is applied generally as the primary prevention strategy."¶ó´Â Á¶½É½º·¯¿î comment¸¦ ºÙÀ̼̽À´Ï´Ù.
2) ClarithromycinÀÇ À§Ç輺¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
NEJM 2020: In our trial, the clarithromycin-containing triple therapy was not associated with an increase in death from any cause or death from any specific causes.
ClarithromycinÀÌ specificÇÏ°Ô ¾ð±ÞµÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â clarithromycin »ç¿ë±º¿¡¼ »ç¸Á·üÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¹Ì±¹ ³í¹®¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¿µ±¹ ÀÚ·á(Am J Epidemiol. 2018)°¡ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù (¿µ±¹ÀڷḦ ¿Ö ¹Ì±¹ ³í¹®¿¡ ½Ç¾úÀ»±î¿ä? Çò°¥¸®°Ô½Ã¸®...). ´ÙÇེ·´°Ô NEJM 2020¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â º°´Ù¸¥ À§Ç輺ÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
3) Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á ÈÄ screening endoscopy °£°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
NEJM 2020: In our trial, the clarithromycin-containing triple therapy was not associated with an increase in death from any cause or death from any specific causes. Of note, no death from gastric cancer was reported in either group, presumably because of the detection of disease in its early stages. In previous trials, which adopted 4-year to 5-year intervals for surveillance endoscopy, death from gastric cancer was reported even in the H. pylori treatment groups. In contrast, in our trial, which used a 2-year surveillance interval, we detected all gastric cancers at a curable stage (all within stage II). The National Cancer Screening Program in Korea recommends a 2-year interval for endoscopies in persons 40 years of age or older, which could reduce mortality from gastric cancer by about 81% if the procedure is performed three or more times. Screening intervals shorter than every 2 years seem unnecessary because stage-specific prognosis of gastric cancer in patients with a family history of gastric cancer has been shown to be similar or better than the prognosis in patients with no family history of gastric cancer.
µ¿ÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì·ÁÁ¡Àº ¾øÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍÀÇ Áú ÁÁÀº °ËÁø ³»½Ã°æ¿¡¼ 2³â °£°ÝÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ³ª¿Ô´Ù´Â ÀڷḦ ±Ù°Å·Î Àü±¹¹Î °ËÁøÀÇ 2³â °£°ÝÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é Áö³ªÄ£ extrapolationÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ Àϼ± ÇöÀåÀÇ °ËÁø ³»½Ã°æÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é ³»½Ã°æ ±³À°ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ³»½Ã°æ ºñÀü¹®°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ã¼úÀÌ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ªÀº °Ë»ç °£°ÝÀÌ ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ ³»½Ã°æ quality¸¦ º¸ÃæÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ Çö½ÇÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â 1³â¿¡ Çѹø ³»½Ã°æÀ» ±ÇÇÏ´Â Àü·«À» ¹Ý´ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
4) Ç︮ÄÚ¹ÚÅÍ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á¿Í adenoma ¹ß»ý·ü¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
NEJM 2020: The results of this trial showed that treatment of H. pylori infection did not result in a lower incidence of gastric adenoma than placebo. This finding is similar to that of our previous trial involving patients with early gastric cancer; in that trial, the incidence of adenoma was almost equal in the two groups (8.2% in the treatment group and 8.4% in placebo group). Together, our trials suggest that the preventative effect of H. pylori treatment is not preceded by a decrease in the incidence of adenoma, and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence is not the pathway activated by H. pylori in the development of gastric cancer.
¼±Á¾°ú À§¾ÏÀÇ °ü·Ã¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í¹ÎÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ´ëÀ庸´Ù´Â ±× °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ ÈξÀ ´úÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï adenoma-carcinoma sequence°¡ À§¿¡¼´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
[2022-4-16 SIDDS À̼±¿µ ±³¼ö´Ô °ÀÇ]
[2023-9-15 KINGCA]
1) [2014-5-23. ÇÑÀϽÉÆ÷Áö¾ö] Summary of the special lecture by professor Toshiro Sugiyama
Toshiro Sugiyama (Toyama University) ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ Æ¯°ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦¸ñÀº "A new strategy for prevention of gastric cancer and the related issues in Japan"À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
"ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Á¾ÇÕÇϸé Hp°¨¿°ÀÚ´Â 75¼¼±îÁö »ýÁ¸½Ã 8%¿¡¼ À§¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ À§¾ÏÀ» »ó´çºÎºÐ ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°úµµ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀڷḦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀϺ» Á¤ºÎ´Â 2013³â 2¿ù Hp Á¦±ÕÄ¡·áÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ Hp ¾ç¼º À§¿°±îÁö ³ÐÇû½À´Ï´Ù (All infected persons were permitted to be eradicated under government health care system). ÀϺ» Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼´Â µÎ °¡Áö Á¦ÇÑÀ» °É¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
(1) ¹Ýµå½Ã ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Diagnosis of of gastritis by endoscopy
(2) Hp°¡ ÀÎÁ¤µÈ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© È®ÀεǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Diagnosis of Hp infectionABC screeningÀ¸·Î risk straficationÀ» ÇÏ°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó screening °£°ÝÀ» Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ABC screeningÀ¸·Î À§¾Ï¹ß»ý·üÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ABC ±×·ì¿¡ µû¸¥ À§¾Ï ¹ß»ý·üÀº A: 0%, B: 0.11%, C: 0.24%, D: 1.31% ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 40¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ÀϺ»ÀÎ ´ë»ó ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé ABC screening¿¡¼ A°¡ 61.0%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (B´Â 5.4%, C´Â 26.1%, D´Â 7.4%). A¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº screeningÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í Çϸé cost-effectiveness´Â ¸Å¿ì ÁÁ¾ÆÁý´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç °¡Àå Å« ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦±ÕÄ¡·á°¡ ¾ÏÀ» ¿Ïº®È÷ ¿¹¹æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù (Development of gastric cancer is not zero after eradication). º¸´Ù ÁÁÀº marker°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »óȲÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ÀϺ» ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ epigenetic change µîÀ» °ü½ÉÀÖ°Ô ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Sugiyama ¹Ú»çÆÀÀº genomewide screeningÀ» ÅëÇØ EMX1, NKX6-1µîÀÇ È常¦ ¹ß±¼Çß½À´Ï´Ù (Nanjo & Sugiyama. Gastric Cancer 2012:15;382)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀϺ»ÀÇ»çµéÀº À§¾Ï»ç¸Á·üÀ» 10³â ÈıîÁö 78%°¡·® ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ±â´ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù."
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Group Á¤ÀÇ ¿¬°£À§¾Ï¹ß»ý·ü ºñÀ² ³»½Ã°æ °£°Ý A HP-, PG- 0% 61.0% No screening B HP+, PG- 0.11% 5.4% 3-5 yr (after eradication) C HP+, PG+ 0.24% 26.1% 3 yr (after eradication) D HP-, PG+ 1.31% 7.4% 1 yr
2) 2016³â ´ë¸¸ Lee YC ¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ ¸ÞŸºÐ¼®. Association between Helicobacter pylori eradication and gastric cancer incidence (Lee YC. Gastroenterology 2016)
À§¾Ï ¿¹¹æÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¦±ÕÄ¡·áÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ Å¸ÀÌ¿ÏÀÇ ¸ÞŸ¿¬±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. General population ¹× ESD ȯÀÚ±º ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼ positive resultÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Pooled incidence rate ratio°¡ °¢°¢ 0.62, 0.46À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
3) [2016-8-26. GI & Hepatology News] H. pylori¡¯s relationship with gastric cancer? It¡¯s complicated by MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Does eradicating Helicobacter pylori prevent gastric cancer?
The answer is yes, sometimes, but it depends on where you live, and what other bacteria coexist in your gut microbiome.
The overall view is a positive one, Richard M. Peek Jr., MD, said at the at the meeting sponsored by the American Gastroenterological Association. A very large, recent meta-analysis confirms it (Lee YC. Gastroenterology 2016). Comprising 24 studies and 48,000 subjects, the meta-analysis determined that eradicating the bacteria in infected people cut gastric cancer incidence significantly. That¡¯s great news - but there¡¯s a big caveat, said Dr. Peek of Vanderbilt University, Nashville. ¡°The benefit was dependent on what your baseline risk was. For those with a high baseline risk, the benefit was tremendous. For those with a low baseline risk, it was not statistically significant.¡±
There are long-term data suggesting that treating H. pylori sooner rather than later is the way to go. A 2005 study followed more than 700 patients with preneoplastic gastric lesions for 12 years. It found that the treatment effect was cumulative: The longer the patient was free of H. pylori, the more reliably healing occurred (Mera R. Gut 2005). At baseline, the patients were randomized to nutritional supplements or to a combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and bismuth subsalicylate. At 6 years, the trial was unblinded and all patients were offered treatment. Patients were followed for another 6 years. Those who were H. pylori negative at 12 years had 15% more regression and 14% less progression than subjects who were positive at 12 years. Among those who received anti-H. pylori treatment at the 6-year mark, the effect was smaller and nonsignificant. Perhaps surprisingly, though, the biggest bang for H. pylori treatment is seen in the antrum of the stomach, not in the corpus.
Another meta-analysis, this one of 16 studies, found very consistent reductions in the severity of intestinal metaplasia in the antrum after antibiotic treatment - but no difference at all in corpus metaplasia. The reason for that finding isn¡¯t at all clear, the authors of that paper noted (Kong YJ. WJG 2014).
The bacteria-metaplasia cancer link gets even more complicated when H. pylori is viewed as a contributing member of society, rather than a hermit. The bacterium seems to be a bully in the neighborhood, radically altering the normal gastric microbiome, Dr. Peek said.
In the absence of H. pylori, the gastric microbiome is much more diverse, consisting of about 50% Actinobacteria and 25% Firmicutes species. Bacteroides and Proteobacteria species make up the remainder, with a small population of Cyanobacteria as well. In its presence, Proteobacteria - a gram-negative genus that includes a wide variety of pathogens - almost completely subsume beneficial bacteria.
Researchers saw this change in action in 2011, when a group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, inoculated two mouse populations with H. pylori and followed them for gastric neoplasms (Lofgren JL. Gastroenterology 2011). All the mice were genetically engineered to overexpress human gastrin, a characteristic that invariably leads them to develop gastric cancers. One group comprised germ-free mice raised in sterile environments. The control group was free of pathogens, but lived in a conventional environment and so had normal gastric flora. Both groups were inoculated with H. pylori.
By 11 months, the microbiome of the control group was strikingly different. It showed a significant increase in the number of Firmicutes bacteria in the stomach, with an associated decrease in the number and variety of other bacteria including Bacteroides. This was especially interesting when viewed in relation to the rate of gastric neoplasia, Dr. Peek said. These mice are programmed to develop gastric cancer by 6 months of age - and this is what happened in the control mice, which had H. pylori plus other gastric microbes. But the germ-free mice who were monoinfected with H. pylori showed a much different progression of disease. At 7 months, most showed only a mild hypergastrinemia. Conversely, at 7 months, all of the H. pylori-infected control mice had developed gastric intraepithelial neoplasia, 80% of it high grade. Only 10% of the monoinfected mice developed cancer, and all of it was low grade.
¡°It looks like there is active collaboration between H. pylori and other bacteria in the stomach,¡± resulting in this increased cancer risk, Dr. Peek said. It¡¯s a collaboration that reaches deep into the tumors themselves, he said. ¡°A very interesting study a couple of years ago searched cancer genomes for the presence of bacterial DNA, and found that gastric cancers incorporated the second-highest amount of microbial DNA into their cancer genomes. But it wasn¡¯t just H. pylori. Many other species had integrated their DNA into these tumors.¡± That study, published in 2013, was the first to prove that bacterial DNA can impact carcinogenesis. Acute myeloid leukemia showed the highest integration of bacterial DNA, but gastric adenocarcinoma was a close second. Most of the species were of the Proteobacteria lineages (83%), with a third of that represented by Pseudomonas, particularly P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. Both of those species have been shown to promote gastric tumorigenesis in rats. All of the DNA integrations occurred in five genes; four of these are already known to be upregulated in gastric cancer (Riley DR. PLOS Comp Biol 2013).
Interestingly, only a few of the sample reads turned up DNA integration with H. pylori. This reduction in gastric microbial diversity could be an important key to H. pylori¡¯s relation to gastric cancer, Dr. Peek said. He examined this in residents of two towns in Colombia, South America: Tumaco, where the risk of gastric cancer is low, and Tuquerres, where it¡¯s 25 times higher (Ines Yang. Sci Rep 2016 What was different was the gastric microbiome of residents. Those living in low-risk Tumaco had much more microbial diversity: 361 varieties, compared with 194 in Tuquerres. And 16 of these groups - representative of what¡¯s usually considered a healthy microbiome - were absent in the high-risk subjects. But Tuquerres residents had two bacteria that weren¡¯t found in Tumaco residents, including Leptorichia wadei, which has been associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. There was no difference, however, in the prevalence of H. pylori between these high- and low-risk groups.
These new findings illustrate an increasingly complicated interplay of bacteria and gastric cancer, Dr. Peek said. But they also provide a new direction for research. ¡°We have a framework now where we can move forward and try to understand how some of these other strains impact gastric cancer risk,¡± he said.
4) [2018-4-13. Helicobacter ÇÐȸ] H. pylori and gastric carcinogenesis (David Y. Graham)
Abstract: Until recently gastric cancer was the most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. The discovery that gastric cancers were etiologically related to infection with H. pylori led to the realization that H. pylori eradication would prevent most gastric cancers. Gastric cancer is an inflammation-associated cancer with H. pylori infection being the cause of ongoing inflammation, rapid cell turnover and production of tissue damaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced. Devolopment of cancer is related to progressive genetic instability which is one outcomes of chronic inflammation from any cause. The H. pylori organism itself is also directly involved in carcinogenesis through its ability to induce breaks in double-strand DNA, cause abnormal DNA methylation, and alter expression of microRNAs. The infection also stimulates activation-induced cytidine deaminase which can alter nucleotides. As one might expect, infections with strains causing a greater inflammatory response, such as those with an intact Cag pathogenicity island, are more often associated with development of cancer. However, infections with strains lacking all known virulence factors develop cancer. No proven cancer promoting bactrial factor has yet been discovered. Whether there is an important role of the infection in altering the local immune response to the cancer remains unknown but is suspected. Cancer risk is related to the degree and reversibility of gastric mucosal damage. After atrophy has developed the patient will have an increased risk of gastric cancer despite H. pylori eradication. The degree of risk increases exponentially with time, however the process can be stopped and partially reversed by H. pylori eradication. Gastric cancer can be largely eliminated by preventing H. pylori infection. Among those with H. pylori infection, the risk of developing gastric cancer can be also markedly reduced by treatment especially before the development of atrophic gastritis.
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