Parasite | Eso | Sto | Cancer | ESD
[³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â - ÀÌ·± Àú·± »ý°¢. On learning endoscopy] - ðû
★ EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â ÃʽÉÀÚ ±³À°
´ëÇÑÀÇÇÐ/±³º¸¹®°í/¾Ë¶óµò/Yes241. ÀÌÁØÇàÀÇ ÁÂÃæ¿ìµ¹ ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â (2010)
3. ³»°ú°è ¼Òȱ⠼ú±â ±³½Ç - Gastroscopy BOXIM, Colonoscopy BOXIM, DEX, EndoGEL ESD hands-on
4. ³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀڵ鲲 ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù. (2017-3-18. ±èÅÂÁØ)
5. ESD´Â hands-onÀ¸·Î ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÇÐÀº °ï¶õÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
6. »ï¼º¼¿ïº´¿ø ³»½Ã°æ½Ç µµ¼½Ç
7. ÃʽÉÀÚµéÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ ¹üÇϱ⠽¬¿î ½Ç¼ö
8. LearningÀº ¸Å²ô·¯¿î Ä¿ºê°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
9. FAQ
10. References
1. ÀÌÁØÇàÀÇ ÁÂÃæ¿ìµ¹ ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â (2010)
ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼´Â box simulator hands-on workshop (BOXIM)°ú description exercise workshop (DEX)À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ ³»½Ã°æ ±³À°À» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °ú°Å ³»½Ã°æÀº ¼Òȱ⳻°ú Àǻ縸 ¹è¿ï ¼ö Àִ Ư±Ç°°Àº °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀúÈñ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡´Â Áø·á°ú¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â¸¦ Èñ¸ÁÇÏ´Â ÀÇ»ç´Â ´©±¸³ª Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °Ý¼¼Áö°¨ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Á¦°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ³»½Ã°æÀ» ¹è¿ü´ÂÁö Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ ¿¾³¯ À̾߱âÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2. ³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀÚ ±³À° (Endoscopy Beginner Course)
Á¦°¡ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ¹è¿îÁö ¾î´Àµ¡ 30³âÀÌ ³Ñ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. 30³âÀº ±ä ¼¼¿ùÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Âü ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â´Â ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ±º¿ä. ¼±¹è (ȤÀº ±³¼ö)°¡ ³»½Ã°æ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î±ú ³Ê¸Ó·Î ¸î ¹ø º» ÈÄ ±×³É Çغ¸´Â ¹æ½Ä ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 30³â Àü¿¡µµ ±×·¨°í Áö±Ýµµ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù 1-2³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù´Â ¸¹Àº ºÐµé¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´Âµ¥ ´ë´äÀº ÇÑ°á°°¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Çϳªµµ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¼¿ùÀÌ Áö³´Ù°í ÁÁ¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
ÃæºÐÇÑ ±³À° ¾øÀÌ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±×¾ß¸»·Î ¾ûÅ͸®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À§Çèõ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌÁö¿ä. ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ÀÌ·Ð ±³À°, ÄÚ½º ½Ç½À, µµ·ÎÁÖÇà ¿¬¼öµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ±×³É º¹ÀâÇÑ µµ·Î·Î Â÷¸¦ ¸ô°í ³ª°¡´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Àú´Â ³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀÚ ±³½ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú°í À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ±³À°À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1:1 ȤÀº 2:1 ÇÚÁî¿Â °³Àα³½ÀÀÌ ÇÙ½É ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Stay trained!
±³À°ÀÎÀç°³¹ß½ÇÀÇ ÇùÁ¶·Î '³»°ú°è ¼Òȱ⠼ú±â ±³½Ç'À» ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
4. ³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀڵ鲲 ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù (2017-3-18. ±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô)
±èÅÂÁØ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ ¿©·¯ Àü°øÀÇ, ÀÓ»ó°»ç¿¡°Ô ´çºÎÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³Â½À´Ï´Ù. ÐÝΡè¬ðÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿Å±é´Ï´Ù.
³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀڵ鲲 ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù (2017-3-18. ±èÅÂÁØ)
¾È³çÇϽʴϱî. ¼±»ý´Ôµé²²¼ º´µ¿°ú ³»½Ã°æ½Ç¿¡¼ ¿½ÉÈ÷ ÇØÁּż °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã Çѹø ´çºÎµå¸®°í ½ÍÀº »çÇ×µéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1) ȯÀÚ ÆľÇÇϱâ - ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç Àü EMRÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ȯÀÚ¸¦ Àß ÆľÇÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áõ»ó¾øÀÌ °ËÁø ¸ñÀûÀÇ °Ë»çµµ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ´ëºÎºÐ Áõ»óÀ» °¡Áö°í ¼Òȱ⳻°ú ¿Ü·¡¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© °Ë»çÇϴ ȯÀÚµéÀÌ ´õ ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. °Ë»ç ÀÌÀ¯, Á¶Á÷ °Ë»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, Á» ´õ ÁÖÀDZí°Ô °üÂûÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀº ¾ø´ÂÁö µîµîÀ» Àß ÆľÇÇÏ°í °Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϽʽÿÀ. °ú°Å ³»½Ã°æ °Ë»ç °á°ú¿Í »çÁøÀ» ¸®ºäÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹°·Ð º¹ºÎ CT¿Í °°ÀÌ À§Àå°ü ÁúȯÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °Ë»çµµ È®ÀÎÇÏ¸é µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î º¹ºÎ CT¿¡¼ prominent AoV - r/o AoV adenoma ¼Ò°ßÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é AoV¸¦ ´õ¿í ÁÖÀDZí°Ô °üÂûÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
2) ¹Ù¸£°Ô °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁø Âï±â - Blind area°¡ ¾øÀÌ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÐÅÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ½Äµµ, À§, ½ÊÀÌÁöÀåÀ» °üÂûÇϽʽÿÀ. ³»½Ã°æ »çÁøÀº Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Àß ¼¼Ã´µÈ »óÅ¿¡¼ Èçµé¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇϽʽÿÀ. ÃÖ±Ù ÀÌÁØÇà ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ±âº» »çÁøÀº ²À ³²±â½Ã°í, ȯÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎÀ§°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Á» ´õ ÃÔ¿µÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. º´¼Ò°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¸é ¿ø°æ, Áß°£, ±Ù°æ, Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç ÈÄ ÀÌ·¸°Ô 4ÀåÀ» Âï´Â °ÍÀÌ ±âº»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (º´¼Ò¶ó ÇÔÀº À§Ä¡ÆľÇÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â º´¼Ò¸¦ ¸»Çϴµ¥, Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÑ ´Ü¼ø¹Ì¶õ¿¡ ´ëÇؼµµ ¸ðµÎ 4Àå±îÁö ÂïÀ» ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ» °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.)
3) °üÂûÇÏ´Â ¼ø¼´Â ¾à°£¾¿ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ´ë·« ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.
- ¸ñ³Ñ±â±â (»ðÀÔÀÌ Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼±»ý´ÔµéÀº ÈĵκÎÀ§¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁøÀº ¾È Âï¾îµµ ±¦Âú½À´Ï´Ù. ÈĵκÎÀ§¿¡¼ ¿À·¡ ¸Ó¹°´Ù°¡ ȯÀÚ°¡ Èûµé¾î ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¾Á¾ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
- ½Äµµ¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ¸é¼ »çÁøÂï±â
- GEJ¿¡¼ Z-lineÀ» °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁøÂï±â
- ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå ±¸ºÎ °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁøÂï±â (SDA angle ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ°Ô²û »çÁøÀÌ ³ª¿Àµµ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇսôÙ. )
- ½ÊÀÌÁöÀå Á¦2ºÎ·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡ major papilla¿Í minor papilla¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ°í AoV¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁøÀ» Âï½À´Ï´Ù.
- ´Ù½Ã À§·Î ³ª¿Í antrumÀ» °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. AntrumÀº º´º¯ÀÌ Àß ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§À̹ǷΠ°¡Àå ÁÖÀ§±í°Ô °üÂûÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. proximal antrum¿¡¼ AW, GC, PW side¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í mid-antrum À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ´Ù½Ã mid, distal antrumÀÇ GC, AW, PW side¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í ³ ´ÙÀ½ antrum LC side¸¦ °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í angleÀ» °üÂûÇÏ°í angleÀÇ AW, PW sideµµ °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀúÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ antrum »çÁøÀº pylorus°¡ °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϵµ·Ï Çؼ ÀüüÀûÀÎ antrum »çÁøÀ» ÇÑÀå Âï°í antrum LC side ¿Í angleÀ» Âï½À´Ï´Ù.
- AntrumÀ» ´Ù °üÂûÇÏ¿´À¸¸é bodyÀÇ GC side°¡ 6-7½Ã¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϵµ·Ï Çؼ fundusÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¶ó°©´Ï´Ù. ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é¼ °íÀÎ ¾×ü¸¦ ÈíÀÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
- Fundus Àüü°¡ °¡¿îµ¥ À§Ä¡Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© °üÂûÇÏ°í »çÁøÀ» Âï½À´Ï´Ù.
- Up angleÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÇÏ¿© cardia ºÎºÐÀ» °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̶§ ³»½Ã°æ ¼±´ÜÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ flexion µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Á¿ì³ëºêµµ ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© cardia°¡ ȸé Áß¾Ó¿¡ Àߺ¸À̵µ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ³»½Ã°æÀ» 360µµ µ¹·Á°¡¸é¼ °üÂûÇÏ¸ç »çÁøÀ» Âï½À´Ï´Ù.
- ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î body ÀÇ LC side¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ¸ç ³»½Ã°æÀ» ÀüÁø½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. high body LC side → mid body LC side → low body LC side¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã angleÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. °üÂûÇÏ¸é¼ LC side »çÁøÀ» 1-2Àå Âï½À´Ï´Ù.
- ³»½Ã°æÀ» ȸ¼öÇÏ¸é¼ bodyÀÇ GC side¸¦ °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PW side°¡ blind portionÀÌ´Ï º´º¯À» ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Àß °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Low body → mid body → high body ¼ø¼·Î °üÂûÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç °¢ ºÎÀ§¸¶´Ù AW/GC/PW side¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °üÂû½Ã °ø±â¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ³Ö¾î ÁÖ¸§»çÀ̵µ ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
- ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î funusÀÇ GC side portionÀ» °üÂûÇÏ¸é¼ »çÁøÀ» ÃÔ¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú°°Àº °æ¿ì´Â high body GC¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Ù°¡ ÁÖ¸§À» µû¶ó ½Ã°è¹Ý´ë¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ȸÀüÀ» ÇÏ¸é¼ °üÂûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô °üÂûÇϸé fundus¸¦ ȸÀüÇÏ¸ç ´Ù º¸°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³»½Ã°æÀÌ high body posteroGC side ¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸°Ô µÇ¸ç GEJ, cardia ¹Ù·Î ¾Æ·¡ºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °üÂûÀ» ´ÙÇÏ¿´À¸¸é °ø±â¸¦ »©°í Z-lineÀ» ´Ù½Ã °üÂûÇÏ°í ½Äµµ¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ¸é¼ ³»½Ã°æÀ» ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
4) Target biopsy - TargetingÀ» ÀßÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾û¶×ÇÑ °÷À» Çؼ Áø´ÜÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇսôÙ. Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç¸¦ ¹«Á¶°Ç ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÁÀº °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼ target biopsy¸¦ ÇÏ¿©¾ß Áø´Ü yield¸¦ ³ôÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
5) °Ë»ç ÈÄ »çÁø ¸®ºäÇϱâ - °Ë»ç ÈÄ Æǵ¶Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ÃÇàÇÑ »çÁøµéÀ» ¸®ºäÇÏ¸é¼ È¤½Ã ³õÄ£ º´º¯Àº ¾ø´ÂÁö Æǵ¶ÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥Áö È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
6) Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç °á°ú ÇÐÀÎÇϱâ - ȯÀÚ ¼öøÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¼ º»ÀÎÀÌ ½ÃÇàÇÑ Á¶Á÷°Ë»ç °á°ú¸¦ ²À È®ÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
±âº»ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â óÀ½ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§ ÁÁÀº ½À°üÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
5. ESD´Â hands-onÀ¸·Î ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÇÐÀº °ï¶õÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
[2013-8-27. ¾Öµ¶ÀÚ Áú¹®]
Àú´Â À۳⿡ Æç·Î¿ì ¸¶ÃÆ°í ÇöÀç ½ºÅÜ 1³âÂ÷ ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ESD¸¦ ¸î ÄÉÀ̽º ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ESD °ü·ÃÇؼ ÃßõÇØÁÖ½Ç ¸¸ÇÑ Ã¥ÀÌ Àִ°¡ Çؼ ¸ÞÀÏ µå¸³´Ï´Ù. ½ÃÁß¿¡ ³ª¿Í Àִ åÀÌ ÀÖ±â´Â Çѵ¥ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾î¶²Áö Àß ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø°í...
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ESD ´ë°¡ Áß ÇѺÐÀÎ ±¹¸³¾Ï¼¾ÅÍ ÃÖÀÏÁÖ ±³¼ö´Ô²²¼ ¼ö³â Àü EMR-P¿¡ ´ëÇÑ learning curve¸¦ ÁÖÁ¦·Î ³í¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇϽŠ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ù 40¿¹º¸´Ù µÎ¹ø° 40¿¹¿¡¼ ÈξÀ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ESD¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â learning curve°¡ ´õ °¡Æĸ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤¼³ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï óÀ½ ¸î½Ê·ÊÀÇ ESD´Â ¹«Ã´ ¾î·Æ°í ¸¸Á·ÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. È¥ÀÚ Ã¥º¸°í ¹è¿ì¸é ¾È µÇ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. °³ÀÎ tutor¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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2020-3-3. EndoGEL ESD hands-on training
Manual for EndoGEL ESD hands-on
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7. LearningÀº ¸Å²ô·¯¿î Ä¿ºê°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
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8. ÃʽÉÀÚµéÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ ¹üÇϱ⠽¬¿î ½Ç¼ö
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EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ¹è¿ì±â. ¼ú±â/»ðÀÔ¹ý FAQ·Î ¿Å°å½À´Ï´Ù.
1) EndoTODAY ³»½Ã°æ ÃʽÉÀÚ ±³½Ç
2) EndoTODAY ³»°ú°è ¼Òȱ⠼ú±â ±³½Ç
3) EndoTODAY SMC ³»½Ã°æ simulator ±³À° ½Ã½ºÅÛ °³¹ß
4) EndoTODAY ESD animal model training - °æÇè°ú ¿ª»ç
5) ±èÀº¿µ, Àü¼º¿ì, ±è±¤ÇÏ ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼ ¾²½Å Chicken soup for teaching and learning ESD¿¡´Â ÀÌ·± ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù. ÀûÀýÇÑ supervision ÇÏ¿¡¼ trainingÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÔÀ» °Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
"It has been reported that closely supervised trainees can perform advanced surgery such as sophagogastrectomy, hepatectomy, or pancreatectomy with similar outcomes to consultant surgeons. In those studies, surgeons with a large workload encouraged trainees to accept more opportunities to participate in such complex operations, with appropriate supervision, because this improved their learning of the surgical methods and did not jeopardize patient care. Similarly, proficiency in ESD cannot be achieved without the availability of a highly experienced supervisor, because a significant number of cases were not completed by the trainee alone and complications such as perforations were generally managed by the supervisor."
6) Coman, Gotoda, Draganov²²¼ ¾²½Å Training in endoscopic submucosal dissection¿¡¼´Â structured training programÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀÌ °Á¶µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ƯÀÌÇÏ°Ôµµ trainerµµ trainingÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
"TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR TRAINERS. This is a relatively new but important concept, as the training program for trainers is highly demanded for permeation of ESD worldwide and it is also necessary for trainers to be evaluated and rewarded."
7) ´Ü±â ³»½Ã°æ ±³À°ÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÂªÀº º¸°í¼
© ÀÏ¿ø³»½Ã°æ±³½Ç ¹Ù¸¥³»½Ã°æ¿¬±¸¼Ò ÀÌÁØÇà. EndoTODAY Endoscopy Learning Center. Lee Jun Haeng.